Simpatri: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[File:Gharial_in_Karnali.JPG|220x124px|thumb|right|Dua spesies antara [[Gavial]]: ''Gavialis gagenticus'' (bawah) dan [[Buaya India]]: ''Crocodylus Palustris'' (atas) di sungai Karnali, Nepal adalah salah satu contoh jenis simpatri yang terjadi pada hewan.]][[Berkas:N. jamban and N. lingulata.jpg|thumbjmpl|Dua spesies [[kantong semar]]: ''[[Nepenthes jamban]]'' (kiri) dan ''[[Nepenthes lingulata]]'' (kanan) di hutan bergunung di [[Sumatra]] merupakan salah satu contoh simpatri yang terjadi pada tumbuhan.]]

Dalam ilmu [[biologi]], '''simpatri''' adalah suatu keadaan ketika dua [[spesies]] atau [[populasi]] hidup di wilayah geografis yang sama sehingga seringkalisering kali saling bertemu.{{Sfn|Futuyma|2009|pp=448, G-9}} Populasi yang pada awalnya saling berkawin dan kemudian terbagi menjadi dua spesies atau lebih merupakan contoh [[spesiasi simpatrik]]. Spesiasi semacam ini disebabkan oleh [[isolasi reproduktif]] - yang membuat keturunan campuran tak dapat bereproduksi, sehingga mengurangi [[aliran gen]] - yang mengakibatkan perbedaan genetik.{{Sfn|Futuyma|2009|p=241}} Spesiasi ini berlawanan dengan [[spesiasi alopatrik]] di mana spesies terbentuk akibat isolasi geografis.

* {{cite journal |last1=Bot |first1=A.N.M. |last2=Rehner |first2=S.A. |last3=Boomsma |first3=J.J. |title=Partial Incompatibility between Ants and Symbiotic Fungi in Two Sympatric Species of Acromyrmex Leaf-Cutting Ants |journal=Evolution|date=October 2001 |pages=1980–1991|last-author-amp=yes |ref=harv |jstor=2680446 |volume=55 |doi=10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01315.x}}

* {{cite web |last1=Coyne |first1=Jerry A. |last2=Orr |first2=H. Allen |title=Patterns of Speciation in Drosophila |jstor=2409213 |journal=Evolution |pages=362–381 |volume=43 |issue=2 |date=March 1989 |last-author-amp=yes |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v400/n6742/pdf/400354a0.pdf |title=On the origin of species by sympatric speciation |last1=Dieckmann |first1=U. |last2=Doebeli |first2=M. |journal=Nature |date=July 1999 |volume=400 |pages=354–357 |doi=10.1038/22521|last-author-amp=yes |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Foote |first1=A.D. |last2=Morin |first2=P.A. |last3=Durban |first3=J.W. |last4=Willerslev |first4=E. |last5=Orlando |first5=L. |last6=Gilbert |first6=P.|last7=Thomas |first7=M. |title=Out of the pacific and back again: insights into the matrilineal history of pacific killer whale ecotypes |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=9 |page=e24980 |date=September 2011 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024980 |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024980 |displayauthors=3 |last-author-amp=yes |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Futuyma|first=D.J.|year=2009|title=Evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/evolution0002futu_d4c9|edition=2nd|location=Sunderland, Massachusetts|publisher=Sinauer Associates|isbn=978-0-87893-223-8 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=272188&_user=38557&_pii=S1471492203001946&_check=y&_origin=&_coverDate=30-Sep-2003&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlt-zSkWb&md5=e7ec4feacb17c6e9650bd34bbe07bb97/1-s2.0-S1471492203001946-main.pdf |title=Sympatric speciation in parasites – what is sympatry? |last=McCoy |first=K.D. |journal=Trends in Parasitology |date=September 2003 |volume=19 |issue=9 |pages=400–404 |doi=10.1016/S1471-4922(03)00194-6 |ref=harv }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* {{cite journal |last=Noor |first=M.A.F. |title=Reinforcement and other consequences of sympatry |journal=Heredity |date=November 1999 |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=503–508 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00632.x |url=http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v83/n5/pdf/6886320a.pdf |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=A. |authorlink1=Austin Roberts |last2=Tarboton |first2=W. |title=Roberts' Guide to the Nests and Eggs of Southern African Birds |year=2011 |publisher=John Voelcker Bird Book Fund |isbn=978-0-620-50629-8 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last=Soler |first=M. |last2=Moller |first2=A.P. |title=Duration of sympatry and coevolution between the great spotted cuckoo and its magpie host |journal=Nature |volume=343 |date=February 1990 |pages=748–750 |doi=10.1038/343748a0 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v343/n6260/pdf/343748a0.pdf |last-author-amp=yes |ref=harv}}