Film noir: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Film noir''' adalah sebuah istilah [[film|sinematik]] yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan gaya film [[film Amerika Serikat|Hollywood]] yang menampilkan [[film kriminal|drama-drama kriminal]], khususnya yang menekankan keambiguan moral dan motivasi seksual. Periode film noir klasik Hollywood biasanya dianggap merentang dari awal 1940-an hingga akhir 1950-an. Film noir dari masa ini dihubungkan dengan gaya visual [[hitam-putih]] dalam pencahayaan yang rendah yang berakar dalam [[sinematografi]] [[Ekspresionisme Jerman|ekspresionis Jerman]], sementara banyak dari cerita-cerita prototipnya dan sikap noir yang klasik berasal dari aliran [[fiksi detektif]] yang muncul di Amerika Serikat pada masa [[Depresi Besar|Depresi]].
Istilah ''film noir'' (bahasa
== Referensi ==
* Aziz, Jamaluddin Bin (2005). "Future Noir," pasal dalam "Transgressing Women: Investigating Space and the Body in Contemporary Noir Thrillers." Disertasi Ph. D., Department of English and Creative Writing, Lancaster University (bab tersedia dalam bentuk [http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/Articles-Summer05/JemAziz1.html online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202113605/http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/Articles-Summer05/JemAziz1.html |date=2008-12-02 }}).▼
▲* Aziz, Jamaluddin Bin (2005). "Future Noir," pasal dalam "Transgressing Women: Investigating Space and the Body in Contemporary Noir Thrillers." Disertasi Ph. D., Department of English and Creative Writing, Lancaster University (bab tersedia dalam bentuk [http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/Articles-Summer05/JemAziz1.html online]).
* Biesen, Sheri Chinen (2005). ''Blackout: World War II and the Origins of Film Noir''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8217-6
* Borde, Raymond, dan Etienne Chaumeton (2002 [1955]). ''A Panorama of American Film Noir, 1941–1953'', terj. Paul Hammond. San Francisco: City Lights Books. ISBN 0-87286-412-X
* Cameron, Ian, ed. (1993). ''The Book of Film Noir''. New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-0589-4
* Chopra-Gant, Mike (2005). ''Hollywood Genres and Postwar America: Masculinity, Family and Nation in Popular Movies and Film Noir''. London: IB Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-838-2
* Christopher, Nicholas (1997). ''Somewhere in the Night: Film Noir and the American City''. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-684-82803-0
* Clarens, Carlos (1980). ''Crime Movies: An Illustrated History''. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-01262-X
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* Selby, Spencer (1984). ''Dark City: The Film Noir''. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-89950-103-6
* Shadoian, Jack (2003). ''Dreams and Dead Ends: The American Gangster Film'', edisi ke-2 Oxford dan New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514291-8
* Silver, Alain (1995). "''Kiss Me Deadly'': Evidence of a Style," versi revisi (dikumpulkan dalam Silver dan Ursini, ''Film Noir Reader [1]''; available [
* Silver, Alain, dan James Ursini (1999). ''The Noir Style''. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-722-0
* Silver, Alain, dan James Ursini (dan Robert Porfirio—vol. 3), ed. (2004 [1996–2004]). ''Film Noir Reader'', vol. 1–4. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Limelight Editions (pengantar untuk vol. 1 dan 2 dan esai-esai terpilih terdapat secara [
* Silver, Alain, dan Elizabeth M. Ward, ed. (1992). ''Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style'', edisi ke-3 Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-479-5
* Spicer, Andrew (2002). ''Film Noir''. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-43712-1
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/the_complete_list.html All-Time 100 Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314020006/http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/the_complete_list.html |date=2007-03-14 }} Daftar majalah ''[[Time (majalah)|Time]]'' yang memuat banyak film noir mencakup sebuah produksi TV, ''The Singing Detective'', di antara 100 pilihan film terbaiknya
* [http://www.filmsite.org/filmnoir.html Film Noir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219131155/http://www.filmsite.org/filmnoir.html |date=2011-02-19 }} situs fans terkemuka, bagian dari [[Filmsite.org]] Tim Dirks
* [http://www.greencine.com/static/primers/noir.jsp Esai dalam tanya jawab film noir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210231918/http://www.greencine.com/static/primers/noir.jsp |date=2005-12-10 }} oleh kritikus-sejarahwan noir terkemuka [[Eddie Muller]]; bagian dari situs [[GreenCine]]
* [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Noirbib.html Film Noir: A Bibliography of Materials] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907234856/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu//MRC/Noirbib.html |date=2006-09-07 }} koleksi Perpustakaan [[UC Berkeley]]
* [http://www.filmnoirfoundation.org/index.html Film Noir Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626024104/http://filmnoirfoundation.org/index.html |date=2023-06-26 }} kelompok nirlaba, dipimpin oleh Eddie Muller, mengabdikan diri untuk pelestarian dan restorasi noir klasik
* [http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue02/infocus/filmnoir.htm Film Noir: An Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830170319/http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue02/infocus/filmnoir.htm |date=2006-08-30 }} esai dengan pranala ke berbagai diskusi tentang 10 noir penting; bagian dari ''Images: A Journal of Film and Popular Culture''
* [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19950130/COMMENTARY/11010314/1023 A Guide to Film Noir Genre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120234128/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19950130%2FCOMMENTARY%2F11010314%2F1023 |date=2013-01-20 }} sepuluh butir petunjuk jitu dari [[Roger Ebert]]
* [http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/NeoNoir.html An Introduction to Neo-Noir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060803235034/http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/NeoNoir.html |date=2006-08-03 }} esai oleh [[Lee Horsley]]
* [http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/Noir%20Thriller%20Intro.html ''The Noir Thriller'': Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007085926/http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/Noir%20Thriller%20Intro.html |date=2006-10-07 }} cuplikan dari buku 2001 karya Lee Horsley
* [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/noir/index.html No Place for a Woman: The Family in ''Film Noir'' and Other Essays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326164223/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/noir/index.html |date=2008-03-26 }} tulisan karya John Blaser, dengan media yang terkait dengan noir
* [http://outofthepast.libsyn.com/ Out of the Past: Investigating Film Noir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005013801/http://outofthepast.libsyn.com/ |date=2006-10-05 }} podcast bahan bacaan tentang banyak noir klasik karya Shannon Clute dan Richard Edwards
{{Genre film}}
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[[Kategori:Teori film]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah film]]
[[Kategori:Kata dan frasa
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