Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act''' ('''PPACA'''),<ref>{{USPL|111|148}}, {{USStat|124|119}}, yang ditandai telah diamandemendiamendemen di sejumlah pasal-pasal tentang [[Internal Revenue Code]] dan di [[Title 42 of the United States Code|42 U.S.C.]]</ref> commonlybiasa calleddisebut '''Obamacare'''<ref name="CNN20120625Obamacare" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2012/mar/20/romneycare-and-obamacare-can-you-tell-difference/ |title=RomneyCare & ObamaCare: Can you tell the difference? |last=Holan |first=Angie D. |author= |authorlink= |date=March 20, 2012 |work=PolitiFact.com |publisher=Tampa Bay Times |location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |quote= |ref= }}</ref> atau '''hukum layanan kesehatan federal''', adalah sebuah [[hukum Amerika Serikat#Hukum federal|hukum federal]] yang disahkan oleh [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[Barack Obama]] pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010. Bersama [[Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act]], UU ini mengusung perombakan regulasi [[layanan kesehatan di Amerika Serikat|sistem layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat]] terbesar sejak disahkannya [[Medicare (Amerika Serikat)|Medicare]] dan [[Medicaid]] tahun 1965.<ref name=overhaul>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/28/usa-healthcare-court-idUSL2E8HS4WG20120628|title=US top court upholds healthcare law in Obama triumph|publisher=Reuters|author=James Vicini and Jonathan Stempel|date=June 28, 2012|access-date=2013-01-23|archive-date=2014-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813161302/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/28/usa-healthcare-court-idUSL2E8HS4WG20120628|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

PPACA lebih ditujukan untuk mengurangi [[cakupan asuransi kesehatan di Amerika Serikat|jumlah warga Amerika Serikat tak terasuransikan]] dan seluruh biaya layanan kesehatan. UU ini menyediakan berbagai macam mekanisme—termasuk [[mandat individu|mandat]], [[subsidi]], dan [[kredit pajak]]—untuk para pengusaha dan individu demi meningkatkan tingkat cakupan asuransi.<ref name="nyt-critics">{{cite news|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|title= Health Law Critics Prepare to Battle Over Insurance Exchange Subsidies|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/us/critics-of-health-care-law-prepare-to-battle-over-insurance-exchange-subsidies.html|first=Robert|last=Pear|date=July 7, 2012|accessdate=July 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2010/feb/04/paul-krugman/krugman-calls-senate-health-care-bill-similar-law-/ |title=Krugman calls Senate health care bill similar to law in Massachusetts |last=Krugman |first=Paul |author= |authorlink= |date=January 31, 2010 |work=PolitiFact.com |publisher=Tampa Bay Times |location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Reformasi lain bertujuan memperbaiki hasil layanan kesehatan dan menyederhanakan penyaluran layanan kesehatan. PPACA mensyaratkan perusahaan-perusahaan asuransi [[pengeluaran terjamin|mencakup semua pendaftar]] dan [[penilaian masyarakat|menawarkan nilai yang sama]] tanpa melihat [[kondisi tak jelas]] atau jenis kelamin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court Upholds Heart of Obama Health Care Law Seeking to Cover 30 Million Uninsured|author=Hearst, Steven R.|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Supreme+Court+upholds+heart+Obamacare/6854896/story.html|newspaper=The Gazette|date=June 28, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ObamaCare Survives the Supreme Court: 5 Takeaways|url=http://theweek.com/article/index/229985/obamacare-survives-the-supreme-court-5-takeaways|newspaper=The Week|date=June 28, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref> [[Congressional Budget Office]] memperkirakan PPACA akan mengurangi defisit selanjutnya<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/ftpdocs/121xx/doc12119/03-30-healthcarelegislation.pdf |title=CBO's Analysis of the Major Health Care Legislation Enacted in March 2010 |author=Elmendorf, Douglas W. |date=March 30, 2011 |publisher=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |format=pdf |accessdate=July 15, 2012}}</ref> dan anggaran [[Medicare (Amerika Serikat)|Medicare]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/06-21-Long-Term_Budget_Outlook.pdf |title=CBO's 2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook |author=Elmendorf, Douglas W. |date=June 2011 |page=44 |publisher=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |format=pdf |quote=Through those changes and numerous others, the 2010 legislation significantly decreased Medicare outlays relative to what they would have been under prior law.}}</ref>

* {{cite book|author = John E. McDonough|title = Inside National Health Reform|url = https://archive.org/details/insidenationalhe00mcdo|publisher = University of California Press|year = 2011|month = September|isbn = 9780520270190 }}

* [http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf Supreme Court Ruling on the ACA-June 28, 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628151731/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf |date=2012-06-28 }}

* Kaiser Family Foundation: [http://healthreform.kff.org/SubsidyCalculator.aspx Health Reform Subsidy Calculator – Premium Assistance for Coverage in Exchanges/Gateways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422185025/http://healthreform.kff.org/SubsidyCalculator.aspx |date=2013-04-22 }}

* [http://www.castlibrary.com/free_books Three Days of Argument: Obamacare On Trial Audiobook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702224049/http://www.castlibrary.com/free_books |date=2014-07-02 }} – Complete coverage of the arguments to the Supreme Court regarding Obamacare

* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal_government/supreme-court-ruling-caps-a-century-of-american-debate-over-how-to-get-medical-care-for-all/2012/06/28/gJQA6XmP8V_story.html?tid=pm_politics_pop Supreme Court ruling caps a century of American debate over how to get medical care for all]{{Pranala mati|date=Juli 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} An [[Associated Press]] timeline published on June 28, 2012 by [[The Washington Post]] about key events in a century of debate over what role the government should play in helping people in the United States afford medical care

* [http://www.healthreformgps.org/ HealthReformGPS.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109133053/http://www.healthreformgps.org/ |date=2014-11-09 }} – Tracking and explanation of the law – as it is implemented – by analysts at the Hirsh Health Law and Policy program of the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services.

* [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111:HR03590:@@@L&summ2=m&summary Summary of H.R. 3590]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (March 23, 2010) via [[THOMAS]].