Fomepizol: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox drug
| type = <!-- empty -->
| image = Fomepizole.svg
| width = 125px
| alt = Rumus struktur fomepizol
| image2 = Fomepizole 3D ball.png
| width2 = 125px
| alt2 = Model bola dan batang molekul fomepizol
| caption = Struktur kimia fomepizol
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|oʊ|ˈ|m|ɛ|p|ɪ|z|oʊ|l|}}
| tradename = Antizol, dan lainnya
| Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|monograph|fomepizole}}
| MedlinePlus =
| licence_EU = <!-- EMA requires brand name -->
| licence_US = <!-- FDA may use generic name -->
| DailyMedID = Fomepizole
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A/B1/B2/B3/C/D/X -->
| pregnancy_AU_comment =
| pregnancy_US = C
| pregnancy_US_comment =
| pregnancy_category=
| dependency_liability =
| addiction_liability =
| routes_of_administration = [[Intravena]]
| ATCvet =
| ATC_prefix = V03
| ATC_suffix = AB34
| ATC_supplemental =
<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled -->
| legal_AU_comment =
| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_CA_comment =
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->
| legal_UK_comment =
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Antizol- fomepizole injection | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c045b5a8-b220-4f0a-a831-155b29c19454 | access-date=24 December 2020 | archive-date=2022-06-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626213628/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c045b5a8-b220-4f0a-a831-155b29c19454 | dead-url=no }}</ref>
| legal_EU =
| legal_EU_comment =
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above -->
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability =
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| metabolites =
| onset =
| elimination_half-life =
| duration_of_action =
| excretion =
<!-- Identifiers -->
| CAS_number = 7554-65-6
| CAS_supplemental = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 3406
| IUPHAR_ligand =
| DrugBank = DB01213
| ChemSpiderID = 3289
| UNII = 83LCM6L2BY
| KEGG = D00707
| ChEBI = 5141
| ChEMBL = 1308
| NIAID_ChemDB =
| synonyms = 4-Metilpirazol
<!-- Chemical data -->
| IUPAC_name = 4-Metil-1''H''-pirazol
| C=4 | H=6 | N=2
| SMILES = CC1=CNN=C1
| StdInChI = 1S/C4H6N2/c1-4-2-5-6-3-4/h2-3H,1H3,(H,5,6)
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RIKMMFOAQPJVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density = 0,99
| density_notes =
| melting_point =
| melting_high =
| melting_notes =
| boiling_point = 207
| boiling_notes = (pada 97,3 kPa)
| solubility =
| specific_rotation =
}}
'''Fomepizol''' atau '''4-metilpirazol''' adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati keracunan metanol dan [[Keracunan etilena glikol|etilena glikol]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Fomepizol dapat digunakan secara tunggal atau kombinasi dengan [[hemodialisis]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Obat ini diberikan melalui injeksi intravena.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Fomepizole|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/fomepizole.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003710/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/fomepizole.html|archive-date=21 Desember 2016|access-date=21 Oktober 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
Efek samping yang umum terjadi antara lain sakit kepala, mual, dan rasa kantuk.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Keamanan penggunaan fomepizol selama [[kehamilan]] masih belum diketahui secara pasti.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Mekanisme aksi fomepizol yakni
Fomepizol telah digunakan di Amerika Serikat sejak tahun 1997.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Fomepizol termasuk dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|year=2019|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|location=Jenewa|publisher=World Health Organization|hdl=10665/325771|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|author-link=World Health Organization|url-status=live|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
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Fomepizol menjadi inhibitor kompetitif alkohol dehidrogenase, sehingga dapat memperlambat proses metabolisme etilen glikol dan metanol. Lambatnya metabolit terbentuk memungkinkan hati untuk memproses dan mengeluarkan metabolit dari tubuh. Dikeluarkannya metabolit dari tubuh akan membatasi akumulasi metabolit toksik tersebut dalam jaringan seperti ginjal dan mata. Akibatnya, kerusakan organ bisa dihindari. <ref name="urlFomepizole for Ethylene Glycol and Methanol Poisoning">{{Cite journal|last=Brent|first=J|date=May 2009|title=Fomepizole for Ethylene Glycol and Methanol Poisoning|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=360|issue=21|pages=2216–23|doi=10.1056/NEJMct0806112|pmid=19458366}}</ref>
Fomepizol perlu diberikan segera setelah menelan etilen glikol atau metanol. Menunda pemberian dapat membahayakan jiwa karena akan membiarkan proses metabolisme berjalan dan menghasilkan metabolit yang berbahaya. <ref name="urlFomepizole for Ethylene Glycol and Methanol Poisoning"
== Efek samping ==
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== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]]
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