Front Pembebasan Rakyat Tigray: Perbedaan antara revisi

*[[Nasionalisme etnis|Nasionalisme]] [[suku Tigray]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Tefera Negash Gebregziabher|title=Ideology and power in TPLF's Ethiopia: A historic reversal in the making?|journal=African Affairs|year=2019|volume=118|issue=472|pages=463–484 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adz005|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zeit.de/1990/23/napalm-statt-hirse/komplettansicht|title=Napalm statt Hirse|trans-title=Napalm instead of millet|lang=de|newspaper=Die Zeit|date=1 June 1990|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line-->|url-access=registration|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613212518/https://www.zeit.de/1990/23/napalm-statt-hirse/komplettansicht|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/studien/2008_S26_web_ks.pdf|title=Kriege ohne Grenzen und das "erfolgreiche Scheitern" der Staaten am Horn von Afrika|trans-title=Wars without borders and the 'successful failure' of the states in the Horn of Africa|lang=de|website=Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik|location=Berlin|date=September 2008|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2021-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228040603/https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/studien/2008_S26_web_ks.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/10551/ssoar-afrspectrum-2005-2-smidt-parlamentswahlen_in_athiopien.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Parlamentswahlen in Äthiopien|trans-title=Parliamentary elections in Ethiopia|lang=de|website=Social Science Open Access Repository|date=2005|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203193630/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/10551/ssoar-afrspectrum-2005-2-smidt-parlamentswahlen_in_athiopien.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|dead-url=no}}</ref>

'''Front Pembebasan Rakyat Tigray''' ({{lang-ti|ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ ('''ህወሓት''')}}, ''ḥəzbawi wäyanä ḥarənnät təgray'', "Perjuangan Rakyat untuk Kebebasan Tigray", {{lang-en|Tigray People's Liberation Front}} disingkat '''TPLF''') adalah sebuah kelompok [[paramiliter]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Parkinson|first=Nicholas Bariyo and Joe|date=2020-11-29|title=Ethiopia’s Tigray Group, Once Powerful, Now Battles Government Forces in Bid for Survival|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ethiopias-tigray-group-once-powerful-now-battles-government-forces-in-bid-for-survival-11606677423|access-date=2021-03-27|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=2021-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310023632/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ethiopias-tigray-group-once-powerful-now-battles-government-forces-in-bid-for-survival-11606677423|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[partai politik]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diaspora Protesters in US, Canada Back Ethiopian Government’s Handling of Tigray Conflict {{!}} Voice of America – English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/diaspora-protesters-us-canada-back-ethiopian-governments-handling-tigray-conflict|access-date=2021-03-15|website=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210314021711/https://www.voanews.com/africa/diaspora-protesters-us-canada-back-ethiopian-governments-handling-tigray-conflict|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan bekas [[partai pemerintahan]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-25|title=Rise and fall of Ethiopia’s TPLF – from rebels to rulers and back|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/25/rise-and-fall-of-ethiopias-tplf-tigray-peoples-liberation-front|access-date=2021-03-27|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=2021-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215062140/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/25/rise-and-fall-of-ethiopias-tplf-tigray-peoples-liberation-front|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[nasionalisme etnis|nasionalis etnis]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Tefera Negash Gebregziabher|year=2019|title=Ideology and power in TPLF's Ethiopia: A historic reversal in the making?|journal=African Affairs|volume=118|issue=472|pages=463–484|doi=10.1093/afraf/adz005|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line-->|date=1 June 1990|title=Napalm statt Hirse|trans-title=Napalm instead of millet|newspaper=Die Zeit|url=https://www.zeit.de/1990/23/napalm-statt-hirse/komplettansicht|url-access=registration|lang=de|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613212518/https://www.zeit.de/1990/23/napalm-statt-hirse/komplettansicht|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=September 2008|title=Kriege ohne Grenzen und das "erfolgreiche Scheitern" der Staaten am Horn von Afrika|trans-title=Wars without borders and the 'successful failure' of the states in the Horn of Africa|url=https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/studien/2008_S26_web_ks.pdf|website=Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik|location=Berlin|lang=de|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2021-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228040603/https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/studien/2008_S26_web_ks.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2005|title=Parlamentswahlen in Äthiopien|trans-title=Parliamentary elections in Ethiopia|url=https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/10551/ssoar-afrspectrum-2005-2-smidt-parlamentswahlen_in_athiopien.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|website=Social Science Open Access Repository|lang=de|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203193630/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/10551/ssoar-afrspectrum-2005-2-smidt-parlamentswahlen_in_athiopien.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Etiopia]], yang didirikan pada 18 Februari 1975 di [[Dedebit (kota)|Dedebit]], barat laut [[provinsi Tigray|Tigray]],<ref name=":0">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2003|title=Tigray People's Liberation Front|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|location=Wiesbaden|date=}}</ref> menurut catatan resmi. Dalam kurun waktu 16 tahun, front tersebut berkembang dari selusin anggota menjadi gerakan pembebasan bersenjata paling kuat di Etiopia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ethiopia: Democratization and Unity: The Role of the Tigray People's Liberation Front|last=Berhe|first=Kahsay|year=2005|location=Münster}}</ref> Front tersebut memimpin koalisi gerakan bernama [[Front Demokrat Revolusioner Rakyat Etiopia]] dari 1989 sampai 2018. Front tersebut berjuang selama 15 tahun melawan rezim [[Derg]] Etiopia yang akhirnya digulingkan pada 1991. Berkat kemampuan perangnya yang besar, front tersebut memainkan peranan penting dalam menumbangkan Derg.<ref name="jamestown">Jamestown Foundation, 24 May: [https://jamestown.org/program/tigray-defense-forces-resist-ethiopian-army-offensive-as-sudan-eritrea-and-ethnic-militias-enter-the-fray/ Tigray Defense Forces Resist Ethiopian Army Offensive as Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethnic Militias Enter the Fray] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527120101/https://jamestown.org/program/tigray-defense-forces-resist-ethiopian-army-offensive-as-sudan-eritrea-and-ethnic-militias-enter-the-fray/ |date=2021-05-27 }}</ref>

[[Kategori:pendirianPendirian tahun 1975 di Etiopia]]