Fruktosa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477167440
| Name = <small>D</small>-Fruktosa
| ImageFileL1 = Skeletal Structure of Cyclic D-Fructose.svg
| ImageNameL1 = D-Fructofuranose
| ImageSizeL1 = 150px
| ImageFileR1 = D-Fructose.svg
| ImageSizeR1 = 60px
| ImageNameR1 = D-Fructose (open-chain form)
| ImageFile2 = Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg
| ImageName2 = Beta-D-Fructose structure
| ImageFile3 = Fructose 3D ball-and-stick model.png
| ImageName3 = Ball-and-stick model of D-fructose
| IUPACName = 1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-2-hexanone
| SystematicName = 1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-2-hexanone
| OtherNames = gula buah,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/fructose|title=Fructose – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary|publisher=Mw4.m-w.com|accessdate=10 December 2014|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605000940/http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/fructose|dead-url=yes}}</ref> levulosa,<ref>Levulose comes from the Latin word laevus, [[levo]], "left side", levulose is the old word for the most occurring [[isomer]] of fructose. D-fructose rotate plane-polarised light to the left, hence the name.[http://www.monashscientific.com.au/Levulose.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008032809/http://www.monashscientific.com.au/Levulose.htm |date=2009-10-08 }}.</ref> D-fruktofuranosa, D-fruktosa, D-arabino-heksulosa
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 388775
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 6YSS42VSEV
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 604608
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C02336
| InChI = 1/C6H12O6/c7-1-3-4(9)5(10)6(11,2-8)12-3/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1
| InChIKey = RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXBD
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3-4(9)5(10)6(11,2-8)12-3/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N
| CASNo = 57-48-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 5984
| EC-number = 200-333-3
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 28645
| SMILES = O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@]1(O)CO)CO
| ATCCode_prefix = V06
| ATCCode_suffix = DC02
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=6|H=12|O=6
| Density = 1.694 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = 103
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| LD50 = 15000 mg/kg (intravenous, rabbit)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/57-48-7|title=ChemIDplus – 57-48-7 – BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-UYFOZJQFSA-N – Fructose [USP:JAN] – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.|author=Michael Chambers|publisher=Chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=10 December 2014|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210194215/http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/57-48-7|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Fruktosa''' ({{lang-en|fructose, levulose}}), atau gula buah, adalah [[monosakarida]] yang ditemukan di banyak jenis tumbuhan dan merupakan salah satu dari tiga [[gula darah]] penting bersama dengan [[glukosa]] dan [[galaktosa]], yang bisa langsung diserap ke aliran darah selama [[pencernaan]]. Fruktosa ditemukan oleh [[kimiawan]] Prancis [[Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut]] pada tahun 1847.<ref>Fruton, J.S. Molecules of Life 1972, Wiley-Interscience</ref> Fruktosa murni rasanya sangat manis, warnanya putih, berbentuk kristal padat, dan sangat mudah larut dalam air.<ref Name=Hyvonen&Koivistoinen1982>{{Cite book|year=1982|author=Hyvonen, L., & Koivistoinen, P|chapter=Fructose in Food Systems|editor=Birch, G.G. & Parker, K.J|title=Nutritive Sweeteners|url=https://archive.org/details/nutritivesweeten0000unse|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nutritivesweeten0000unse/page/133 133]–144|place=London & New Jersey|publisher=Applied Science Publishers|isbn=0-85334-997-5|postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref>
Fruktosa ditemukan pada tanaman, terutama pada [[madu]], pohon buah, bunga, beri dan [[Sayur|sayuran]]. Di tanaman, fruktosa dapat berbentuk monosakarida dan/atau sebagai komponen dari [[sukrosa]]. Sukrosa merupakan molekul [[disakarida]] yang merupakan gabungan dari satu molekul [[glukosa]] dan satu molekul fruktosa.
== Properti kimia ==
Fruktosa adalah ''polihidroksiketon'' dengan 6 atom [[karbon]]. Fruktosa merupakan [[isomer]] dari [[glukosa]]; keduanya memiliki [[rumus molekul]] yang sama ([[Karbon|C]]<sub>6</sub>[[Hidrogen|H]]<sub>12</sub>[[Oksigen|O]]<sub>6</sub>) namun memiliki struktur yang berbeda.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cheeke|first=Peter R|date=2010|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1j2E4v1V9acC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Comparative Animal Nutrition and Metabolism|location=|publisher=CABI|isbn=9781780640679|pages=85|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-31|archive-date=2023-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726081312/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1j2E4v1V9acC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal|Kimia|Biologi}}
{{biologi-stub}}
{{Karbohidrat}}
[[Kategori:Monosakarida]]
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