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[[Berkas:Desertification map.png|jmpl|400px|Peta kerentanan
[[Berkas:ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg|jmpl|300px|Penyusutan [[Danau Chad]]. Danau ini telah menyusut sampai 95% sejak tahun 1960.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mayell, Hillary|title=Shrinking African Lake Offers Lesson on Finite Resources|work=National Geographic News|date=April 26, 2001|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/04/0426_lakechadshrinks.html|accessdate=20 June 2011}}</ref>]]
'''
== Definisi ==
Berbagai kontroversi hadir dalam menentukan definisi yang layak mengenai istilah
== Sejarah ==
[[Padang pasir]] yang diketahui saat ini terbentuk melalui proses alami dalam waktu yang sangat panjang. Selama waktu tersebut, padang pasir telah meluas dan menyusut tanpa peran campur tangan manusia. Padang pasir prasejarah berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan padang pasir terluas saat ini, yaitu Sahara, hingga dapat disebut sebagai [[lautan pasir]], yang kini stabil karena vegetasi.<ref name="Desertification">United States Geological Survey, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/ "Desertification"], 1997</ref>
Lahan kering menutupi 40-41% luas lahan di bumi<ref>Bauer (2007), [http://books.google.com/books?id=mR3E4xJFNw0C&pg=PA78 p. 78]</ref><ref name="johnson-1">Johnson et al (2006), [http://books.google.com/books?id=da6vhzHEpf0C&pg=PA1 p. 1]</ref> dan menjadi rumah bagi 2 miliar penduduk.<ref name="johnson-1" /> Diperkirakan 10-20% lahan kering telah terdegradasi.<ref name="holtz">
Tiga lokasi utama yang menjadi pusat peradaban pada zaman dahulu, yaitu Mediterania, Mesopotamia, dan dataran tinggi loessial di
== Penyebab ==
[[Berkas:Cabrasnortechico.JPG|jmpl|ka|250px|Sekawanan [[kambing]] di [[Norte Chico, Cili|Norte Chico]], [[Cili]]. [[Penggembalaan hewan]] yang berlebihan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama
Penyebab utama
== Mitigasi dan pencegahan ==
[[Berkas:North Sahara. Anti-sand shields.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|Pelindung
Metode untuk
[[Reforestasi|Penghutanan kembali]] mampu mencegah
Mitigasi dan pencegahan umumnya fokus pada dua aspek dasar, yaitu penyediaan air dan menyuburkan tanah. Penumbuhan vegetasi rintisan sedikit membantu kedua hal tersebut, yang pada akhirnya akan diikuti oleh vegetasi lain yang lebih besar dan memberikan manfaat lebih.
Memperbaiki kondisi tanah dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan vegetasi [[pemecah angin]]. Pemecah angin dibangun dari tegakkan pepohonan dan semak yang digunakan untuk mencegah [[erosi|pengikisan]] dan [[evapotranspirasi]] tanah yang tinggi.
Beberapa jenis tanah seperti [[tanah liat]] akan ter[[konsolidasi (tanah)|konsolidasi]] (tersatukan) (penurunan volume curah tanah) akibat minimnya keberadaan air. Pembajakan mampu mengembalikan [[porositas|keporosan]] dan volume tanah.<ref>[http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text.html Arid sandy soils becoming consolidated; zai-system]</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
[[Berkas:Soil erosion, Southfield - geograph.org.uk - 367917.jpg|jmpl|Erosi tanah di [[Leuchars]]]]
* [[Agroklimatologi]]
* [[
* [[
* [[
<!--* [[Soil retrogression and degradation]]-->
*
* [[Krisis air]]
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* [[Penghijauan gurun]]
* [[Teknik ekologis]]
* [[Tembok Hijau
* [[
==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
=== Bahan bacaan terkait ===
* {{cite book|author=Arnalds, Ólafur & Archer, Steve|title=Rangeland Desertification|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=978-0-7923-6071-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=E7kaBkPlJfAC}}
* Barbault R., Cornet A., Jouzel J., Mégie G., Sachs I., Weber J. (2002). Johannesburg. World Summit on Sustainable Development. 2002. What is at stake? The contribution of scientists to the debate. Ministère des Affaires étrangères/adpf.
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* {{cite book|authors=Hartman, Ingrid|chapter=Desertification|editor=Philander, S. George|title=Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change, Volume 1|publisher=SAGE|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4129-5878-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mNoW858izZcC&pg=PA312}}
* {{Cite book|authors=Hinman, C. Wiley & Hinman, Jack W.|title=The plight and promise of arid land agriculture|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-231-06612-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=dMmEjsySvrUC}}
* Holtz, Uwe (2007) ''[http://www.unccd.int/cop/cop8/docs/parl-disc.pdf Implementing the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification from a parliamentary point of view - Critical assessment and challenges ahead] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509022901/http://www.unccd.int/cop/cop8/docs/parl-disc.pdf |date=2016-05-09 }}''
* {{cite book|editors=Johnson, Pierre Marc et al.|title=Governing global desertification: linking environmental degradation, poverty and participation|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7546-4359-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=da6vhzHEpf0C}}
* Lucke, Bernhard (2007): Demise of the Decapolis. Past and Present Desertification in the Context of Soil Development, Land Use, and Climate. Online at [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3431]
* {{cite book|author=Mensah, Joseph|chapter=Desertification|editor=Leonard, Thomas M.|title=Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 1|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2006|isbn=978-0-415-97662-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&pg=PA452}}
* [[Millennium Ecosystem Assessment]] (2005) [http://millenniumassessment.org//proxy/document.355.aspx ''Desertification Synthesis Report''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614063156/http://millenniumassessment.org/proxy/document.355.aspx |date=2006-06-14 }}
* [[William G. Moseley|Moseley, W.G.]] and E. Jerme 2010. “Desertification.” In: Warf, B. (ed). Encyclopedia of Geography. Sage Publications. Volume 2, pp. 715–719.
* {{cite book|editor=Oliver, John E.|chapter=Desertification|title=Encyclopedia of world climatology|publisher=Springer|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4020-3264-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-mwbAsxpRr0C&pg=PA319}}
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* Reynolds, James F., and D. Mark Stafford Smith (ed.) (2002) ''Global Desertification – Do Humans Cause Deserts?'' Dahlem Workshop Report 88, [[Berlin]]: Dahlem University Press
* Stelt, Sjors van der (2012) ''Rise and Fall of Periodic Patterns for a Generalized Klausmeier-Gray-Scott Model'', PhD Thesis University of Amsterdam
* UNCCD (1994) [http://www.unccd.int/convention/text/convention.php United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124002610/http://www.unccd.int/convention/text/convention.php |date=2011-01-24 }}
* {{USGovernment|sourceURL=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/}}
== Pranala luar ==
* Beyerlin, Ulrich. [http://www.mpepil.com/sample_article?id=/epil/entries/law-9780199231690-e1571&recno=5& Desertification], Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
* {{cite web | title=City-swallowing Sand Dunes | url=http://exploration.nasa.gov/articles/06dec_dunes.html | first=Trudy | last=Bell | coauthors=Phillips, Tony, Dr. | date=December 6, 2002 | publisher=[[NASA]] | accessdate=2006-04-28 | archive-date=2006-06-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619162413/http://exploration.nasa.gov/articles/06dec_dunes.html | dead-url=yes }}
* [http://www.dri.edu/ Desert Research Institute] in Nevada, United States
* [http://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/environmental-issues/ Environmental Issues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111153436/http://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/environmental-issues/ |date=2012-01-11 }} - Desertification in Africa, The Environmental Blog
* [http://www.eden-foundation.org/project/desertif.html Eden Foundation article on desertification]
* [http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/drylands/index.htm FAO Information Portal - Properties and Management of Drylands]
* [[UNEP]] (2006): [http://www.unep.org/geo/gdoutlook/ ''Global Deserts Outlook''] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080317073608/http://www.unep.org/geo/gdoutlook/ |date=2008-03-17 }}
* [http://www.unep.org/desertification/successstories/ UNEP ''Programme on Success Stories in Land Degradation/ Desertification Control''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921214105/http://www.unep.org/desertification/successstories/ |date=2010-09-21 }}
* [[United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification]] - [http://www.unccd.int/ Secretariat]
* [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/unccd/unccd.html Procedural history and related documents] on the ''United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Dersertification, Particularly in Africa'' in the [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law]
* [http://www.desertrestore.org/ A guide for desert and dryland restoration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116170155/http://www.desertrestore.org/ |date=2011-11-16 }} by David A. Bainbridge
* [http://www.csf-desertification.eu French Scientific Committee on Desertification (CSFD)]
* [http://nocamels.com/2013/01/olive-trees-may-be-the-cure-for-desertification Olive Trees May Be The Answer To Desertification ]
* [http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36750 Fighting Desertification Through Conservation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313210051/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36750 |date=2007-03-13 }} Report on a project to stop the advance of the Sahara in [[Algeria]] - [[Inter Press Service|IPS]], 27 February 2007
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[[Kategori:Ilmu tanah lingkungan]]
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