Gat: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Tel-Zafit (1).JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|300px|Pemandangan bekas situs Gat, kota Filistin. Sekarang bernama "Tel-Zafit" atau "Tell es-Safi"]]

[[FileBerkas:Cafit030.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|300px|Penggalian arkeologi di Gat]]

'''Gat''' ({{lang-he|גַּת}}, ''Pemerasan anggur''; {{lang-la|Geth}}; {{lang-en|Gath}}) sering disebut '''Gat, kota orang Filistin''', adalah salah satu dari [[Pentapolis]] orang [[Filistin]] menurut catatan [[Alkitab Ibrani]] ataudan [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]]. Pada zaman raja [[Saul]], [[Daud]] dan [[Salomo]], raja kota Gat bernama [[Akhis]] bin Maokh (atau Maakha).<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Samuel 21:10}}</ref><ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 2:39}}</ref> Gat adalah kota asal [[Goliat]]<ref name=goliat>[[1 Samuel 17|Kitab ]] {{Alkitab|1 Samuel 17:4}}</ref> dan juga [[Itai]] yang bersama 600 tentaranya menjadi orang kepercayaan [[Daud]] ketika melarikan diri dari [[Absalom]].<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Samuel 15:18-19}}</ref> Daud melarikan diri dan menetap di Gat ketika melarikan diri dari kejaran raja Saul.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Samuel 27:3}}</ref> Pada zaman Salomo, Simei pergi ke raja Akhis di Gat untuk menjemput hambanya yang melarikan diri ke Gat.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 2:39-40}}</ref> Pada zaman [[Yoas (raja Yehuda)]], majulah Hazael, raja Aram, diperanginyalah Gat dan direbutnya.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja Raja 12:17}}</ref> Penggalian arkeologi di lokasi kota itu menunjukkan bukti peperangan dan kehancuran pada akhir abad ke-9 tersebut. Kota Gat juga disebut dalam [[surat-surat Amarna]] sebagai '''Gimti/Gintu''', yang diperintah oleh raja Šuwardata (Shuwardata) dan kemungkinan oleh Abdi-Ashtart.

Nama Gat diberikan pada sejumlah tempat dan kota di sekitar wilayah orang Filistin. Di [[Alkitab]] tercatat kota-kota bernama: Gat-Rimon, Gat-Gittaim, dan Gat-Karmel. '''Gitit''' adalah sebutan bahasa Ibrani untuk penduduk Gat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/gittite.html|title=Gittite|publisher=WebBible Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-02-26|archive-date=2008-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316113655/http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/gittite.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

[[FileBerkas:PikiWiki Israel 5637 tel zafit.jpg|thumbjmpl|Blanche Garde, Tel Tzafit]]

Saat ini lokasi kota kuno Gat menjadi lokasi penggalian arkeologi dan bagian dari ''Tel Tzafit National Park.''<ref name=Hartman>[http://www.jpost.com/Features/InThespotlight/Article.aspx?id=182962 "Temple found in Philistine home of Goliath, Kiryat Gat discovery sheds light on Samson,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020031747/http://www.jpost.com/Features/InThespotlight/Article.aspx?id=182962 |date=2012-10-20 }} Ben Hartman, July 29, 2010, Jerusalem Post.</ref>

* Ackermann, O., Maeir, A., and Bruins, H. 2004. Unique Human-Made Catenary Changes and Their Effect on Soil and Vegetation in the Semi-Arid Mediterranean Zone: A Case Study on Sarcopterium Spinosum Distribution Near Tell es-Sâfi/Gath, Israel. ''Catena'' 57: 309-30

* Ackermann, O., Bruins, H., and Maeir, A. 2005. A Unique Human-Made Trench at Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: Anthropogenic Impact and Landscape Response. ''Geoarchaeology'' 20(3): 303-28

* Avissar, R., Uziel, J., and Maeir, A. 2007. Tell es-Safi/Gath During the Persian Period. Pp.&nbsp;65–115 in ''A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbors in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods'', ed. Y. Levin. London: T&T Clark International.

* Ben-Shlomo, D., Shai, I., Zukerman, A., and Maeir, A. 2008. Cooking Identities: Aegean-Style and Philistine Cooking Jugs and Cultural Interaction in the Southern Levant During the Iron Age. ''[[American Journal of Archaeology]]'' 112: 225–46.

* Horwitz, L., Lev-Tov, J., Chadwick, J., Wimmer, S., and Maeir, A. 2006. Working Bones: A Unique Iron Age IIA Bone Workshop from Tell es-Safi/Gath. ''Near Eastern Archaeology'' 66: 169–73.

* Maeir, A. 2003. Notes and News: Tell es-Safi. ''[[Israel Exploration Journal]]'' 53(3): 237-46

* Idem. 2004. The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological Perspective from Tell es-Safi/Gath. ''[[Vetus Testamentum]]'' 54(3): 319-34

* Idem. 2005. Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project. ''Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes'' 9/10: 185-86

* Idem. 2007. Ten Years of Excavations at Biblical Gat Plishtim (In Hebrew). ''Qadmoniot'' 133: 15–24.

* Idem. 2007. A New Interpretation of the Term `Opalim (עפלים) in Light of Recent Archaeological Finds from Philistia. ''[[Journal for the Study of the Old Testament]]'' 32: 23–40.

* Idem. 2008. Fragments of Stone Reliefs from Bliss and Macalister’s Excavations at Tell es-Safi/Gath (In Hebrew with English Abstract). ''Eretz Israel (E. Stern Volume)'' 28.

* Maeir, A. and Ehrlich, C. 2001. Excavating Philistine Gath: Have We Found Goliath’s Hometown? ''[[Biblical Archaeology Review]]'' 27(6): 22-31

* Maeir, A., and Shai, I. 2007. An Iron Age IIA Phoenician-Style (?) Fluted Ceramic Bowl from Tell es-Safi/Gath: A Ceramic Imitation of a Metal Prototype. ''Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society'' 23: 219–26.

* Maeir, A., and Uziel, J. 2007. A Tale of Two Tells: A Comparative Perspective on Tel Miqne-Ekron and Tell es-Sâfi/Gath in Light of Recent Archaeological Research. Pp.&nbsp;29–42 in ''Up to the Gates of Ekron”: Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin'', eds. S. Crawford, A. Ben-Tor, J. Dessel, W. Dever, A. Mazar and J. Aviram. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.

* Maeir, A., Wimmer, S., Zukerman, A., and Demsky, A. 2008. A Late Iron Age I/Early Iron Age II Old Canaanite Inscription from Tell eṣ-Ṣâfī/Gath, Israel: Palaeography, Dating, and Historical-Cultural Significance. ''[[Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research]]''.

* Uziel, J., and Maeir, A. 2005. Scratching the Surface at Gath: Implications of the Tell es-Safi/Gath Surface Survey. ''Tel Aviv'' 32(1): 50-75.

* Wimmer, S., and Maeir, A. 2007. The Prince of Safit: A Late Bronze Age Hieratic Inscription from Tell Es-Sâfi/Gath. ''Zeitschrift Des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins'' 123(1): 37–48.

* Zukerman, A. H., L.K., Lev-Tov, J., and Maeir, A. 2007. A Bone of Contention? Iron Age IIA Notched Scapulae from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel. ''[[Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research]]'' 347: 57–81.

* [http://www.dig-gath.org/ Tell es-Safi website] {{Webarchive|url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20090419223353/http://www.dig-gath.org/ |date=2009-04-19 }}

* [http://gath.wordpress.com/ Tell es-Safi weblog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917160455/http://gath.wordpress.com/ |date=2020-09-17 }}