Gedung MetLife: Perbedaan antara revisi

== Sejarah ==

MetLife Building (sebelumnya [[Pan Am]] Building) merupakan gedung perkantoran komersial terbesar di dunia ketika dibuka pada tanggal 7 Maret 1963.<ref>Horsley, Carter C. [http://www.thecityreview.com/panam.html The MetLife Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228072809/http://www.thecityreview.com/panam.html |date=2021-02-28 }}, The Midtown Book. Accessed September 30, 2007. "When it was completed, the {{convert|2400000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}. building became the world's largest office building in bulk, a title it would lose a few years later to 55 Water Street downtown."</ref> Gedung ini mudah dikenali di kaki langit [[Manhattan]] dan merupakan satu dari [[lima puluh bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat]]. Gedung ini menghadapi ketidakpopuleran besar ketika pertama kali dibangun, dan dideskripsikan sebagai sebuah 'raksasa jelek', karena ketiadaan proporsi dan ukurannya yang besar - gedung ini mendominasi New York Central Building di utara dan Grand Central Terminal di selatan.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}

[[FileBerkas:MetLife from Empire State Building.jpg|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|250px|MetLife Building dilihat dari [[Empire State Building]]]][[Pan American World Airways]] adalah pemilik bangunan ini selama beberapa tahun. Logonya muncul di fasad utara dan selatan bangunan dan logo globenya di fasad timur dan barat bangunan. MetLife Building adalah menara tinggi terakhir yang dibangun di New York City sebelum pengesahan hukum yang melarang penempatan logo dan nama perusahaan di puncak bangunan.<ref>Schneider, Daniel B. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E6DA1739F936A35752C0A961958260 "F.Y.I."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729191554/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/nyregion/fyi-015148.html |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 5, 1997. Accessed September 30, 2007. "Q. I recall that it was 1963 when the huge Pan Am letters were put atop what is now the Met Life building and that it was 1992 when they were taken down.... A. Most of the letters and the accompanying logos did not survive removal; exceptions are in warehouses.... The letters, each about {{convert|15|ft|m}} tall, and the logos -- {{convert|25|ft|m|sing=on}}-wide globes -- had to be cut into sections and pulled up onto the roof by technicians from Universal Unlimited, who built and installed their replacements, the Met Life signs."</ref>

Pan Am awalnya hanya menempati 15 lantai di Pan Am Building. [[Metropolitan Life Insurance Company]] membeli Pan Am Building dari Pan Am pada tahun 1981; kantor pusat Pan Am masih di gedung ini. Pada tahun 1991, Pan Am hanya memiliki 4 lantai; pada tahun itu Pan Am memindahkan kantor pusatnya ke Miami. Tidak beerapa lama kemudian, maskapai tersebut berhenti beroperasi. Pada 3 September 1992, MetLife mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan memindahkan papan Pan Am dari gedung ini. Robert G. Schwartz, ketua, pimpinan eksekutif, dan presiden MetLife, mengatakan bahwa perusahaan ini memutuskan untuk memindahkan papan Pan Am sejak maskapai tersebut berhenti beroperasi. Pada waktu itu, MetLife berkantor pusat di [[Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower]].<ref>Dunlap, David W. "[http://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/04/nyregion/final-pan-am-departure.html Final Pan Am Departure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405132131/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/04/nyregion/final-pan-am-departure.html |date=2023-04-05 }}." ''[[The New York Times]]''. Friday September 4, 1992. Retrieved on August 25, 2009.</ref>

Pada tahun 2005, MetLife menjual bangunan ini dengan nilai $1,72 miliar, nilai bangunan perkantoran tertinggi di Amerika Serikat pada masa itu. Pembelinya adalah gabungan [[Tishman Speyer Properties]], New York City Employees' Retirement System, dan New York City Teachers' Retirement System.<ref>Ramirez, Anthony. "[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901E5DA113FF931A35757C0A9639C8B63 MetLife Sells 2nd Building, A Landmark On Park Ave.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044033/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901E5DA113FF931A35757C0A9639C8B63 |date=2017-12-01 }}" ''[[The New York Times]]''. April 2, 2005. Retrieved on August 25, 2009.</ref>

[[FileBerkas:Pan Am Building, NYC, 1980s.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|250px|Pemandangan MetLife Building dan [[Grand Central Terminal]] ketika bangunan ini masih dikenal sebagai Pan Am Building]]

== Layanan helikopter ==

Sebelumnya di gedung ini terdapat layanan [[helikopter]] menuju terminal Pan Am di [[Bandar Udara Internasional John F. Kennedy]], sebuah penerbangan berdurasi 7-10 menit dari [[helipad]] di puncak bangunan. Penerbangan [[New York Airways]] Vertol 107 berlangsung sejak 21 Desember 1965 hingga 18 Februari 1968; penerbangan S-61 beroperasi selama beberapa bulan pada tahun 1977, berakhir setelah sebuah kecelakaan di atas bangunan menewaskan lima orang.<ref>Schneider, Daniel B. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2D6143EF936A15754C0A96F958260 "F.Y.I."], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729191543/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/25/nyregion/fyi-729590.html |date=2023-07-29 }}, July 25, 1999. Accessed September 30, 2007. "Q. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, helicopters bound for Kennedy International Airport used to take off from a deck atop the old Pan Am Building. Why was the service halted? A. As many as 360 helicopter flights a day were planned by New York Airways after the 59-story Pan Am building was completed in 1963, but a bitter public outcry delayed the first few flights until Dec. 21, 1965.... The operation proved unprofitable, however, since the helicopters carried an average of only eight passengers, and the heliport, which had cost $1 million to build, closed in 1968.... After another round of hearings -- and renewed protests -- flights resumed in February 1977. Three months later, the landing gear on one of the Sikorsky S-61 helicopters collapsed while passengers were boarding, flipping it on its side and sending a 20-foot rotor blade skidding across the roof and over the west parapet wall. Within hours, the heliport was closed indefinitely."</ref><ref>Hudson, Edward. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40615FF3A5C147493C4A81789D85F4C8685F9 "Helicopter Service From Roof Of Pan Am Building Suspended; PAN AM SUSPENDS COPTER SERVICES"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512175539/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40615FF3A5C147493C4A81789D85F4C8685F9 |date=2013-05-12 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 19, 1968. Accessed September 30, 2007. "Helicopter operations from the 59-story roof of the Pan Am Building were suspended last night as a result of a dispute over the future financial support of the operation by Pan American World Airways."</ref>

Pada 16 Mei 1977, satu menit setelah [[Sikorsky S-61L]] mendarat dan 20 penumpangnya keluar, [[roda pendaratan]] kanan depan patah, sehingga menyebabkan helikopter jatuh ke kanan dengan [[baling-baling]] yang masih berputar. Satu dari lima baling sepanjang 20 kaki patah dan terbang ke kerumunan penumpang yang menunggu untuk naik. Tiga pria tewas seketika dan satu orang lainnya meninggal kemudian di rumah sakit. Baling tersebut jatuh dan menewaskan seorang pejalan kaki di sudut [[Madison Avenue]] dan [[43rd Street (Manhattan)|43rd Street]]. Dua orang lainnya luka parah.<ref>NTSB. [http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/record/tris/01077007.html Aircraft Accident Report - New York Airways, Inc., Sikorsky S-61L, N619PA Pan Am Building Heliport, New York, New York, May 16, 1977] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108084246/http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/record/tris/01077007.html |date=2019-11-08 }}. ([http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR77-09.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930023757/http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR77-09.pdf |date=2007-09-30 }})</ref><ref name="19770517+Beaver+Helicopter">UPI. Helicopter Crash Kills Five. ''[[Beaver County (Pa.) Times]]'': Tuesday, 17 May 1977, A-13.</ref>

== Insiden ==

== Budaya masyarakat ==

Sebagai sebuah markah tanah New York yang terkenal, gedung ini terlihat di beberapa film seperti ''[[Coogan's Bluff (film)|Coogan's Bluff]]'', ''[[The French Connection]],'' ''[[Armageddon (film 1998)|Armageddon]]'', ''[[Catch Me If You Can]]'', ''[[Godzilla (film 1998)|Godzilla]]'', dan ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''. Gedung ini juga terlihat didalam permainan video ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' terbitan [[Rockstar Games]] dalam bentuk parodi bernama ''GetaLife Building'', dan juga ''[[Crysis 2]]'', ketika gedung ini terkena tembakan artileri alien dan runtuh menimpa gedung [[Grand Central Terminal]]. Gedung ini juga terlihat di film ''[[Knowing (film)|Knowing]]'', ketika hancur bersama seluruh [[New York City]], dan film ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]'' (2009), ketika Megatron memerintahkan Starscream untuk melancarkan serangan penuh terhadap planet ini. Gedung ini ditampilkan pada periode [[60-an]] dengan logo PAN AM di serial televisi ABC, [[Pan Am (serial TV)|Pan Am]].

== Penyewa ==

== Lihat pula ==

* [[Bangunan dan arsitektur New York City]]

* [[Daftar bangunan tinggi New York City]]

== Catatan kaki ==

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://www.tishmanspeyer.com/properties/Property.aspx?id=57 Official page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928185557/http://www.tishmanspeyer.com/properties/Property.aspx?id=57 |date=2011-09-28 }}

* [http://www.in-arch.net/NYC/nyc3.html#54 in-Arch.net: The Pan Am/MetLife Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154817/http://www.in-arch.net/NYC/nyc3.html#54 |date=2011-07-23 }}

* [http://www.panamair.org/History/Building/oldbuild.jpg Picture with old logo and helicopter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831015053/http://www.panamair.org/History/Building/oldbuild.jpg |date=2008-08-31 }}

* [http://www.thecityreview.com/panam.html The Midtown Book] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228072809/http://www.thecityreview.com/panam.html |date=2021-02-28 }}

* ''[http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/?tid=10235&ttype=2 The Pan Am Building and the Shattering of the Modernist Dream] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008094841/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/?tid=10235&ttype=2 |date=2012-10-08 }}'' by Meredith L. Clausen (MIT Press catalog entry)

* [http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR77-09.pdf NTSB accident report of the helicopter accident in 1977] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930023757/http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR77-09.pdf |date=2007-09-30 }}

[[Kategori:Penerbangan di Kota New York City]]