Gerakan Anti-Apartheid: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Gerakan Anti-Apartheid''', yang aslinya dikenal sebagai '''Gerakan Boikot''', adalah sebuah organisasi Inggris yang merupakan pusat gerakan internasional melawan [[apartheid|sistem apartheid]] Afrika Selatan dan mendukung ras non-kulit putih Afrika Selatan.<ref name=Lisson>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/aam/dissertation.htm "The Anti-Apartheid Movement, Britain and South Africa: Anti-Apartheid Protest vs Real Politik"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607210339/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/aam/dissertation.htm |date=2007-06-07 }}, Arianna Lisson, PhD Dissertation, 15 September 2000.</ref>

== Sejarah ==

=== Sebuah organisasi boikot konsumen ===

Dalam menanggapi sebuah kebijakan yang dibuat oleh [[Albert Luthuli]], Gerakan Boikot didirikan di [[London]] pada 26 Juni 1959 di sebuah pertemuan orang-orang yang diasingkan dari [[Afrika Selatan]] dan para pendukung mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title= Catalogue of the archive of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1956-98|publisher=Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies|url=http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/rhodes/aam/aam.html|access-date=2016-07-05|archive-date=2007-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607042030/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/rhodes/aam/aam.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Para anggotanya meliputi [[Peter Koinange]], [[Claudia Jones]], Steve Naidoo dan [[Ros Ainslie]].<ref>Stefan Manz and Panikos Panayi (eds), [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=peaMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT237&lpg=PT237&dq=%22ros+ainslie%22+%22peter+koinange%22&source=bl&ots=1S-XD2LzFi&sig=RooM738bINHQdhgqWIoAqsjotvY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sFFRU8DnG4SX4wS04YGgCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22ros%20ainslie%22%20%22peter%20koinange%22&f=false ''Refugees and Cultural Transfer to Britain''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801021623/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=peaMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT237&lpg=PT237&dq=%22ros+ainslie%22+%22peter+koinange%22&source=bl&ots=1S-XD2LzFi&sig=RooM738bINHQdhgqWIoAqsjotvY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sFFRU8DnG4SX4wS04YGgCw#v=onepage&q=%22ros%20ainslie%22%20%22peter%20koinange%22&f=false |date=2023-08-01 }}, Routledge, 2013, p. 163.</ref>

==Lihat pulaReferensi ==

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://cgs.illinois.edu/resources/webvideo/librarians-and-readers-south-african-anti-apartheid-struggle Librarians and Readers in the South African Anti-Apartheid Struggle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626204229/http://cgs.illinois.edu/resources/webvideo/librarians-and-readers-south-african-anti-apartheid-struggle |date=2010-06-26 }}. Lecture give by Archie Dick, George A. Miller Endowment Professor. 30 January 2007. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

* [http://word.chaos.co.za/2008/03/11/proudly-south-african-3 Letter of Anti-Apartheid Movement to Dr HF Verwoerd]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Dated 4 March 1961

* '''South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid, Building Democracy'''[http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201155536/http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/ |date=2016-12-01 }}: A curricular resource for schools and colleges on the struggle to overcome apartheid and build democracy in South Africa, with 45 streamed interviews with South Africans in the struggle, many historical documents and photographs, and educational activities for teachers & students.

* '''African Activist Archive'''[http://africanactivist.msu.edu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720005654/http://africanactivist.msu.edu/ |date=2011-07-20 }}: An online archive of materials of the solidarity movement in the U.S. that supported the struggle against apartheid and for African freedom, including documents, posters, streamed interviews, T-shirts, photographs, campaign buttons, and remembrances.

* '''Community Video Education Trust'''[http://www.cvet.org.za/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610100719/https://cvet.org.za/ |date=2023-06-10 }}: A digital archive of 90 hours of videos taken in South Africa in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This raw footage documents anti-apartheid demonstrations, speeches, mass funerals, celebrations, and interviews with activists that capture the activism of trade unions, students and political organisations, including the activities of the United Democratic Front.

== Bacaan tambahan ==

* [http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/aam/symposium.html "The Anti-Apartheid Movement: A 40-year Perspective"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509010117/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/aam/symposium.html |date=2007-05-09 }}

* [http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?include=docs/misc/2000/dissertation.htm "The Anti-Apartheid Movement, Britain and South Africa: Anti-Apartheid Protest vs Real Politik"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629171615/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?include=docs%2Fmisc%2F2000%2Fdissertation.htm |date=2011-06-29 }}, Arianna Lisson, PhD Dissertation, 15 September 2000

* [http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/rhodes/aam/aam.html Bodleian Library's Catalogue of the archive of the Anti-Apartheid Movement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607042030/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/rhodes/aam/aam.html |date=2007-06-07 }}