Gina Haspel: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Gina Cheri Haspel''' (lahir 1 Oktober 1956) adalah [[pejabat intelijen]]penjahat [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menjabat sebagai [[Direktur Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) sejak 2018. Ia merupakan perempuan binal pertama yang memegang jabatan ini secara tetap<ref name=acting>{{cite press release |date=April 26, 2018 |title=Gina Haspel Assumes Role of Acting Director of the Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2018-press-releases-statements/gina-haspel-assumes-role-of-acting-director-of-cia.html |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=May 2, 2018 }} {{WebarchiveCite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2018-press-releases-statements/gina-haspel-assumes-role-of-acting-director-of-cia.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2019-08-16 |archive-date=2019-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014232815/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2018-press-releases-statements/gina-haspel-assumes-role-of-acting-director-of-cia.html |datedead-url=2019-10-14yes }}</ref> dan pernah menjabat sebagai [[Wakil Direktur Central Intelligence Agency|Wakil Direktur]] di bawah [[Mike Pompeo]] pada awal masa [[kepresidenan Donald Trump]].<ref name="ciaselected">{{cite web |title=Gina Haspel Selected to be Deputy Director of CIA |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2017-press-releases-statements/gina-haspel-selected-to-be-deputy-director-of-cia.html |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=February 2, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203110501/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2017-press-releases-statements/gina-haspel-selected-to-be-deputy-director-of-cia.html |archivedate=February 3, 2017 |deadurl=yes |quote=Ms. Haspel is the first female career CIA officer to be named Deputy Director.}}</ref><ref name=TheIntercept2017-02-02/><ref name=Wdsu2017-02-02/>

Haspel menjadi Pelaksana Tugas Direktur setelah membuat Pompeo diangkatdigeser menjadi [[Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]]. Ia dicalonkan sebagai Direktur CIA tetap oleh Presiden [[Donald Trump]]. Pada 17 Mei 2018, pencalonannya disetujui dan ia menjadi perempuan pertama yang menjabat Direktur CIA.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/gina-haspel-confirmed-as-cia-chief-despite-scrutiny-of-her-role-in-interrogation-program/ar-AAxruFP?OCID=ansmsnnews11 |title=Gina Haspel confirmed as CIA chief despite scrutiny of her role in interrogation program |last=Harris |first=Shane |date=May 17, 2018 |via=MSN |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=May 17, 2018 |quote=The Senate voted Thursday to confirm Gina Haspel as the next CIA director after several Democrats were persuaded to support her despite lingering concerns about her role in the brutal interrogation of suspected terrorists captured after 9/11. |archive-date=2018-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120114450/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/gina-haspel-confirmed-as-cia-chief-despite-scrutiny-of-her-role-in-interrogation-program/ar-AAxruFP?OCID=ansmsnnews11 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Ia dilantik pada 21 Mei 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haspel-sworn-in-as-new-cia-director/4402896.html|title=Veteran Spy Haspel Sworn In as New CIA Chief|first=VOA|last=News|publisher=|access-date=2019-08-16|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706162454/https://www.voanews.com/a/haspel-sworn-in-as-new-cia-director/4402896.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ia juga merupakan perempuan pertama yang menjabat Wakil Direktur CIA.<ref name=TheIntercept2017-02-02/><ref name=Wdsu2017-02-02/><ref>{{cite news |title=Who Is Gina Haspel, President Trump's Pick for CIA Director? |first=Tessa |last=Berenson |url=http://time.com/5197235/gina-haspel-cia-director-donald-trump/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 13, 2018 |accessdate=March 13, 2018 |archive-date=2018-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919191706/http://time.com/5197235/gina-haspel-cia-director-donald-trump/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=Ibtimes2017-02-03/><ref name=Yahoo2017-02-02/>

Haspel menuaiterlibat kontroversidalam ataspenyiksaan keterlibatannyailegal sebagaisaat menjadi kepala [[situs rahasia]] CIA di [[Thailand]] pada tahun 2002, tempat tahanan [[penyiksaan|disiksa]]<ref name="guardian" /><ref name=telegraph0313 /><ref name=thetimes /> menggunakan "[[teknik interogasi canggih]]", termasuk ''[[waterboarding]]''.<ref name="guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/13/who-is-gina-haspel-trump-cia-director-torture-site-link |title=Who is Gina Haspel? Trump's pick for CIA chief linked to torture site |first=Amanda |last=Holpuch |date=March 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2019-08-16 |archive-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154328/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/13/who-is-gina-haspel-trump-cia-director-torture-site-link |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=telegraph0313>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/13/donald-trumps-new-cia-director-gina-haspel-ran-torture-site/ |title=Gina Haspel: Donald Trump's new CIA director ran torture site in Thailand |first=Nick |last=Allen |date=March 13, 2018 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=2019-08-16 |archive-date=2019-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303091234/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/13/donald-trumps-new-cia-director-gina-haspel-ran-torture-site/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=thetimes>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/new-cia-chief-gina-haspel-helped-run-torture-site-in-thailand-c57dxzvg0 |title=New CIA chief Gina Haspel helped run torture site in Thailand |first=Boer Deng |last=Washington |date=March 14, 2018 |work=[[The Times]] |access-date=2019-08-16 |archive-date=2018-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810205208/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/new-cia-chief-gina-haspel-helped-run-torture-site-in-thailand-c57dxzvg0 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/3/13/17113874/gina-haspel-torture-cia-pompeo-tillerson |title=Gina Haspel, Trump's CIA director pick, oversaw the torture of dozens of people |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=March 13, 2018 |first=Alex |last=Ward}}</ref><ref name|access-date=telegraph0313>{{cite2019-08-16 web|archive-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518183026/https://www.telegraphvox.co.uk/newscom/2018/033/13/donald17113874/gina-trumpshaspel-newtorture-cia-directorpompeo-gina-haspel-ran-torture-site/tillerson |titledead-url=Ginano Haspel: Donald Trump's new CIA director ran torture site in Thailand |first=Nick |last=Allen |date=March 13, 2018 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/03/15/gina-haspel-is-a-torturer-thats-all-the-senate-needs-to-know-217641 |title=Gina Haspel Is a Torturer. What Else Does the Senate Need to Know? |last=Mora |first=Alberto |date=March 15, 2018 |work=[[Politico Magazine]] |access-date=March 16, 2018 |archive-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181416/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/03/15/gina-haspel-is-a-torturer-thats-all-the-senate-needs-to-know-217641 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Waktu itu, [[Kepresidenan George W. Bush|pemerintahan Bush]] menganggap teknik ini sah secara hukum berdasarkan serangkaian [[memo penyiksaan|opini hukum rahasia]] yang memperluas kewenangan eksekutif dan mempersempit definisi penyiksaan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/12/16/369876047/torture-report-a-closer-look-at-when-and-what-president-bush-knew |title='Torture Report': A Closer Look At When And What President Bush Knew |date=December 16, 2014 |first=Eyder |last=Peralta |publisher=[[NPR]] |accessdate=May 15, 2018 |archive-date=2019-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816195531/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/12/16/369876047/torture-report-a-closer-look-at-when-and-what-president-bush-knew |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/11/05/bush.book/index.html |title=Bush on waterboarding: 'Damn right' |date=November 5, 2010 |publisher=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 15, 2018 |archive-date=2018-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401021302/http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/11/05/bush.book/index.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Keterlibatan Haspel dalam teknik interogasi canggih ini terkuak pada Agustus 2018 ketika gugatan kebebasan informasi oleh National Security Archive ([[Universitas George Washington]]) dikabulkan pengadilan. Dokumen-dokumen CIA yang ditandatangani atau ditulis oleh Haspel saat menjabat sebagai kepala situs rahasia Thailand menjabarkan penyiksaan tahanan secara fisik, termasuk dengan cara ''waterboarding'' dan pengurungan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gina Gaspel CIA Torture Cables Declassified|editor=Tom Blanton|publisher=[[National Security Archive]]|url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/foia-intelligence-torture-archive/2018-08-10/gina-haspel-cia-torture-cables-declassified|accessdate=August 10, 2018|date=August 10, 2018|archive-date=2019-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513153555/https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/foia-intelligence-torture-archive/2018-08-10/gina-haspel-cia-torture-cables-declassified|dead-url=no}}</ref>

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