Bahasa Amami Oshima Selatan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
fonologi |
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Baris 4:
| ethnicity = [[Orang Ryukyu|Suku Ryukyu]]
| states = [[Jepang]]
| region = [[Setouchi, Kagoshima|Setouchi]] dan [[Koniya, Kagoshima|Koniya]], [[Prefektur Kagoshima]]
| iso3 = ams
| glotto = sout2954
Baris 22:
Menurut ''[[Ethnologue]]'', ada 1.800 penutur bahasa Amami Ōshima Selatan,<ref name=e25/> sedangkan bahasa Amami Oshima Utara memiliki 10.000 penutur.<ref name=":2" /> Dua dialek tersebut terancam punah, karena generasi muda menuturkan [[Bahasa Jepang|bahasa Jepang Baku]] atau [[dialek bahasa Jepang]] setempat yang disebut sebagai [[Bahasa Jepang Amami|Ton-futsūgo]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Heinrich|first=Patrick|date=2014-08-25|title=Use them or lose them: There's more at stake than language in reviving Ryukyuan tongues|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2014/08/25/voices/use-lose-theres-stake-language-reviving-ryukyuan-tongues/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Mark|title=Studies of Ryukyu-substrate Japanese|url=https://www.academia.edu/41138518|journal=Routledge Handbook of Japanese Sociolinguistics|date=January 2019 |language=en|pages=441–457|doi=10.4324/9781315213378-28 |isbn=9781315213378 |s2cid=196922667 }}</ref>
== Fonologi ==
=== Konsonan ===
{| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align: center;"
|+Konsonan bahasa Amami Oshima Selatan di [[Koniya, Kagoshima|Koniya]]<ref name="hirayama1966">{{cite book |editor=Hirayama Teruo 平山輝男 | title=''Ryūkyū hōgen no sōgōteki kenkyū'' 琉球方言の総合的研究 |year=1966 |language=ja|display-editors=etal}}</ref>
|-
!
! colspan=3 | [[Konsonan dwibibir|Dwibibir]]
! colspan=3 | [[Konsonan alveolar|Alveolar]]
! colspan=3 | [[Konsonan postalveolar|Pasca-<br/>alveolar]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Konsonan langit-langit|Palatal]]
! colspan=3 | [[Konsonan langit-langit belakang|Velar]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Konsonan celah suara|Glotal]]
|-
!
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|LEN]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|FOR]]</small>
!<small>[[Suara (fonetik)|VOX]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|LEN]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|FOR]]</small>
!<small>[[Suara (fonetik)|VOX]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|LEN]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|FOR]]</small>
!<small>[[Suara (fonetik)|VOX]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|LEN]]</small>
!<small>[[Fortis dan lenis|FOR]]</small>
!<small>[[Suara (fonetik)|VOX]]</small>
|-
! [[Konsonan sengau|Sengau]]
| width="20px" style="border-right: 0;" | || width="20px" style="border-left: 0; border-right: 0;" | || width="20px" style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA|m}}
| width="20px" style="border-right: 0;" | || width="20px" style="border-left: 0; border-right: 0;" | || width="20px" style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA|n}}
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Konsonan letup|Letup]]
|style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|pʰ}}||style="border-left: 0; border-right: 0"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|b}}
|style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|tʰ}}||style="border-left: 0; border-right: 0"|t˭ ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|d}}
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=2 |
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|kʰ}}||width=20px style="border-left: 0; border-right: 0;"|k˭ ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|ɡ}}
|style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|ʔ}}||style="border-left: 0;"|
|-
! [[Konsonan gesek|Gesek]]
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=3 |
|style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}}||style="border-left: 0;border-right: 0;"|t͡ʃ˭ ||style="border-left: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
! [[Frikatif]]
| colspan=3 |
|style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|s}}||style="border-left: 0;border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|({{IPA|z}})
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=3 |
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|h}}||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|
|-
! [[Konsonan hampiran|Hampiran]]
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=3 |
|style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|j}}
|style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|w}}
| colspan=2 |
|-
! [[Konsonan kepakan dan hempasan|Kepakan]]
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=3 |
|style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;border-right: 0;"| || style="border-left: 0;" |ɾ
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=2 |
|}
=== Vokal ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vokal bahasa Amami Selatan<ref name=Karimata>Shigehisa Karimata (2015) "Ryukyuan languages: a grammar overview", in Heinrich, Miyara, & Shimoji (eds) ''Handbook of the Ryukyuan Languages: History, Structure, and Use''</ref>
!
! [[Vokal depan|Depan]]
! [[Vokal madya|Madya]]
! [[Vokal belakang|Belakang]]
|-
! [[Vokal tinggi|Tinggi]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
| {{IPA link|ɨ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! [[Vokal tengah|Tengah]]
| {{IPA link|e}}
| {{IPA link|ɘ}}
| {{IPA link|o}}
|-
! [[Vokal rendah|Rendah]]
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
== Lihat pula ==
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