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Revisi per 31 Agustus 2017 23.07 sunting Danu Widjajanto (bicara \| kontrib) Peninjau 146.177 suntingan ←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Efek Flynn''' adalah peningkatan hasil uji kecerdasan secara berkelanjutan di berbagai belahan dunia dari tahun 1930 hingga saat ini. Saat hasil ujian kecerdasan...'		Revisi terkini sejak 11 Agustus 2023 01.32 sunting balikkan InternetArchiveBot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 695.973 suntingan Add 2 books for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20230809)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot
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Baris 5: Beberapa penjelasan telah diajukan untuk mengetahui penyebab efek Flynn, seperti lebih tersebarnya pendidikan pada masa modern, nutrisi yang lebih baik atau lingkungan yang lebih merangsang. Peningkatan-peningkatan serupa telah diamati pada fungsi otak lain, seperti [[memori semantik]] dan [[memori episodik\|episodik]].<ref name="Rönnlund">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Rönnlund M, Nilsson LG \|title=Flynn effects on sub-factors of episodic and semantic memory: parallel gains over time and the same set of determining factors \|journal=Neuropsychologia \|volume=47 \|issue=11 \|pages=2174–80 \|date=September 2009 \|pmid=19056409 \|doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.007 \|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028-3932(08)00442-9}}</ref> Namun, penelitian terkini menunjukkan bahwa efek Flynn mungkin telah berakhir di beberapa negara maju.<ref name="IQGI">Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen (2006). ''IQ and Global Inequality''. Washington Summit Publishers: Augusta, GA. {{ISBN\|1-59368-025-2}}</ref> Istilah ini dinamai dari [[James R. Flynn]] yang telah mendokumentasi terjadinya efek ini, tetapi istilah ini sendiri dicetuskan oleh [[Richard Herrnstein]] dan [[Charles Murray (ilmuwan politik)\|Charles Murray]], penulis buku ''[[The Bell Curve]] (1994)''.<ref name=Flynn>{{Cite book\|author=Flynn, James R. \|title=What Is Intelligence: Beyond the Flynn Effect \|url=https://archive.org/details/whatisintelligen0000flyn \|edition=expanded paperback \|location=Cambridge \|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] \|isbn=978-0-521-74147-7 \|year=2009 \|laysummary=http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/flynn-beyond/ \|laydate=July 18, 2010 \|pages=~~1–2~~[https://archive.org/details/whatisintelligen0000flyn/page/1 1]–2 \|quote=The 'Flynn effect' is the name that has become attached to an exciting development, namely, that the twentieth century saw massive IQ gains from one generation to another. To forestall a diagnosis of megalomania, the label was coined by Herrnstein and Murray, the authors of ''The Bell Curve'', and not by myself. \|ref=harv }}</ref> == Catatan kaki == Baris 13: * {{Cite journal \|doi=10.1037/0033-2909.95.1.29 \|author=Flynn, James R. \|title=The Mean IQ of Americans: Massive Gains 1932 to 1978 \|journal=[[Psychological Bulletin]] \|volume=95 \|issue= \|pages=29–51 \|year=1984 \|url=http://www.iapsych.com/iqmr/fe/LinkedDocuments/flynn1984b.pdf \|accessdate=16 May 2013 \|ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal \|author=Flynn, James R. \|title=Massive IQ Gains in 14 Nations: What IQ Tests Really Measure \|journal=[[Psychological Bulletin]] \|volume=101 \|issue=2 \|pages=171–191 \|date= March 1987 \|url=http://www.iapsych.com/iqmr/fe/LinkedDocuments/flynn1987.pdf \|accessdate=13 May 2013 \|doi=10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171 \|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book \|author=Flynn, James R. \|chapter=IQ Gains over Time: Toward Finding the Causes \|title=The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures \|url=https://archive.org/details/risingcurvelongt00neis \|editor=Neisser, Ulric \|location=Washington (DC) \|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] \|year=1998 \|pages=~~25–66~~[https://archive.org/details/risingcurvelongt00neis/page/25 25]–66 \|isbn=978-1-55798-503-3 \|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book \|author=Flynn, James R. \|title=What Is Intelligence: Beyond the Flynn Effect \|url=https://archive.org/details/whatisintelligen0000flyn \|edition=expanded paperback \|location=Cambridge \|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] \|isbn=978-0-521-74147-7 \|year=2009 \|laysummary=http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/flynn-beyond/ \|laydate=18 July 2010 \|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book \|author=Flynn, James R. \|title=Are We Getting Smarter? Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century \|url=https://archive.org/details/arewegettingsmar0000flyn \|location=Cambridge \|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] \|isbn=978-1-107-60917-4 \|year=2012 \|laysummary=http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/03/smarter.aspx \|laydate=16 May 2013 \|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book \|title=The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures \|url=https://archive.org/details/risingcurvelongt00neis \|editor-last=Neisser \|editor-first=Ulric \|authorlink= <!--\|authors=Ulric Neisser, James R. Flynn, Carmi Schooler, Patricia M. Greenfield, Wendy M. Williams, Marian Sigman, Shannon E. Whaley, Reynaldo Martorell, Richard Lynn, Robert M. Hauser, David W. Grissmer, Stephanie Williamson, Sheila Nataraj Kirby, Mark Berends, Stephen J. Ceci, Tina B. Rosenblum, Matthew Kumpf, Min-Hsiung Huang, Irwin D. Waldman, Samuel H. Preston, John C. Loehlin--> \|year=1998 \|publisher=American Psychological Association \|location=Washington (DC) \|isbn=978-1-55798-503-3 \|series=APA Science Volume Series \|laysummary=http://www.apa.org/pubs/books/431712A.aspx \|laydate=16 May 2013 \|ref=harv }} * {{citation \|last=Tuddenham \|first=Read D. \|title=Soldier intelligence in World Wars I and II \|journal=American Psychologist \|volume=3 \|issue=2 \|pages=54–56 \|date=1948 \|doi=10.1037/h0054962 \|pmid=18911933 \|ref=harv}} {{psikologi-stub}} [[Kategori:Kecerdasan]]