Efek Flynn: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Beberapa penjelasan telah diajukan untuk mengetahui penyebab efek Flynn, seperti lebih tersebarnya pendidikan pada masa modern, nutrisi yang lebih baik atau lingkungan yang lebih merangsang. Peningkatan-peningkatan serupa telah diamati pada fungsi otak lain, seperti [[memori semantik]] dan [[memori episodik|episodik]].<ref name="Rönnlund">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rönnlund M, Nilsson LG |title=Flynn effects on sub-factors of episodic and semantic memory: parallel gains over time and the same set of determining factors |journal=Neuropsychologia |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=2174–80 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19056409 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028-3932(08)00442-9}}</ref> Namun, penelitian terkini menunjukkan bahwa efek Flynn mungkin telah berakhir di beberapa negara maju.<ref name="IQGI">Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen (2006). ''IQ and Global Inequality''. Washington Summit Publishers: Augusta, GA. {{ISBN|1-59368-025-2}}</ref>
Istilah ini dinamai dari [[James R. Flynn]] yang telah mendokumentasi terjadinya efek ini, tetapi istilah ini sendiri dicetuskan oleh [[Richard Herrnstein]] dan [[Charles Murray (ilmuwan politik)|Charles Murray]], penulis buku ''[[The Bell Curve]] (1994)''.<ref name=Flynn>{{Cite book|author=Flynn, James R. |title=What Is Intelligence: Beyond the Flynn Effect |url=https://archive.org/details/whatisintelligen0000flyn |edition=expanded paperback |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-74147-7 |year=2009 |laysummary=http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/flynn-beyond/ |laydate=July 18, 2010 |pages=
== Catatan kaki ==
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* {{Cite journal |author=Flynn, James R. |title=Massive IQ Gains in 14 Nations: What IQ Tests Really Measure |journal=[[Psychological Bulletin]] |volume=101 |issue=2 |pages=171–191 |date= March 1987 |url=http://www.iapsych.com/iqmr/fe/LinkedDocuments/flynn1987.pdf |accessdate=13 May 2013 |doi=10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book |author=Flynn, James R. |chapter=IQ Gains over Time: Toward Finding the Causes |title=The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures |url=https://archive.org/details/risingcurvelongt00neis |editor=Neisser, Ulric |location=Washington (DC) |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |year=1998 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/risingcurvelongt00neis/page/25 25]–66 |isbn=978-1-55798-503-3 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book |author=Flynn, James R. |title=What Is Intelligence: Beyond the Flynn Effect |url=https://archive.org/details/whatisintelligen0000flyn |edition=expanded paperback |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-74147-7 |year=2009 |laysummary=http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/flynn-beyond/ |laydate=18 July 2010 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book |author=Flynn, James R. |title=Are We Getting Smarter? Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://archive.org/details/arewegettingsmar0000flyn |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-60917-4 |year=2012 |laysummary=http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/03/smarter.aspx |laydate=16 May 2013 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book |title=The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures |url=https://archive.org/details/risingcurvelongt00neis |editor-last=Neisser |editor-first=Ulric |authorlink= <!--|authors=Ulric Neisser, James R. Flynn, Carmi Schooler, Patricia M. Greenfield, Wendy M. Williams, Marian Sigman, Shannon E. Whaley, Reynaldo Martorell, Richard Lynn, Robert M. Hauser, David W. Grissmer, Stephanie Williamson, Sheila Nataraj Kirby, Mark Berends, Stephen J. Ceci, Tina B. Rosenblum, Matthew Kumpf, Min-Hsiung Huang, Irwin D. Waldman, Samuel H. Preston, John C. Loehlin--> |year=1998 |publisher=American Psychological Association |location=Washington (DC) |isbn=978-1-55798-503-3 |series=APA Science Volume Series |laysummary=http://www.apa.org/pubs/books/431712A.aspx |laydate=16 May 2013 |ref=harv }}
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