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'''Kemurtadan''' atau '''apostasi''' adalah sikap berpindah atau meninggalkan suatu [[agama]] ke [[agama]] lainnya yang dilakukan oleh seseorang, sehingga menjadi ingkar terhadap agama yang diyakini sebelumnya.
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Istilah "apostasi" berasal dari kata Yunani ἀποστασία (''apostasia'') yang berarti pembelotan atau pemberontakan, sementara istilah "murtad" berasal dari مُرْتَدٌّ (''murtadd''), yang berarti "orang yang berbalik/mundur".
Murtad dari segi bahasa bermaksud "Kembali". Dari segi istilah bermaksud meninggal atau keluar dari agama Islam dan memeluk agama selain Islam. Murtad bisa melalui perkataan atau melalui perbuatan atau apa-apa iktiqad, kepercayaan dan keyakinan hati.▼
== Islam ==
{{Main|Kemurtadan menurut Islam}}
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== Kristen ==
Kemurtadan dalam kekristenan mengacu pada penolakan Kekristenan oleh seseorang yang sebelumnya adalah seorang pengikut perjuangan [[Yesus]]. Istilah ini juga digambarkan sebagai "sengaja keluar, atau memberontak melawan kebenaran Kristen. Murtad adalah penolakan terhadap Kristus dengan orang yang telah menjadi Kristen ...." <ref>Richard A. Muller, ''Dictionary of Greek and Latin Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology'', 41. ''The Tyndale Bible Dictionary'' defines apostasy as a "Turning against God, as evidenced by abandonment and repudiation of former beliefs. The term generally refers to a deliberate renouncing of the faith by a once sincere believer . . ." ("Apostasy," Walter A. Elwell and Philip W. Comfort, editors, 95).</ref> "Murtad adalah kategori teologis menggambarkan mereka yang dengan sukarela dan sadar meninggalkan iman mereka kepada perjanjian Allah, dalam [[Yesus Kristus]] "<ref>Scot McKnight, ''Dictionary of Theological Interpretation of the Bible'', "Apostasy," 58.</ref>". Peristiwa [[Yudas Iskariot]] ketika bersekongkol dan memberi tahu tempat Yesus dan murid-muridnya kepada pasukan Romawi dan orang Yahudi yang sudah diramalkan oleh [[Yesus Kristus]] juga menjadi ikon kemurtadan dalam Kekristenan.{{Butuh rujukan}}
Dalam pandangan teologi umum, murtad juga diartikan sebagai melepas iman Kristen demi sebuah nafsu, keinginan, kepuasan, ambisi, dan kekuasaan duniawi yang dianggap tidak setia mengikut perjuangan [[Yesus]].{{Butuh rujukan}}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wiktionary|apostasy}}
[[Kategori:Agama]]▼
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* Bromley, David G. 1988. ''Falling From the Faith: The Causes and Consequences of Religious Apostasy''. Beverly Hills: Sage.
* Dunlop, Mark, ''The culture of Cults'', 2001 [http://www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212103655/http://www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm |date=2007-12-12 }}
* [[Massimo Introvigne|Introvigne, Massimo]] ''Defectors, Ordinary Leavetakers and Apostates: A Quantitative Study of Former Members of New Acropolis in France'' – paper delivered at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, San Francisco, November 23, 1997 [http://www.cesnur.org/testi/Acropolis.htm]
* The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906). The Kopelman Foundation. [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com]
* Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''The Odyssey of a New Religion: [[The Holy Order of MANS]] from New Age to Orthodoxy'' Indiana University press;
* Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''Shifting Millennial Visions in New Religious Movements: The case of the Holy Order of MANS'' in ''The year 2000: Essays on the End'' edited by Charles B. Strozier, New York University Press 1997;
* Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''The Eleventh Commandment Fellowship: A New Religious Movement Confronts the Ecological Crisis'', [[Journal of Contemporary Religion]] 10:3, 1995:229–41;
* Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''Social factors in the Failure of New Religious Movements: A Case Study Using Stark's Success Model'' SYZYGY: Journal of Alternative Religion and Culture 1:1, Winter 1992:39–53
* Wright, Stuart A. 1988. "Leaving New Religious Movements: Issues, Theory and Research," pp. 143–165 in David G. Bromley (ed.), ''Falling From the Faith''. Beverly Hills: Sage.
* Wright, Stuart A. 1991. "Reconceptualizing Cult Coercion and Withdrawal: A Comparative Analysis of Divorce and Apostasy." ''Social Forces 70 (1):125–145''.
* Wright, Stuart A. and Helen R. Ebaugh. 1993. "Leaving New Religions," pp. 117–138 in David G. Bromley and Jeffrey K. Hadden (eds.), ''Handbook of Cults and Sects in America''. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
* Zablocki, Benjamin et al., ''Research on NRMs in the Post-9/11 World'', in Lucas, Phillip Charles et al. (ed.), ''NRMs in the 21st Century: legal, political, and social challenges in global perspective'', 2004, ISBN 0-415-96577-2
;Testimonies, memoirs, and autobiographies
* Babinski, Edward (editor), ''Leaving the Fold: Testimonies of Former Fundamentalists''. Prometheus Books, 2003. ISBN 1-59102-217-7; ISBN 978-1-59102-217-6
* Dubreuil, J. P. 1994 ''L'Église de Scientology. Facile d'y entrer, difficile d'en sortir''. Sherbrooke: private edition (ex-[[Church of Scientology]])
* Huguenin, T. 1995 ''Le 54<sup>e</sup>'' Paris Fixot (ex-[[Ordre du Temple Solaire]] who would be the 54th victim)
* Kaufmann, ''Inside Scientology/Dianetics: How I Joined Dianetics/Scientology and Became Superhuman'', 1995 [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/Web/People/dst/Library/Shelf/kaufman/isd/isd.htm]
* Lavallée, G. 1994 ''L'alliance de la brebis. Rescapée de la secte de Moïse'', Montréal: Club Québec Loisirs (ex-[[Roch Thériault]])
* Pignotti, Monica, '' My nine lives in Scientology'', 1989, [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/pignotti/]
* Wakefield, Margery, ''Testimony'', 1996 [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/Web/People/dst/Library/Shelf/wakefield/testimony.html]
* Lawrence Woodcraft, Astra Woodcraft, Zoe Woodcraft, ''The Woodcraft Family'', Video Interviews [http://www.xenutv.com/interviews/woodcrafts.htm]
;Writings by others
* Carter, Lewis, F. Lewis, ''Carriers of Tales: On Assessing Credibility of Apostate and Other Outsider Accounts of Religious Practices'' published in the book ''The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements'' edited by David G. Bromley Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-275-95508-7
* Elwell, Walter A. (Ed.) ''Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, Volume 1 A–I'', Baker Book House, 1988, pages 130-131, "Apostasy". ISBN 0-8010-3447-7
* Malinoski, Peter, ''Thoughts on Conducting Research with Former Cult Members '', Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001 [http://www.culticstudiesreview.com/csr_articles/malinoski_peter.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050326043943/http://www.culticstudiesreview.com/csr_articles/malinoski_peter.htm |date=2005-03-26 }}
* Palmer, Susan J. ''Apostates and their Role in the Construction of Grievance Claims against the Northeast Kingdom/Messianic Communities'' [http://www.12tribes.org/controversies/apostatesandtheirrole.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023073919/http://www.12tribes.org/controversies/apostatesandtheirrole.html |date=2005-10-23 }}
* Wilson, S.G., ''Leaving the Fold: Apostates and Defectors in Antiquity''. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2004. ISBN 0-8006-3675-9; ISBN 978-0-8006-3675-3
* Wright, Stuart. "Post-Involvement Attitudes of Voluntary Defectors from Controversial New Religious Movements". ''''Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 23 (1984):172–182''.
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▲[[Kategori:Agama]]
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