Habasy al-Hasib: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Habasy al-Hasib''' atau lengkapnya '''Ahmad bin Abdullah Habasy al-Hasib Marwazi''' (766 - meninggal setelah 869 di [[Samarra]], [[Irak]]{{sfn|Charette|2007}}) adalah seorang [[astronom]],<ref>''Islamic Desk Reference'', ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.</ref> [[geografer]], [[matematikawan]] dari [[Marw]], [[Khorasan Raya|Khorasan]], [[Persia]] <ref>[http://www.eiilmuniversity.co.in/downloads/General_Cartography.pdf/ General Cartography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209210029/http://www.eiilmuniversity.co.in/downloads/General_Cartography.pdf |date=2017-12-09 }} : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"</ref><ref>[https://www.coursehero.com/file/p173a472/Additionally-in-the-ninth-century-the-Persian-mathematician-and-geographer/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205242/https://www.coursehero.com/file/p173a472/Additionally-in-the-ninth-century-the-Persian-mathematician-and-geographer/ |date=2019-03-30 }} : "Additionally in the ninth century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, utilized the utilization circular trigonometry and guide projection strategies keeping in mind the end goal to change over polar directions to an alternate arrange framework fixated on a particular point on the circle, in this the Qibla, the course to Mecca. Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (973– 1048) later created thoughts which are viewed as a reckoning of the polar organize framework."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/private/cmje/heritage/History_of_Islamic_Science.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007200209/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/private/cmje/heritage/History_of_Islamic_Science.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-07 |df= }}</ref> yang untuk pertama kalinya menggambarkan rasio trigonometri: [[sinus]], [[kosinus]], [[garis singgung|tangen]] dan [[Fungsi trigonometrik|kotangen]].

Pada 830, ia tampaknya telah memperkenalkan gagasan "bayangan", umbra (versa), setara dengan [[fungsi trigonometri|tangen]] dalam [[trigonometri]], dan ia menyusun tabel bayangan itu yang tampaknya merupakan karya paling awal dari jenisnya. Dia juga memperkenalkan [[Fungsi trigonometrik|kotangen]], dan juga membuat tabel yang pertama kali untuk jenis itu.<ref name=trigonometry>{{cite web|title=trigonometry|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605281/trigonometry|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2008-07-21|archive-date=2015-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512052345/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605281/trigonometry|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=Sesiano>Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in {{citation|title=Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-western Mathematics|editor1-first=Helaine|editor1-last=Selin|editor1-link=Helaine Selin|editor2-first=Ubiratàn|editor2-last=D'Ambrosio|editor2-link=Ubiratàn D'Ambrosio|year=2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=1-4020-0260-2|postscript=<!--none-->}}</ref>

* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey| last = Charette | first = François | title=Ḥabash al‐Ḥāsib: Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al‐Marwazī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | date = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 455–7 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 | ref=harv|display-editors=etal}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.pdf PDF version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128003105/https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.pdf |date=2023-01-28 }})