Francis Collins: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
JohnThorne (bicara | kontrib) Perbaikan |
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20230813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
| (20 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Francis Collins
| image = Francis Collins official
| caption =
| office = Direktur [[National Institutes of Health]]
| president = [[Barack Obama]]<br />[[Donald Trump]]<br>[[Joe Biden]]
| term_start =
| term_end = 19 Desember 2021
| predecessor = [[:En:Raynard S. Kington|Raynard Kington]]
| successor = [[Lawrence A. Tabak]] (acting)
| birth_name = Francis Sellers Collins
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|04|14}}
Baris 16:
| party =
| spouse = Diane Baker
| alma_mater = [[
| religion = [[Kristen]]
| module = {{Infobox scientist
Baris 30:
'''Francis Sellers Collins''' ({{lahirmati|Virginia, Amerika Serikat| 14|4| 1950}}) adalah seorang [[dokter]]-ahli [[genetika]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia terkenal berkat penemuan-penemuannya mengenai gen-gen penyakit dan kepemimpinannya pada [[Human Genome Project]]. Ia menjabat sebagai direktur [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) di Bethesda, Maryland, Amerika Serikat.
Sebelum diangkat menjadi direktur NIH, Collins memimpin Human Genome Project dan berbagai inisiatif penelitian genomika lain sebagai direktur [[
Collins juga menulis sejumlah buku dalam bidang sains, kedokteran, dan agama, termasuk buku terlaris menurut ''[[New York Times]]'', ''[[The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief]]''.
Setelah meninggalkan kepemimpinan NHGRI dan sebelum menjadi direktur NIH, ia mendirikan dan sekaligus menjadi presiden [[
]] mengangkat Collins ke dalam [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]].▼
== Masa muda ==
Collins dilahirkan di Staunton, [[Virginia]], sebagai yang termuda dari empat putra Fletcher Collins dan Margaret James Collins. Ia dibesarkan di sebuah pertanian kecil di [[
Dari tahun 1978 sampai 1981, Collins bekerja dalam program residensi dan ''chief residency'' pada bagian ''internal medicine'' pada [[
== Penelitian genetika ==
Di Yale, Collins bekerja di bawah direksi [[Sherman Weissman]], dan pada tahun 1984 kedua sarjana tersebut menerbitkan sebuah makalah, "Directional Cloning of DNA Fragments at a Large distance From an Initial Probe: a Circularization Method".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Francis S. Collins |author2=Sherman M. Weissman |title=''Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method'' |publisher=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA |date=Nov 1984 |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/81/21/6812.full.pdf+html?sid=4509210e-8129-4da3-b99c-dd5829a5a9c2 |accessdate=September 29, 2011 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164920/http://www.pnas.org/content/81/21/6812.full.pdf+html?sid=4509210e-8129-4da3-b99c-dd5829a5a9c2 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
Collins joined the [[University of Michigan]] faculty in 1984, rising to the rank of professor in internal medicine and human genetics. His gene-hunting approach, which he named "[[positional cloning]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rowan.biology.ualberta.ca/courses/genet302/uploads/winter11/gane/private/genet302-GW-week3_noQ.pdf |title=Positional cloning of human disease genes: a reversal of scientific priorities |publisher=University of Alberta, Department of Biological Science |accessdate=October 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Collins F |year=1992 |title=Positional Cloning: Let's not call it reverse anymore |url= |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–6 |doi=10.1038/ng0492-3 |pmid=1301996}}</ref> developed into a powerful<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0959437X95800425 |title=Positional cloning reaches maturity |last=Nelson |first=David L. |date=Jun 1995 |journal=Curr Opin Genet Dev |accessdate=August 25, 2014 |doi=10.1016/0959-437X(95)80042-5 |pmid=7549422 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=298–303}}</ref> component of modern molecular genetics.▼
Several scientific teams worked in the 1970s and 1980s to identify genes and their loci as a cause of [[cystic fibrosis]]. Progress was modest until 1985, when [[Lap-Chee Tsui]] and colleagues at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children identified the locus for the gene.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tsui |first=LC |author2=Buchwald M |author3=Barker D |title=Cystic fibrosis locus defined by a genetically linked polymorphic DNA marker |journal=Science |date=November 29, 1985 |volume=230 |issue=4729 |pages=1054–1057 |doi=10.1126/science.2997931 |bibcode = 1985Sci...230.1054T }}<!--|accessdate=May 9, 2014--><!--</ref> It was then determined that a shortcut was needed to speed the process of identification, so Tsui contacted Collins, who agreed to collaborate with the Toronto team and share his chromosome-jumping technique. The gene was identified in June 1989,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/a120.html |title=''Blazing a Genetic Trail/.../Jumping Toward the Gene'' |author=Pines, Maya |publisher=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |year=2008 |accessdate=October 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/a130.html |title=''Stalking a Lethal Gene:Discovering the Gene for Cystic Fibrosis'' |author=Pines, Maya |publisher=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |year=2008 |accessdate=October 16, 2011}}</ref> and the results were published in the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' on September 8, 1989.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marx |first1=J. |year=1989 |title=The cystic fibrosis gene is found |journal=Science |volume=245 |issue=4921 |pages=923–5 |bibcode=1989Sci...245..923M |doi=10.1126/science.2772644 |pmid=2772644}}</ref> This identification was followed by other genetic discoveries made by Collins and a variety of collaborators. They included isolation of the genes for [[Huntington's disease]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=M |year=1993 |title=A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes |journal=Cell |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=971–83 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(93)90585-E |pmid=8458085}}</ref> [[neurofibromatosis]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundation of Medicine |first1=Raphael |last1=Rubin |first2=David S. |last2=Strayer |publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |edition=5th |date=2008 |location=Baltimore |pages=201–3 |isbn=978-0-7817-9516-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Fauci|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (Small textbook) |edition=16th |pages=2453|display-authors=etal}}</ref> [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chandrasekharappa |first1=S. C. |last2=Guru |first2=S. C. |last3=Manickam |first3=P |last4=Olufemi |first4=S. E. |last5=Collins |first5=F. S. |last6=Emmert-Buck |first6=M. R. |last7=Debelenko |first7=L. V. |last8=Zhuang |first8=Z |last9=Lubensky |first9=I. A. |last10=Liotta |first10=L. A. |last11=Crabtree |first11=J. S. |last12=Wang |first12=Y |last13=Roe |first13=B. A. |last14=Weisemann |first14=J |last15=Boguski |first15=M. S. |last16=Agarwal |first16=S. K. |last17=Kester |first17=M. B. |last18=Kim |first18=Y. S. |last19=Heppner |first19=C |last20=Dong |first20=Q |last21=Spiegel |first21=A. M. |last22=Burns |first22=A. L. |last23=Marx |first23=S. J. |year=1997 |title=Positional Cloning of the Gene for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-Type 1 |journal=Science |volume=276 |issue=5311 |pages=404–7 |doi=10.1126/science.276.5311.404 |pmid=9103196}}</ref> inv(16) AML<ref>Science 261 (5124): 1041–4</ref> and [[Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=Maria |last2=Brown |first2=W. Ted |last3=Gordon |first3=Leslie B. |last4=Glynn |first4=Michael W. |last5=Singer |first5=Joel |last6=Scott |first6=Laura |last7=Erdos |first7=Michael R. |last8=Robbins |first8=Christiane M. |last9=Moses |first9=Tracy Y. |last10=Berglund |first10=Peter |last11=Dutra |first11=Amalia |last12=Pak |first12=Evgenia |last13=Durkin |first13=Sandra |last14=Csoka |first14=Antonei B. |last15=Boehnke |first15=Michael |last16=Glover |first16=Thomas W. |last17=Collins |first17=Francis S. |year=2003 |title=Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin a cause Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome |journal=Nature |volume=423 |issue=6937 |pages=293–8 |bibcode=2003Natur.423..293E |doi=10.1038/nature01629 |pmid=12714972}}</ref>▼
▲Collins
<!--▼
▲Several scientific teams worked in the 1970s and 1980s to identify genes and their loci as a cause of [[cystic fibrosis]]. Progress was modest until 1985, when [[Lap-Chee Tsui]] and colleagues at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children identified the locus for the gene.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tsui |first=LC |author2=Buchwald M |author3=Barker D |title=Cystic fibrosis locus defined by a genetically linked polymorphic DNA marker |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1985-11-29_230_4729/page/1054 |journal=Science |date=November 29, 1985 |volume=230 |issue=4729 |pages=1054–1057 |doi=10.1126/science.2997931 |bibcode = 1985Sci...230.1054T }}<!--|accessdate=May 9, 2014--><!--</ref> It was then determined that a shortcut was needed to speed the process of identification, so Tsui contacted Collins, who agreed to collaborate with the Toronto team and share his chromosome-jumping technique. The gene was identified in June 1989,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/a120.html |title=''Blazing a Genetic Trail/.../Jumping Toward the Gene'' |author=Pines, Maya |publisher=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |year=2008 |accessdate=October 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/a130.html |title=''Stalking a Lethal Gene:Discovering the Gene for Cystic Fibrosis'' |author=Pines, Maya |publisher=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |year=2008 |accessdate=October 16, 2011}}</ref> and the results were published in the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' on September 8, 1989.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marx |first1=J. |year=1989 |title=The cystic fibrosis gene is found |journal=Science |volume=245 |issue=4921 |pages=923–5 |bibcode=1989Sci...245..923M |doi=10.1126/science.2772644 |pmid=2772644}}</ref> This identification was followed by other genetic discoveries made by Collins and a variety of collaborators. They included isolation of the genes for [[Huntington's disease]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=M |year=1993 |title=A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes |journal=Cell |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=971–83 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(93)90585-E |pmid=8458085}}</ref> [[neurofibromatosis]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundation of Medicine |first1=Raphael |last1=Rubin |first2=David S. |last2=Strayer |publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |edition=5th |date=2008 |location=Baltimore |pages=201–3 |isbn=978-0-7817-9516-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Fauci|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (Small textbook) |edition=16th |pages=2453|display-authors=etal}}</ref> [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chandrasekharappa |first1=S. C. |last2=Guru |first2=S. C. |last3=Manickam |first3=P |last4=Olufemi |first4=S. E. |last5=Collins |first5=F. S. |last6=Emmert-Buck |first6=M. R. |last7=Debelenko |first7=L. V. |last8=Zhuang |first8=Z |last9=Lubensky |first9=I. A. |last10=Liotta |first10=L. A. |last11=Crabtree |first11=J. S. |last12=Wang |first12=Y |last13=Roe |first13=B. A. |last14=Weisemann |first14=J |last15=Boguski |first15=M. S. |last16=Agarwal |first16=S. K. |last17=Kester |first17=M. B. |last18=Kim |first18=Y. S. |last19=Heppner |first19=C |last20=Dong |first20=Q |last21=Spiegel |first21=A. M. |last22=Burns |first22=A. L. |last23=Marx |first23=S. J. |year=1997 |title=Positional Cloning of the Gene for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-Type 1 |journal=Science |volume=276 |issue=5311 |pages=404–7 |doi=10.1126/science.276.5311.404 |pmid=9103196}}</ref> inv(16) AML<ref>Science 261 (5124): 1041–4</ref> and [[Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=Maria |last2=Brown |first2=W. Ted |last3=Gordon |first3=Leslie B. |last4=Glynn |first4=Michael W. |last5=Singer |first5=Joel |last6=Scott |first6=Laura |last7=Erdos |first7=Michael R. |last8=Robbins |first8=Christiane M. |last9=Moses |first9=Tracy Y. |last10=Berglund |first10=Peter |last11=Dutra |first11=Amalia |last12=Pak |first12=Evgenia |last13=Durkin |first13=Sandra |last14=Csoka |first14=Antonei B. |last15=Boehnke |first15=Michael |last16=Glover |first16=Thomas W. |last17=Collins |first17=Francis S. |year=2003 |title=Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin a cause Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome |journal=Nature |volume=423 |issue=6937 |pages=293–8 |bibcode=2003Natur.423..293E |doi=10.1038/nature01629 |pmid=12714972}}</ref>
-->
== Genomika ==
<!--
In 1994 Collins founded NHGRI's Division of Intramural Research,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genome.gov/10001036 |title=The Division of Intramural Research |editor=National Human Genome Research Institute |accessdate=October 16, 2011}}</ref> a collection of investigator-directed laboratories that conduct genome research on the NIH campus.
-->
Another major activity at NHGRI during his tenure as director was the creation of the [[haplotype map]] of the human genome. This [[International HapMap Project]] produced a catalog of human genetic variations—called [[single-nucleotide polymorphisms]]—which is now being used to discover variants correlated with disease risk. Among the labs engaged in that effort is Collins' [http://www.genome.gov/27534095 own lab] at NHGRI, which has sought to identify and understand the genetic variations that influence the risk of developing [[type 2 diabetes]].
Baris 69 ⟶ 68:
=== Nominasi dan konfirmasi ===
[[Berkas:Francis Collins with Kathleen Sebelius after swearing-in ceremony.jpg|
Pada tanggal 8 Juli 2009, Presiden Barack Obama menominasikan Collins sebagai Direktur National Institutes of Health,<ref>
<!--
''[[Science (Journal)|Science]]'' writer Jocelyn Kaiser opined that Collins was "known as a skilled administrator and excellent communicator," that Obama's nomination "did not come as a big surprise" and that the appointment "ignited a volley of flattering remarks from researchers and biomedical groups." Yet, she wrote, Collins "does have his critics," some of them who were concerned with the new director's "outspoken Christian faith."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=J. |year=2009 |title=White House Taps Former Genome Chief Francis Collins as NIH Director |journal=Science |volume=325 |issue=5938 |pages=250–1 |pmid=19608881 |doi=10.1126/science.325_250a}}</ref>
Baris 87 ⟶ 86:
In other precedent-setting actions during his time as NIH Director, Collins in June 2013 outlined plans to substantially reduce the use of chimpanzees in NIH-funded [[biomedical research]].<ref>[http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jun2013/od-26.htm "NIH to Reduce Significantly the Use of Chimpanzees in Research," "News and Events," National Institutes of Health, June 26, 2013]</ref> In November 2015, he announced NIH will no longer support any biomedical research involving chimpanzees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/nih-will-no-longer-support-biomedical-research-chimpanzees|title=NIH Will No Longer Support Biomedical Research on Chimpanzees|date=November 18, 2015|website=National Institutes of Health (NIH)|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> In January 2013, Collins also created two senior scientific positions as part of the NIH's response to an advisory group's recommendations on [[Big data|Big Data]] and the diversity of the scientific workforce.<ref>[http://nihrecord.od.nih.gov/newsletters/2013/02_01_2013/story5.htm "Big Data, Diversity Initiatives Get Acting Directors," ''NIH Record,'' February 1, 2013]</ref> In December 2013, Collins announced the selection of [[Philip Bourne|Philip E. Bourne]] as NIH's first Associate Director for Data Science,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-names-dr-philip-e-bourne-first-associate-director-data-science|title=NIH Names Dr. Philip E. Bourne First Associate Director for Data Science|date=August 10, 2015|website=National Institutes of Health (NIH)|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> and, in response to internal NIH working group recommendations, Collins appointed Stanford cardiologist [[Hannah Valantine]] in 2014 as the institution's first Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity.<ref name="nih">{{cite web |title=Hannah Valantine, M.D., named NIH’s first Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity |url=http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jan2014/od-30.htm |website=News & Events |publisher=National Institutes of Health |accessdate=March 8, 2015 |date=January 20, 2014}}</ref> In December 2015 Collins and other NIH leaders released a detailed plan that charted a course for NIH's efforts over the ensuing five years The NIH-Wide Strategic Plan, Fiscal Years 2016-2020: Turning Discovery Into Health<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-wide-strategic-plan|title=NIH-Wide Strategic Plan|date=October 6, 2015|website=National Institutes of Health (NIH)|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> was aimed at ensuring the agency remains well positioned to capitalize on new opportunities for scientific exploration an to address new challenges for human health.
-->
== Musik ==
Tercatat bahwa Collins suka bermain [[gitar]] dan naik [[sepeda motor]] di berbagai artikel mengenainya.<ref>*[http://www.slate.com/id/2222562 "Jesus Goes to Bethesda: Just how religious is Obama's nominee for director of the NIH?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820043121/http://www.slate.com/id/2222562/ |date=2011-08-20 }}. Chris Wilson. [[Slate (
Ketika menjadi direktur NHGRI, ia membentuk sebuah band rock dengan para ilmuwan NIH lain. Kadang-kadang band yang dinamai "The Directors" itu bermain bersama band rock dari [[Johns Hopkins University]], yang dipimpin oleh peneliti kanker [[Bert Vogelstein]]. Lirik dari lagu-lagu The Directors meliputi ''spoofs'' lagu-lagu klasik rock dan gospel yang kata-katanya diubah untuk menjawab tantangan riset biomedis kontemporer.<ref>*[http://www.nih.gov/catalyst/back/98.01/battle_of_bands.html "Science Writers Entertained By High-Powered Battle Of The Bands"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703174657/http://www.nih.gov/catalyst/back/98.01/battle_of_bands.html |date=2009-07-03 }}. ''The NIH Catalyst''. Celia Hooper. Jan/Feb 1998.</ref> Collins pernah tampil pada [[TEDMED]] 2012, StandUpToCancer,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/18/science/la-sci-francis-collins-jams-20100918 |title=To scientists, he's the real rock star |last=Kaplan |first=Karen |date=September 18, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate= |archive-date=2015-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920030726/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/18/science/la-sci-francis-collins-jams-20100918 |dead-url=no }}</ref> and Rock Stars of Science.<ref>[http://www.geoffreybeene.com/pdf/RSOS_Program.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521012139/http://www.geoffreybeene.com/pdf/RSOS_Program.pdf |date=2014-05-21 }} Rock S.O.S. program, 2009</ref>
== Penghargaan dan kehormatan ==
Sewaktu memimpin [[
Collins dan Venter berbagi gelar "Biography of the Year" dari [[A&E Network]] pada tahun 2000.<ref>"[http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mc/news/press/00-463.html Montgomery County, Maryland, Press Releases] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013151412/http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mc/news/press/00-463.html |date=October 13, 2006 }}," December 19, 2000, URL accessed January 30, 2007.</ref> Pada tahun 2005, Collins dan Venter diberi kehormatan sebagai dua dari "America's Best Leaders" oleh [[U.S. News & World Report]] dan Harvard University [[Center for Public Leadership]].<ref>"[http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/leadership/usnews/genome.html U.S. News & World Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123055322/http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/leadership/usnews/genome.html |date=2008-01-23 }}," 2005, URL accessed February 4, 2008.</ref>
Collins menerima hadiah [[Albany Medical Center Prize]] pada tahun 2010 dan "Pro Bono Humanum Award" dari Galien Foundation pada tahun 2012.<ref>
Collins merupakan pembicara kunci pada Congress of Future Medical Leaders tahun 2014.
▲<!--
== Pandangan ==
===
Sampai masa kuliah pasca-sarjana Collins mengaku sebagai seorang [[ateisme|ateis]]. Namun, setelah menangani pasien yang hampir mati ia mempertanyakan pandangan agamawinya sendiri, dan menyelidiki berbagai kepercayaan. Ia mempelajari bukti yang mendukung atau menyangkal adanya Allah dalam kosmologi, dan menggunakan buku ''[[Mere Christianity]]'' tulisan [[C. S. Lewis]] sebagai landasan untuk memeriksa pandangan agamawinya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/2006/08/07/collins_6/ |title=Steve Paulson, "The Believer," Salon.com, Aug. 7, 2006 |access-date=2017-04-30 |archive-date=2023-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629071108/https://www.salon.com/2006/08/07/collins_6/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Akhirnya ia mencapai suatu kesimpulan dan menjadi orang Kristen pada waktu berjalan-jalan di suatu siang pada musim gugur. Ia menyatakan diri sebagai seorang "Kristen yang serius".<ref name=interview />
<!--
▲In his 2006 book ''[[The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief]]'', Collins wrote that scientific discoveries were an "opportunity to worship" and that he rejected both [[Young Earth creationism]] and [[intelligent design]]. His own belief, he wrote, was [[theistic evolution]] or [[evolutionary creation]], which he preferred to call ''[[BioLogos]]''. He wrote that one can "think of DNA as an instructional script, a software program, sitting in the nucleus of the cell".<ref name="Collins2008">{{cite book |last=Collins |first=Francis |title=The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief |date=September 4, 2008 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781847396150}}</ref> He appeared in December 2006 on [[The Colbert Report]] television show
and in a March 2007 [[Fresh Air]] radio interview to discuss this book.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/79238/december-07-2006/francis-collins |title=Francis Collins |date=December 6, 2006 |accessdate=October 18, 2009 |publisher=[[The Colbert Report]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode |title=Francis Collins on 'The Language of God' |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9207913 |series=Fresh Air |serieslink=Fresh Air |airdate=2007-03-29}}</ref> In an interview with [[D. J. Grothe]] on the [[Point of Inquiry]] podcast he said that the overall aim of the book was to show that "one can be intellectually in a rigorous position and argue that science and faith can be compatible", and that he was prompted to write the book because "most people are seeking a possible harmony between these worldviews [science and faith], and it seems rather sad that we hear so little about this possibility.<ref name=languageofgod>{{cite web|url=http://www.pointofinquiry.org/dr_francis_collins_the_language_of_god/|title=''Dr. Francis Collins - The Language of God''|author=[[D.J. Grothe]]|publisher=[[Point of Inquiry]]|date=August 31, 2007|accessdate=September 3, 2015}}</ref>
Baris 115 ⟶ 113:
[[Christopher Hitchens]] referred to Francis Collins as a 'Great American' and stated that Collins was one of the most devout believers he had ever met.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc6UdA3TtWY</ref> He further stated that Collins was sequencing the genome of the cancer that would ultimately claim Hitchens's life, and that their friendship despite their differing opinion on religion was an example of the greatest armed truce in modern times.
===
In an interview with ''National Geographic'' in February 2007, writer [[John Horgan (American journalist)|John Horgan]] criticized Collins' description of [[agnosticism]] as "a cop-out". In response, Collins clarified his position on agnosticism so as to exclude
Baris 121 ⟶ 119:
<blockquote>earnest agnostics who have considered the evidence and still don't find an answer. I was reacting to the agnosticism I see in the scientific community, which has not been arrived at by a careful examination of the evidence. I went through a phase when I was a casual agnostic, and I am perhaps too quick to assume that others have no more depth than I did.<ref>[http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0702/voices.html Francis Collins: The Scientist as Believer] Feb. 2007</ref></blockquote>
===
In a 1998 interview with ''[[Scientific American]]'', Collins stated that he is "intensely uncomfortable with abortion as a solution to anything" and does not "perceive a precise moment at which life begins other than the moment of conception". However, in the same interview it was clarified that Collins also "does not advocate changing the law".<ref>{{cite journal|first=|date=|year=1998|title=Profile: Where Science and Religion Meet|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1998-02_278_2/page/28|journal=[[Scientific American]]|volume=278|issue=2|pages=28–29|author=Beardsley T}}</ref>
-->
== Buku ==
* ''Principles of Medical Genetics, 2nd Edition, ''with T.D. Gelehrter and D. Ginsburg (Williams & Wilkins, 1998)
Baris 141 ⟶ 140:
== Pustaka tambahan ==
* [http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_19/b3932026.htm "Dr. Francis S. Collins: On The Trail Of Disease Genes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050502154804/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_19/b3932026.htm |date=2005-05-02 }}. ''Businessweek''. John Carey. May 9, 2005
* [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/newsletter/julaug09.pdf "Collins Forms BioLogos Foundation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411085243/https://www.asa3.org/ASA/newsletter/julaug09.pdf |date=2023-04-11 }}. ''Newsletter of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]]''. Jul/Aug 2009
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Francis Collins|Francis Collins}}
* [http://www.biologos.org/ The BioLogos Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416171351/http://www.biologos.org/ |date=2021-04-16 }}
* [http://www.nih.gov/about/director/directorbio.htm NIH Bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015214016/http://www.nih.gov/about/director/directorbio.htm |date=2015-10-15 }}
* [http://www.genome.gov/10001018 NHRGI Bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001153355/http://www.genome.gov/10001018 |date=2008-10-01 }}
* {{C-SPAN|Francis Collins}}
* {{TED speaker}}
Baris 164 ⟶ 163:
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Collins, Francis}}▼
[[Kategori:Tokoh Amerika Serikat]]▼
<!--[[Category:American expatriates in Nigeria]]
[[Category:American geneticists]]
-->
[[Category:American physical chemists]]▼
[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]▼
▲{{DEFAULTSORT:Collins, Francis}}
[[Category:Converts to Protestantism from atheism or agnosticism]]▼
[[Category:Critics of creationism]]▼
[[Category:Directors of the National Institutes of Health]]▼
[[Category:Human Genome Project scientists]]▼
[[Category:Members of the International Society for Science and Religion]]▼
[[
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]▼
[[Category:People from Staunton, Virginia]]▼
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]▼
[[Category:Theistic evolutionists]]▼
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]▼
[[Category:University of Virginia alumni]]▼
[[
[[
▲[[Kategori:Tokoh Amerika Serikat]]
| |||