Haplodiploid: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Haplodiploid''' adalah [[sistem penentuan seks]] yang menghasilkan jantan dari telur yang belum difertilisasi (sehingga [[haploid]]) dan betina dari telur yang telah difertilisasi (sehingga [[diploid]]).<ref>King R.C; Stansfield W.D. and Mulligan P.K. 2006. ''A dictionary of genetics''. 7th ed, Oxford University Press, p194. ISBN 0-19-530761-5</ref>
Sistem penentuan seks ini dapat ditemui dalam semua anggota ordo serangga [[Hymenoptera]] ([[lebah]], [[semut]], dan [[tawon]]),<ref name=Grimaldi>Grimaldi D. and Engel M.S. 2005. ''The evolution of the insects''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5</ref> [[Coccidae]],<ref name=Gullan2007>Gullan, P.J. and Cook, L.G. (2007) [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01668p425.pdf Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415113015/https://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01668p425.pdf |date=2023-04-15 }} Zootaxa 1668: 413–425</ref> dan [[Thysanoptera]].<ref name=White84>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/11250008409439455| issn = 0373-4137| volume = 51| issue = 1-2| pages = 1–23| last = White| first = Michael J.D.| title = Chromosomal mechanisms in animal reproduction| journal = Bolletino di zoologia| year = 1984|format= free full text}}</ref> Sistem ini juga dapat ditemui dalam beberapa [[Tetranychidae]], [[Homoptera]], [[Coleoptera]], dan [[Rotifera]].
Akibat haplodiploiditas, seekor jantan tidak memiliki ayah dan tidak dapat memiliki anak laki-laki, namun punya kakek dan dapat memiliki cucu laki-laki. Selain itu, keterkaitan antar lebah pekerja (perempuan diploid) di sarang tercatat sebesar 0,75. Hal ini berarti bahwa para pekerja lebih berhubungan dekat bila dibandingkan dengan saudara dalam sistem penentuan seks lain.<ref>Keterkaitan antar saudara dalam sistem penentuan seks lain biasanya 0,5.</ref> Pertanyaan mengenai apakah haplodiploiditas mendorong evolusi [[eusosialitas]] masih diperdebatkan.<ref name=Hughes>{{cite journal
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| accessdate = 2008-08-04
| doi = 10.1126/science.1156108
| pmid = 18511689
| archive-date = 2010-02-24
</ref><ref name=eowilson>{{cite journal▼
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100224015536/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/320/5880/1213
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▲}}</ref><ref name=eowilson>{{cite journal
| author = Edward O. Wilson
| title = Kin selection as the key to altruism: its rise and fall.
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| url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kin+selection+as+the+key+to+altruism%3A+its+rise+and+fall.-a0132354420
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2011-03-25
| archive-date = 2012-10-23
</ref> ▼
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023142608/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kin+selection+as+the+key+to+altruism:+its+rise+and+fall.-a0132354420
| dead-url = yes
== Catatan kaki ==
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== Bibliografi ==
* Beye, Martin ''et al'' 1999. [http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/153/4/1701 Unusually high recombination rate detected in the sex locus region of the honey bee (''Apis mellifera'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906135517/http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/153/4/1701 |date=2008-09-06 }} [[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]], '''153''', 1701-1708.
* Wu Z. et al.'' 2005. [http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n3/full/6800720a.html Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614165905/http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n3/full/6800720a.html |date=2016-06-14 }} ''Heredity'' '''95''', 228–234
* Ratnieks, Francis 1988. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0147%28198808%29132%3A2%3C217%3ARHVMPB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M Reproductive harmony via mutual policing by workers in eusocial hymenoptera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413070506/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2461867 |date=2020-04-13 }} ''American Naturalist'' '''132'''(2) 217-236.
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