Head Start: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Head Start''' adalah sebuah program dari [[Departemen Layanan Manusia dan Kesehatan Amerika Serikat]] yang menyediakan [[pendidikan sejak dini]] komprehensif, kesehatan, [[nutrisi]], dan layanan keterlibatan orangtuaorang tua untuk anak-anak berpendapatan rendah dan keluarga mereka. Sumber daya dan layanan program tersebut dirancang untuk menstabilkan hubungan keluarga, memajukan [[kebaikan emosional]] dan fisik anak, dan mendirikan lingkungan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan yang kuat.

Diluncurkan pada 1965<ref name=Difference2>{{cite journal | authors = [[Janet Currie|Currie, J.]]; Thomas, D. | year = 1995 | journal = American Economic Review | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | page = 341 | url = http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/spring05/mcguem/psy8935/readings/currie1995.pdf | title = Does Head Start Make A Difference? | format = PDF | access-date = 2016-12-25 | archive-date = 2012-02-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120216075903/http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/spring05/mcguem/psy8935/readings/currie1995.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref> oleh pembuat dan direktur pertamanya [[Jule Sugarman]], Head Start awalnya adalah sebuah program [[sekolah musim panas]] yang akan mengajar anak-anak berpendapatan rendah selama beberapa minggu apa yang mereka butuhkan untuk memulai sekolah dasar. Undang-Undang Head Start 1981<ref name=FDAMemo>FDA. [http://www.fda.gov/oc/mous/domestic/225-89-2000.html Memorandum of Understanding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119232722/http://www.fda.gov/oc/mous/domestic/225-89-2000.html |date=2009-01-19 }}.</ref> memperluas program tersebut.<ref name= CFC>{{cite book |last=Gonzalez-Mena |first=Janet |title=Child, Family, and Community |url=https://archive.org/details/childfamilycommu0000gonz |edition=Fifth |publisher=Pearson Education |year=2009 |isbn=978-0135132302}}</ref> Program tersebut direvisi saat diotorisasikan kembali pada Desember 2007. Head Start adalah salah satu program jangka terpanjang yang dialamatkan untuk dampak-dampak kemiskinan sistemik di Amerika Serikat dengan ikut membantu anak-anak. {{as of|2005|alt= Pada akhir 2005}}, lebih dari 22 juta anak ikut terlibat. Direktur saat ini dari Head Start adalah [[Blanca Enriquez]], yang dilantik pada 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acf.hhs.gov/blog/2015/04/welcome-the-new-office-of-head-start-director|title=Welcome the New Office of Head Start Director|last=Smith|first=Linda|date=2 April 2015|website=Administration for Children and Families|publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services|access-date=5 March 2016|archive-date=2017-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323121700/https://www.acf.hhs.gov/blog/2015/04/welcome-the-new-office-of-head-start-director|dead-url=no}}</ref>

* [http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ohs/index.html Office of Head Start] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926203806/http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ohs/index.html |date=2008-09-26 }} (official)

* [http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/ Early Childhood Learning and Knowledge Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427121059/http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc |date=2013-04-27 }} (official)

* [http://www.nhsa.org/ National Head Start Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803103446/https://nhsa.org/ |date=2023-08-03 }} (official)

* [http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9218/head.htm The Head Start Experience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225214257/http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9218/head.htm |date=2016-12-25 }}

* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=head+start&search_crit=title&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Head Start] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310231404/http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=head+start&search_crit=title&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form |date=2007-03-10 }}

* [http://www.clasp.org/issues?type=child_care_and_early_education The Center for Law and Social Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530140618/https://www.clasp.org/issues/?type=child_care_and_early_education |date=2023-05-30 }}

* [http://www.nber.org/digest/mar05/w10452.html National Bureau of Economic Research] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904071319/https://nber.org/digest/mar05/w10452.html |date=2019-09-04 }}