Edafologi: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{sainsIlmu}}

'''Edafologi''' (dipinjamdiambil dari [[bahasa Inggris]]: ''edaphology'', yang membentuknya dari dua kata [[bahasa Yunani]] {{lang|grc|ἔδαφος}}, ''edaphos'', "tanah, pijakan"; dan {{lang|grc|-λογία}}, ''[[-logy|-logia]]'', "lambang", "pengetahuan"), atau '''ilmu kesuburan tanah''', adalah salah satu dari dua cabang utama [[ilmu tanah]] yang mempelajari peran [[tanah]] sebagai pendukung kehidupan, terutama [[tumbuhan]].<ref>Page 8 ''in'' {{Cite book

|last = Buckman|first = Harry O.|last2 = Brady|first2 = Nyle C.|title = The Nature and Property of Soils - A College Text of Edaphology|place = New York|publisher = The MacMillan Company|year = 1960|edition = 6th}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.html|title= Lecture 1 Chapter 1 Why Study Soils?|accessdate= 2008-01-12|last= Gardiner|first= Duane T|work= ENV320: Soil Science Lecture Notes|publisher= Texas A&M University-Kingsville|archive-date= 2018-02-09|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180209052922/http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.html|dead-url= yes}}</ref>. Cabang utama ilmu tanah yang lain adalah [[pedologi]].

Sejalan dengan semakin tingginya kesadaran manusia akan lingkungan hidupnya, ilmu ini juga semakin mendalami pengaruh tanah terhadap kualitas kehidupan manusia dan lingkungan,<ref>{{cite paper | author = Research Branch | title = Glossary of Terms in Soil Science | version = Publication 1459 | publisher = Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. | date = 1976 | url = http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/ | accessdate = 2008-01-07 }}</ref> dan juga penggunaan tanah oleh manusia.<ref>{{cite book|last = Whittow|first = John B.|title = The Penguin Dictionary of Physical Geography|url = https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000whit_b9d8|publisher = Penguin Books|date = 1984|location = London|isbn = 014051094X}}</ref> Selain mempelajari kesuburan tanah dan daya dukung tanah dalam mendukung [[pertanian]], edafologi juga mempelajari kualitas kandungan bahan-bahan berbahaya di tanah dan [[air tanah]], serta mengkaji pemanfaatan zat-zat yang dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanah (misalnya dalam pengembangan teknologi [[pupuk organik]] cair dan pembuatan starter [[kompos]] yang efektif).

Edafologi dalam pertanian dikenal pula di beberapa tempat di dunia sebagai [[agrologi]]. Edafologi juga dipelajari oleh [[ilmu lingkungan]] sebagai [[ilmu tanah lingkungan]]. Di Rusia edafologi dianggap sama dengan [[pedologi]], namun dengan sisi terapan yang kuat di bidang [[fisika]] dan [[kimia]] pertanian.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Tseits | first = M. A. | authorlink = | coauthors = B. A. Devin | title = Soil Science Web Resources: A Practical Guide to Search Procedures and Search Engines | journal = Eurasian Soil Science | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = page 223 | publisher = Translated from Pochvovedenie, No. 2. 2005, pp. 247-253 | date = 2005 | url = http://soil.msu.ru/downloads/sswebresources_eng.pdf | accessdate = 2008-01-07 | archiveurl =http https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172623/http://soil.msu.ru/downloads/sswebresources_eng.pdf | archivedate = 2011-07-18 | dead-url = no }}</ref>.

[[Xenophon]] (431–355 SM), dan [[Cato]] (234–149 SM) dianggap telah mempelajari edafologi. Xenophon telah mencatat manfaat pemendaman [[tanaman penutup tanah]] (''cover crop'') terhadap hasil pertanaman. Cato, dengan karyanya ''[[De Agri Cultura]]'' ("On Farming"), telah menyarankan [[pengolahan tanah]], dan [[rotasi tanaman]] (termasuk penggunaan legum dalam salah satu tahap rotasi). Ia di sana juga telah memberikan panduan jenis-jenis tanah yang sesuai dengan tanaman tertentu untuk mendukung pertanaman yang baik.

<!-- [[Jan Baptist van Helmont]] (1577–1644) performed a famous experiment, growing a willow tree in a pot of soil and supplying only rainwater for five years. The weight gained by the tree was greater than the weight loss of the soil. He concluded that the willow was made of water. Although only partly correct, his experiment reignited interest in edaphology.<ref>Xenophon, Cato and Van Helmont: see page 9-12 ''in'' {{Cite book | last = Miller | first = Raymond W. | last2 = Gardiner | first2 = Duane T. | title = Soils in Our Environment | url = https://archive.org/details/soilsinourenviro00mill | place = Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 1998 | edition = 8th | isbn = 0136108822}}</ref> -->

Agricultural soil science is the application of soil chemistry, physics, and biology dealing with the production of crops. In terms of [[soil chemistry]], it places particular emphasis on [[plant nutrition|plant nutrients]] of importance to [[farming]] and [[horticulture]], especially with regard to [[fertility (soil)|soil fertility]] and [[fertilizer]] components.

[[soil physics|Physical edaphology]] is strongly associated with crop [[irrigation]] and [[drainage]].

* [http://eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=2539 European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301070438/http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=2539 |date=2007-03-01 }} Diakses 7 Januari 2008

* SSSA [https://www.soils.org/sssagloss/index.php Glosari Ilmu Tanah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927234111/http://www.soils.org/sssagloss/index.php |date=2006-09-27 }} Url last accessed 2008-01-07

* [http://iaspub.epa.gov/trs/trs_proc_qry.alphabet?p_term_nm=ALL&p_reg_auth_id=1&p_data_id=11614&p_version=1 USEPA Term list (theme=soil)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228010915/http://iaspub.epa.gov/trs/trs_proc_qry.alphabet?p_term_nm=ALL&p_reg_auth_id=1&p_data_id=11614&p_version=1 |date=2007-02-28 }} Url last accessed 2008-01-07