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#ALIH [[Korea]]
[[Image:Locationmap Korea.png|right|Letak Semenanjung Korea]]
'''Semenanjung Korea''' ([[Hangul]]: 한반도 ''Han bando'' di [[Korea Selatan]], 조선반도 ''Choson bando'' di [[Korea Utara]]) adalah sebuah [[semenanjung]] di [[Asia Timur]], yang memanjang sekitar 1.100 kilometer ke arah selatan daratan [[Asia]] kontinental hingga [[Samudra Pasifik]] dan dikelilingi [[Laut Jepang]] (di Korea dikenal dengan nama "[[Laut Jepang|Laut Timur]]") di timur, [[Laut China Timur]] di selatan, dan [[Laut Kuning]] di barat. Semenanjung Korea saat ini terbagi menjadi dua negara: [[Korea Selatan]] dan [[Korea Utara]]. Sebelum perpecahan yang membentuk kedua negara tersebut setelah berakhirnya [[Perang Dunia II]], [[Korea]] adalah sebuah entitas politik tunggal selama berabad-abad lamanya yang wilayahnya mencakup wilayah kira-kira di sekitar Semenanjung Korea.
Perbatasan Semenanjung Korea di utara umumnya dianggap sebagai perbatasan politik antara Korea Utara dan [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] (1.416 km) dan [[Rusia]] (19 km). Perbatasan ini terbentuk secara alami melalui [[Sungai Yalu]] (Amnok) dan [[Sungai Tumen]]. Menggunakan definisi ini, Semenanjung Korea mempunyai wilayah seluas 220.000 [[km²]].
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==Physical geography==
Mountains cover 70 percent of the Korean Peninsula and arable plains are generally small and far in between the successive mountain ranges. The peninsula becomes more mountainous towards the north and the east, with the highest mountains (including [[Baitou Mountain|Paektu-san/Baekdu-san]] which stands at 2,744 m) found in the north.
The peninsula has 8,460 kilometres of coastline, and the south and west coasts are highly irregular in particular; most of the 3,579 [[island]]s off the peninsula are found along the south and the west coasts.
==Climate==
The climate of the Korean Peninsula differs dramatically from north to south. The southern regions experience a relatively warm and wet climate similar to that of [[Japan]], affected by warm ocean waters including the [[East Korea Warm Current]]. The northern regions experience a colder and to some extent more inland climate, in common with [[Manchuria]]. For example, the annual precipitation of the [[Yalu River]] valley (600 mm) is less than half of that on the south coast (1500 mm). {{ref|rainfall1}} Likewise, there is a 20 °C difference in January temperature between the peninsula's southern and northern tips.
The entire peninsula, however, is affected by similar general patterns, including the East Asian [[monsoon]] in midsummer and the frequent incidence of typhoons in autumn. The majority of rainfall takes place during the summer months, with nearly half during the monsoon alone. Winters are cold, with January temperatures typically below freezing outside of [[Jeju]] Island. Winter precipitation is minimal, with little snow accumulation outside of mountainous areas.
==Biogeography==
Surveys of Korean flora have identified more than 3,000 species on the peninsula, of which more than 500 are [[endemic]]. The peninsula's [[floristic province]]s are commonly divided between [[warm-temperate]], [[temperate]], and [[cold-temperate]] zones. The warm-temperate zone prevails over the southern coast and islands, including [[Jeju]]. It is typified by a larg number of [[broad-leaved evergreen]]s. The temperate zone covers the great majority of the peninsula, away from the southern coast and high mountains. It is dominated by the [[Korean pine]] and various broad-leaved deciduous trees. Cold-temperate vegetation is found along the peninsula's northern fringe and in the high mountains, including the upper reaches of [[Hallasan]] on Jeju. Evergreens in this area include [[larch]] and [[juniper]]. Much of this vegetation is shared with Manchuria.
==Geology==
The terrain of the Korean peninsula is rumpled, covered with low mountains. Most rocks are of [[Precambrian]] origin, although isolated pockets of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic rock can also be found.
There are no active volcanoes on the peninsula. However, [[Baekdu Mountain]] in the north and [[Hallasan]] in the south have [[crater lake]]s, indicating that they were active not long ago. In addition, [[Ulleung Island]] in the [[Sea of Japan]] is believed to have been of volcanic origin. Furthermore, [[hot springs]] indicative of low-level volcanic activity are widespread throughout the peninsula. Roughly two earthquakes are recorded per year, but few have any major impact.
==Symbolism==
The [[Unification Flag]] has a blue map of the Korean Peninsula on a white background. The flag was introduced in 1991 to represent the joint North and South Korean team at the [[table tennis]] world championships. The athletes from the two Koreas marched together under this flag at the [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney Olympics]] and the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens Olympics]].
==Notes==
#{{note|rainfall1}} KOIS 2003, p. 17.
==References==
{{Book reference|Title=Handbook of Korea, 11th ed.|Author=KOIS ([[Korea Overseas Information Service]])|Publisher=Seoul:[[Hollym]]|Year=2003|ID=ISBN 1-56591-212-8}}
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==Lihat pula==
*[[Geografi Korea Selatan]]
*[[Geografi Korea Utara]]
[[Category:Semenanjung|Korea]]
[[Category:Geografi Korea]]
[[en:Korean Peninsula]]
[[eo:Korea duoninsulo]]
[[fi:Korean niemimaa]]
[[gl:Península de Corea]]
[[ja:朝鮮半島]]
[[ko:한반도]]
[[pl:Półwysep Koreański]]
[[pt:Península da Coreia]]
[[ru:Корейский полуостров]]
[[sh:Korejski poluotok]]
[[sv:Koreahalvön]]
[[zh:朝鲜半岛]]
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