Skanderbeg: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{terjemah|Inggris}}

 

 

== Biografi ==

 

 

=== Melayani dalam Tentara Utsmani ===

Skanderbeg yang dilahirkan di [[Krujë]], adalah keturunan dari keluarga Kastriotis, yang merupakan salah satu keluarga utama dari apa yang dulu dikenal sebagai Arberia (kini Albania).

 

 

 

 

[[Berkas:Skenderbeg battle.jpg|thumb|right|235px|The drawing of Skanderbeg battle]]

 

For the next five years Albania was allowed some respite as the new sultan set out to conquer the last vestiges of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The first test between the armies of the new sultan and Skanderbeg came in [[1455]] during the [[Siege of Berat]], and would end in the most disastrous defeat Skanderbeg would suffer. Skanderbeg had sieged the town's castle for months, causing the demoralized Turkish officer in charge of the castle to promise his surrender. At that point Skanderbeg relaxed the grip and left the siege location. He left behind one of his generals and half of his cavalry at the bank of the river [[Osam]] to finalize the surrender.

 

 

[[Berkas:Gjergji statue kruja albania 2004-08-07.jpg|left|thumb|235px|Statue of Skanderbeg, in [[Krujë]], Albania]]

In [[1461]] the Sultan proposed<ref name="Tennent1845" /> terms of accommodation with Skanderbeg and a peace was concluded between them on June 22. In the same year, Skanderbeg launched a successful campaign<ref name="jensen" /> against the [[Angevin]] noblemen and their allies who sought to destabilize King [[Ferdinand I of Naples]]. For his services<ref name="cwe1876" /> he gained the title '''Duke of San Pietro''' in the kingdom of Naples. After securing the Neapolitan kingdom, a crucial ally in his struggle, he returned home. In [[1464]] Skanderbeg fought and defeated [[Ballaban Badera]], an Albanian renegade who had captured a large number of Albanian army commanders <ref name="musachi">John Musachi, 1515, ''[http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts/AH11.html Brief Chronicle on the Descendants of our Musachi Dynasty]''</ref>, including [[Moisi Arianit Golemi]], a cavalry commander; [[Vladan Giurica]], the chief army economist (maybe quartermaster? ) [[Muzaka of Angelina]], a nephew of Skanderbeg, and 18 other noblemen and army captains. These men, after they were captured, were sent immediately to [[Istanbul]] and tortured for fifteen days<ref name="musachi" />. Skanderbeg’s pleas to have these men back, by either ransom or prisoner exchange, failed.

 

 

A few months later in [[1467]], Mehmed, frustrated by his inability to subdue Albania, again led the largest army of its time into Albania. Krujë was besieged for a third time, but on a much grander scale. While a contingent kept the city and its forces pinned down, Ottoman armies came pouring in from [[Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire|Bosnia]], [[Serbia]], [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], and [[Greece]] with the aim of keeping the whole country surrounded, thereby strangling Skanderbeg’s supply routes and limiting his mobility. During this conflict, Skanderbeg fell ill with [[malaria]] in the Venetian-controlled city of Lezhë, and died on [[January 17]] [[1468]], just as the army under the leadership of [[Leke Dukagjini]] defeated the Ottoman force in [[Shkodër]].

 

=== After death ===

 

The Albanian resistance went on after the death of Skanderbeg for an additional ten years under the leadership of Dukagjini, though with only moderate success and no great victories. In [[1478]], the fourth siege of Krujë finally proved successful for the Ottomans; demoralized and severely weakened by hunger and lack of supplies from the year-long siege, the defenders surrendered to Mehmed, who had promised them to leave unharmed in exchange. As the Albanians were walking away with their families, however, the Ottomans reneged on this promise, killing the men and enslaving the women and children<ref name="Babinger" />.

{{Sectstub}}

 

 

When the Ottomans found the grave of Skanderbeg in [[Saint Nicholas]] church of Lezhë, they opened it and made [[amulets]] of his bones<ref name="gibbon" />, believing that these would confer bravery on the wearer.

{{reflist|2}}

 

* ''Diadaptasi dari biografi [[Fan S. Noli]] ''George Castrioti Scanderbeg''

 

 

* [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/albania.htm Sumber kisah kepahlawanan tentang Scanderbeg]

* [http://www.gctechgroup.com/leita/csociety.htm The Arbreshe and Contessa Entellina]

* [[Benjamin Disraeli]], 1833, ''[http://www.ibiblio.org/disraeli/iskander.pdf The Rise of Iskander]'', (Perhatian: ini adalah sebuah fiksi sejarah)

 

{{lifetime|1405|1468|}}

 

[[Kategori:Sejarah Albania]]

[[Kategori:Tokoh Albania]]