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{{Humanisme}}
'''[[Humanisme]] [[Renaisans]]''' adalah sekumpulan ajaran intelektual Yunani dan Romawi yang awalnya muncul di [[Italia]], dan kemudian menyebar di [[Eropa]].<ref>Nicholas Mann "The Origins of Humanism", ''Cambridge Companion to Humanism'', Jill Kraye, editor [Cambridge University Press, 1996], hal. 1&ndash;21–2).</ref> Ajaran ini berkembang selama abad ke-14 dan ke-15, dan merupakan tanggapan terhadap pendidikan skolastik abad pertengahan yang menekankan studi praktikal, pra-profesional, dan ilmiah. [[Skolastisisme]] berupaya mempersiapkan murid untuk menjadi dokter, pengacara, atau teolog profesional, dan pengejaran dilakukan melalui buku logika, filsafat, kedokteran, hukum, dan teknologi,<ref>Craig W. Kallendorf, introduction to ''Humanist Educational Treatises'', edited and translated by Craig W. Kallendorf (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London England: The I Tatti Renaissance Library, 2002) hal. vii.</ref> sementara para humanis berupaya agar rakyat (seringkalisering kali termasuk perempuan) mampu berbicara dan menulis dengan lancar dan jelas dan maka mampu terlibat dalam kehidupan komunitas mereka dan meyakinkan orang lain untuk melakukan tindakan yang saleh dan bijaksana. Hal ini akan dicapai melalui studi ''[[humanitashumaniora|studia humanitatis]]'', yang kini dikenal dengan nama [[humanitashumaniora]]: tata bahasa, retorikretorika, sejarah, puisi, dan filsafat moral.<ref>Paul Oskar Kristeller, ''Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts'' (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 178. See also Kristeller's ''Renaissance Thought I'', "Humanism and Scholasticism In the Italian Renaissance", ''Byzantion 17'' (1944–45), pp. 346&ndash;74346–74. Reprinted in ''Renaissance Thought'' (New York: Harper Torchbooks), 1961.</ref>
 
Pusat humanisme yang penting pada masa itu adalah [[Florence]], [[Naples]], [[Roma]], [[Venesia]], [[Mantua]], [[Ferrara]], dan [[Urbino]].
 
== CatatanContoh humanisme Eropa kaki ==
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Baris 15 ⟶ 16:
* [[Erasmus]], Desiderius. "The Epicurean". In ''Colloquies''.
* [[Eugenio Garin|Garin, Eugenio]]. ''Science and Civic Life in the Italian Renaissance''. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Garin, Eugenio. ''Italian Humanism: Philosophy and Civic Life in the Renaissance.'' Basil Blackwell, 1965.
* Garin, Eugenio. ''History of Italian Philosophy.'' (2 vols.) Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2008. ISBN 978-90-420-2321-5
* [[Anthony Grafton|Grafton, Anthony]]. ''Bring Out Your Dead: The Past as Revelation''. Harvard University Press, 2004 ISBN 0-674-01597-5
Baris 26 ⟶ 27:
* [[Quentin Skinner|Skinner, Quentin]]. ''Renaissance Virtues: Visions of Politics: Volume II''. Cambridge University Press, [2002] 2007.
* McManus, Stuart M. "Byzantines in the Florentine Polis: Ideology, Statecraft and Ritual during the Council of Florence". ''[[Journal of the Oxford University History Society]]'', 6 (Michaelmas 2008/Hilary 2009).
* {{cite book | author=Melchert, Norman | title=The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy | url=https://archive.org/details/greatconversatio00norm|publisher=McGraw Hill | year=2002 | isbn=0-19-517510-7}}
* Nauert, Charles Garfield. ''Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe (New Approaches to European History).'' Cambridge University Press, 2006.
* [[John H. Plumb|Plumb, J. H.]] ed.: ''The Italian Renaissance'' 1961, American Heritage, New York, ISBN 0-618-12738-0 (page refs from 1978 UK Penguin edn).
* [[Roberto Rossellini|Rossellini, Roberto]]. ''The Age of the Medici'': Part 1, ''Cosimo de' Medici''; Part 2, ''Alberti'' 1973. (Film Series). Criterion Collection.
* [[John Addington Symonds|Symonds, John Addington]].''The Renaissance in Italy''. Seven Volumes. 1875-1886.
* {{cite book|url=http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaGenText/tei/DicHist4.xml;chunk.id=dv4-20 | contribution = Renaissance Idea of the Dignity of Man | title = Dictionary of the History of Ideas | accessdate=2009-12-02 | last = Trinkaus | first = Charles | editor-last = Wiener | editor-first = Philip P | year = 1973 | isbn = 0-684-13293-1}}
* Trinkaus, Charles. ''The Scope of Renaissance Humanism''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1983.
* [[Edgar Wind|Wind, Edgar]]. ''Pagan Mysteries in the Renaissance''. New York: W.W. Norton, 1969.
 
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/humanism/H1.html Humanism 1: An Outline by Albert Rabil, Jr.]
* [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/humanism.html "Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture: Humanism". The Library of Congress. 2002-07-01]
 
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