Wikipedia

Sali Berisha: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
ArthurBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
80.710 suntingan
k bot Menambah: tr:Sali Berisha
Aderiqueza (bicara | kontrib)
672 suntingan
+image #WPWP #WPWPNG
 
(40 revisi perantara oleh 26 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox_President
| name =Sali RamSali Berisha
| image=Bush - Berisha 20070610-1 p061007cg-0198-515h =Sali Berisha 2008.jpg
| caption = Berisha, 2008
| caption=Sali Berisha bersama [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[George W. Bush]].
| image_dimension = 250px
| nationality=[[Albania]]
| office = [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Albania|Perdana Menteri Albania ke-31]]
| religion=[[Islam Suni]]
| president = [[Alfred Moisiu]]<br>[[Bamir Topi]]<br>[[Bujar Nishani]]
| order=[[Presiden Albania]] ke-2
| deputy = [[Ilir Rusmali]]<br>[[Gazmend Oketa]]<br>[[Genc Pollo]]<br>[[Ilir Meta]]<br>[[Edmond Haxhinasto]]<br>[[Myqerem Tafaj]]
| term_start=[[9 April]] [[1992]]
| term_start = 11 September 2005
| term_end=[[24 Juli]] [[1997]]
| term_end = 15 September 2013
| predecessor=[[Ramiz Alia]]
| predecessor = [[Fatos Nano]]
| successor=[[Rexhep Meidani]]
| successor = [[Edi Rama]]
| birth_date={{birth date and age|1944|10|15}}
| office1 = [[Daftar Presiden Albania|Presiden Albania]]
| birth_place=[[Tropojë]], [[Albania]]
| primeminister1 = [[Vilson Ahmeti]]<br>[[Aleksandër Meksi]]<br>[[Bashkim Fino]]
| death_date=
| term_start1 = 9 April 1992
| spouse=[[Liri Berisha]]
| term_end1 = 24 Juli 1997
| party=[[Partai Demokrat Albania]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ramiz Alia]]
| profession=Dokter Rumah Sakit
| successor1 = [[Rexhep Meidani]]
| office2 = Pendiri dan Pemimpin Partai Demokratik Albania
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|10|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Viçidol]], [[Albania]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Partai Buruh Albania|Partai Buruh]] {{small|(sebelum 1991)}}<br>[[Partai Demokratik Albania|Partai Demokratik]] {{small|(1991–sekarang)}}
| spouse = Liri Ramaj
| children = 2
| religion = [[Islam]]
| alma_mater = [[Universitas Tirana]]
}}
{{audio|Sq-Sali_Berisha.ogg|'''Sali Ram Berisha'''}} ({{lahirmati|[[Viçidol]]|15|10|1944}}) adalah seorang [[kardiologi]]s [[Albania]] dan juga politikus yang menjabat sebagai [[Presiden Albania]] dari tahun 1992 hingga 1997 dan [[Perdana Menteri Albania|Perdana Menteri]] periode 2005 hingga 2013. Dia juga adalah pemimpin [[Partai Demokratik Albania]] dua kali, dari 1991 hingga 1992 dan kemudian lagi 1997 hingga 2013. Sampai saat ini, Berisha adalah pemimpin terlama yang terpilih secara demokratis dan satu-satunya Presiden Albania yang terpilih untuk dua kali masa jabatan.
 
Berisha adalah seorang intelektual terkemuka pada tahun 1990, setelah jatuhnya [[tembok Berlin]], ia menyerukan penghapusan negara satu partai dan transisi menuju demokrasi. Setelah sebelumnya pernah menjadi sekretaris komite [[Partai Buruh Albania|Partai Buruh]] di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tirana, ia meninggalkan kariernya sebagai seorang kardiologis dan profesor universitas untuk menjadi pemimpin Partai Demokrat pada 1990-an. Dari tahun 1992, setelah jatuhnya [[komunisme]], ia menjabat sebagai [[Presiden Albania]] sampai [[Pemberontakan Albania 1997|pemerintahnya runtuh]] pada tahun 1997. Dari tahun 1997 sampai 2005, Albania diperintah oleh [[Partai Sosialis Albania|Partai Sosialis]] (PS) selama dua periode, sementara ia menjadi [[oposisi]].
{{audio|Sq-Sali_Berisha.ogg|'''Sali Ram Berisha'''}} (lahir [[15 Oktober]] [[1944]]) adalah [[Perdana Menteri Albania|Perdana Menteri]] [[Albania|Republik Albania]]. Ia pernah menjabat [[Presiden Albania|Presiden]] pada periode [[1992]] - [[1997]].
 
Pada tahun 2005, Partai Demokratik memenangkan pemilu, dan ia menjadi Perdana Menteri setelah koalisinya membentuk pemerintah baru. Pada tahun 2009, ia kembali terpilih sebagai Perdana Menteri, setelah Partai Demokratik dinyatakan menang tipis pada pemilihan umum, tetapi dipaksa berkoalisi dengan [[Gerakan Sosialis untuk Integrasi]] (LSI) karena tidak memenangkan cukup kursi sendiri untuk pertama kalinya sejak memulai demokrasi multi-partai pada tahun 1991.
<!--Berisha was born in Vicidol, a village near the [[Kosovo|Kosova]]n border, in [[Albania]]'s mountainous northeastern [[Tropojë District|Tropojë]] region. He studied [[medicine]] at the [[University of Tirana]], graduating in ([[1967]]). After advanced studies in [[Paris]] ([[France]]) in the 80s, he conducted a research program on [[hemodynamics]]. In [[1968]] he was elected member of the [[European Committee for Research on Medical Sciences]]. A member of Albania's communist Party of Labor, he had run the party organisation at the hospital's Cardiology Clinic. Berisha also taught medicine at the University of Tirana ([[1980]] – [[1990]]), published study books, textbooks and articles on cardiology, inside and internationally. He holds the scientific title [[Doctor of Philosophy|Professor Doctor]]. He has worked as a heart surgeon and as a professor at the Cardiology Clinic in [[Tirana]].
 
== Awal kehidupan dan karier ==
Dr. Berisha 's political career kicked off in 1989 when he demanded the government to slacken political control and allow dissent in articles he wrote in the local press. He somewhat affronted Ramiz Alia, the country's Communist leader, with such a need in a tense meeting Alia had with intellectuals in the middle of that year.
Berisha lahir di Viçidol, [[Distrik Tropojë]], [[Kukës County]], utara [[Albania]], dekat perbatasan [[Kosovo]] dari pasangan Ram dan Sheqere Berisha. Ia menyelesaikan kuliah kedokteran di [[Universitas Tirana]] pada tahun 1967. Ia mengambil spesialisasi kardiologi dan kemudian ditunjuk sebagai asisten profesor fakultas kedokteran di universitas yang sama dan menjadi kardiologis pada Rumah Sakit Umum Tirana. Pada saat yang sama, Berisha menjadi anggota forum diskusi untuk perubahan pada Partai Buruh Albania.<ref>[http://www.albaniasite.net/38191/takimi-me-intelektualet-berisha-ishte-kunder-pluralizmit AlbaniaSite – Nje bote plot me informacione » Takimi me intelektualët, Berisha ishte kundër pluralizmit]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Albania Site (14-05-2010). Diakses 13-05-2012.</ref>
 
== Kehidupan pribadi ==
Berisha then supported a student strike in December [[1990]] at the University of Tirana which, within days, turned political and pressured the government to allow the creation of new parties in Albania. The Democratic Party of Albania was founded by students and intellectuals the same month, and in [[1991]], Berisha was elected its chair, controlling it until now. He has been elected member of Albania's parliament in [[1991]], [[1992]], [[1997]], [[2001]] from the pro-Democratic Party constituency of [[Kavaje]].
Sali Berisha menikah dengan Liri Berisha. Liri Berisha adalah presiden ''Albania Children Foundation''. Sebuah yayasan berfokus pada anak [[autis]] dan [[down syndrome]]. Pasangan ini memiliki dua anak, seorang putri, Argita Malltezi, dan seorang putra, Shkelzen Berisha.<ref>{{sq icon}} [http://www.keshilliministrave.al/index.php?fq=brenda&r=&gj=gj1&kid=17 Sali Berisha|Keshilli i Ministrave] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218164846/http://www.keshilliministrave.al/index.php?fq=brenda&r=&gj=gj1&kid=17 |date=2010-02-18 }}. Keshilliministrave.al. Diakses 13 Mei 2012.</ref>
 
Berisha telah digambarkan sebagai seorang [[Muslim]] oleh banyak sumber-sumber Barat.<ref name="Nonneman">{{cite book|last1=Nonneman|first1=Gerd|last2=Niblock|first2=Tim|last3=Szajkowski|first3=Bogdan|title=Muslim Communities in the New Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IYCl8qyqB34C&pg=PA146&dq=sali+berisha+muslim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=f_v6UK-yKoiWqgH1loHYBQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=sali%20berisha%20muslim&f=false|accessdate=19 Januari 2013|year=1997|publisher=Garnet Publishing Limited|location=Berkshire|isbn=0863722237|page=146}}</ref><ref name="Vickers">{{cite book|last1=Vickers|first1=Miranda|last2=Pettifer|first2=James|title=Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uEwo1qeK8fQC&pg=PA107&dq=sali+berisha+muslim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Gv36UK7xLMbwqQGd5oH4Dw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=sali%20berisha%20muslim&f=false|accessdate=19 Januari 2013|year=1997|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York, NY|page=107}}</ref>
After the first free elections of Albania, Berisha was elected President of the Republic on [[April 9]], [[1992]]. His administration, under Prime Minister [[Aleksander Meksi]] embraced free market policies including trade liberalization and privatization of state property, but also allowed the budding of [[Ponzi scheme|Ponzi saving schemes]]. In the political field, he was seen as increasingly oppressive, urging the arrest and sentencing of opposition leader Fatos Nano. Such a record suffered a first crack in November [[1994]], when Berisha lost a constitutional referendum amidst fears the draft he supported would have given him even more powers.
 
== Lihat pula ==
Despite many reforms, the administration was marred by corruption and abuses.
Progress was stalled in [[1995]] and it resulted in declining public confidence on government institutions. Berisha's Democratic Party won a general election in [[May 26]], [[1996]], which was marred by accusations of intimidation, manipulation and violent squelching of a peaceful opposition protests discrediting them. The country plunged into a political crisis, as Berisha and his Democratic Party bullheadedly refused to annull the elections -- they had won four-fifths of the seats in parliament -- and the opposition Socialists abandoned the institutions.
 
* [[Sejarah Albania]]
The collapse of the Ponzi schemes towards the end of 1996, where it is alleged that Albanians invested $1 billion worth of life savings since 1994, recapped the crisis. The schemes, which were naively portrayed as Albania's success story, lavishly supported the Democratic Party elections in May and November. Albanians, looking to the government for hints on the schemes, perceived a soothing message when Berisha said: "Albanians' money is the most dirt free in the world". The widespread rumor at the time was that the schemes were surviving because of widespread laundering of European criminal money by the schemes.
* [[Presiden Albania]]
 
== Referensi ==
The schemes failed, one by one, from December 1996, and demonstrators took to the streets to accuse the government of having stolen the money. Again, those demonstrations, which were now taken over by the opposition, were squelched. By March, military depots around the country were looted and for a time it looked like civil war would erupt between the government and demonstrators. Initially, Berisha refused opposition demands to step down. However, early elections were held in June [[1997]] and they led to the victory of a socialist-led coalition of parties. He resigned from the president's tenure one month after the loss of the elections of the DP and the victory of the left coalition. Since then he has been chair of the DP, the biggest opposition party. In July of [[1997]], Berisha was replaced by the socialist [[Rexhep Meidani]].
 
{{reflist}}
Berisha's peevish record was maintained during the opposition, when he lost two elections, in 1997 and 2001, but refused to accept loss, alleging irregularities; he led continuous demonstrations demanding fresh elections, which, at times would turn violent. But a more moderate image in public, widespread discontent with rampant corruption and sumptuous arrogance of the Socialist Party, and a complex election bill ushered Berisha back to power in the [[general election]] of 3 July 2005.
On September 3, 2005, after marathon sessions of [[Silvio Berlusconi|Berlusconi-style]] challenges by ruling Socialists on election results, and negotiations with smaller parties, Berisha became [[Prime Minister]].-->
 
== Lihat pula ==
*[[Sejarah Albania]]
*[[Presiden Albania]]
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.keshilliministrave.al/english/default.asp Official Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130807020847/http://keshilliministrave.al/ Versi arsip situs web resmi]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/world/asia/27ammo.html?_r=2&ref=world&oref=slogin&oref=slogin "Supplier Under Scrutiny on Arms for Afghans", artikel New York Times]
* [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbo=1&biw=1280&bih=703&tbm=bks&q=sali+berisha&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq= "Sali Berisha" Pertanyaan pada Google Scholar]
* [http://www.lajme.gen.al/teme/sali-berisha.html Berita tentang Sali Berisha] (dalam bahasa Albania)
 
{{s-start}}
== Kontak ==
{{s-ppo}}
Kryeministri<br />
{{s-new|party}}
Kantor Perdana Menteri <br />
{{s-ttl|title=Pemimpin {{nowrap|[[Partai Demokratik Albania|Partai Demokratik]]}}|years=1991–1992}}
Bulevardi Deshmoret ë Kombit <br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Eduard Selami]]}}
Tiranë<br />
|-
ALBANIA<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Genc Pollo]]}}
*[mailto:[email protected] E-Mail]
{{s-ttl|title=Pemimpin {{nowrap|[[Partai Demokratik Albania|Partai Demokratik]]}}|years=1997–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lulzim Basha]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ramiz Alia]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Presiden Albania]]|years=1992–1997}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rexhep Meidani]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Fatos Nano]]}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|[[Perdana Menteri Albania]]}}|years=2005–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edi Rama]]}}
{{s-end}}
 
{{Presiden Albania}}
 
{{startAuthority boxcontrol}}
{{succession box|title=[[Presiden Albania]]|before=[[Ramiz Alia]]|after=[[Rexhep Meidani]]|years=[[1992]] – [[1997]]}}
{{succession box|title=[[Perdana Menteri Albania]]|before=[[Fatos Nano]]|after=''Masih Menjabat''|years=[[2005]] – Sekarang}}
{{end box}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sali, Berisha}}
[[Kategori:Presiden Albania|Berisha, Sali]]
[[Kategori:AktivisPresiden Demokrasi|Berisha, SaliAlbania]]
[[Kategori:Atheisme|Berisha, Sali]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1944|Berisha, Sali]]
[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Albania]]
 
 
[[ar:سالي باريشا]]
{{politikus-stub}}
[[bg:Сали Бериша]]
[[br:Sali Berisha]]
[[cs:Sali Berisha]]
[[da:Sali Berisha]]
[[de:Sali Berisha]]
[[el:Σαλί Μπερίσα]]
[[en:Sali Berisha]]
[[eo:Sali Berisha]]
[[es:Sali Berisha]]
[[et:Sali Berisha]]
[[fi:Sali Berisha]]
[[fr:Sali Berisha]]
[[ga:Sali Berisha]]
[[hr:Sali Berisha]]
[[hu:Sali Berisha]]
[[io:Sali Berisha]]
[[it:Sali Berisha]]
[[ja:サリ・ベリシャ]]
[[nl:Sali Berisha]]
[[nn:Sali Berisha]]
[[no:Sali Berisha]]
[[oc:Sali Berisha]]
[[pl:Sali Berisha]]
[[pt:Sali Berisha]]
[[ro:Sali Berisha]]
[[ru:Бериша, Сали Рам]]
[[sl:Sali Berisha]]
[[sq:Sali Berisha]]
[[sr:Сали Бериша]]
[[sv:Sali Berisha]]
[[tr:Sali Berisha]]
[[zh:萨利·贝里沙]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Sali_Berisha"