The Ocean Cleanup: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Short description|Organisasi nirlaba lingkungan Belanda yang menciptakan teknologi bersih untuk membersihkan lautan dan sungai dari plastik}}
{{Infobox organization
Baris 16 ⟶ 15:
| formation = {{start date and age|2013}}
| founder =
| founding_location = [[Delft]],
| type =
| tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organizations) -->
| registration_id = <!-- for non-profit org -->
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters = [[Rotterdam]],
| location =
| coords = {{Coord|51|55|15|N|4|28|06|E|display=inline, title}}
Baris 64 ⟶ 63:
'''The Ocean Cleanup''' adalah [[organisasi]] [[Organisasi nirlaba|nirlaba]] rekayasa lingkungan yang berbasis di [[Belanda]], yang mengembangkan teknologi untuk mengekstraksi [[polusi plastik]] dari lautan dan mencegatnya di sungai sebelum dapat mencapai laut. Setelah pengujian awal dan pembuatan prototipe di [[Laut Utara]], Cleanup menerapkan prototipe skala penuh pertama mereka di [[Pusat sampah Pasifik Besar|Pusat Sampah Pasifik Besar]]. Namun mengalami kesulitan setelah dua bulan dan ditarik ke Hawaii untuk diperiksa dan diperbaiki. Pada Juni 2019, sistem prototipe kedua mulai digunakan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1071|title=Tackling the Great Pacific Garbage Patch with The Ocean Cleanup Project|date=March 10, 2020|website=AZoCleantech.com|access-date=April 1, 2021|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302200500/https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1071|url-status=live}}</ref> Cleanup juga menerapkan teknologi rekayasa sungai bernama Interceptor, di dua lokasi pada 2019. Cleanup mengumumkan proyek tersebut ke publik pada Oktober 2019. Selanjut alat yang sama dininstall pada 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/the-ocean-cleanup-unveils-river-vessel|title=The Ocean Cleanup Unveils River Vessel|website=The Maritime Executive|access-date=2021-04-01|archive-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128055237/https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/the-ocean-cleanup-unveils-river-vessel|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 2021, mereka mengumumkan bahwa pengujian prototipe Sistem 002 berhasil.<ref name="cohen">{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Li|date=2021-10-16|title=Nearly 20,000 pounds of trash removed from one of the biggest accumulations of ocean plastic in the world|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trash-removed-from-great-pacific-garbage-patch/|access-date=2021-10-19|website=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref> Pada tahun 2022, Interceptor Original pertama yang digunakan di [[Amerika Serikat]] dipasang di [[Ballona Creek]] dekat [[Los Angeles, California]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://theoceancleanup.com/dashboard/#interceptorforlacounty|title=Interceptor for LA County|website=www.theoceancleanup.com}}</ref>
Organisasi ini melakukan penelitian ilmiah tentang polusi plastik di lautan. Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tahun 2013 oleh [[Boyan Slat]], seorang penemu kelahiran Belanda-[[pengusaha]] dari [[Kroasia]] dan asal Belanda<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/life/znanost/hrvat-koji-cisti-oceane-moj-tata-zivi-u-istri-a-ja-sam-s-ustedevinom-od-200-%E2%82%AC-ostvario-san/4632887/|title=Hrvat Koji Čisti Oceane – Moj tata živi u Istri, a ja sam s ušteđevinom od 200 € ostvario san|work=jutarnji.hr|access-date=2017-04-13|language=en|archive-date=2018-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614071704/https://www.jutarnji.hr/life/znanost/hrvat-koji-cisti-oceane-moj-tata-zivi-u-istri-a-ja-sam-s-ustedevinom-od-200-%E2%82%AC-ostvario-san/4632887/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.hr/vijesti/nizozemac-hrvatskog-podrijetla-izumio-sustav-koji-elimira-plasticni-otpad-iz-mora/346501/|title=Nizozemac hrvatskog podrijetla izumio sustav koji elimira plastični otpad iz mora|website=www.monitor.hr|access-date=2017-04-13|archive-date=2017-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413153647/http://www.monitor.hr/vijesti/nizozemac-hrvatskog-podrijetla-izumio-sustav-koji-elimira-plasticni-otpad-iz-mora/346501/|url-status=dead}}</ref> yang menjabat sebagai CEO-nya. Cleanup telah melakukan dua ekspedisi ke [[North Pacific Gyre]], Ekspedisi Mega dan Ekspedisi Udara, dan terus menerbitkan karya ilmiah.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cleanup|first=The Ocean|title=The Ocean Cleanup Launches Mega Expedition, Largest Research Expedition In History|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-ocean-cleanup-launches-mega-expedition-largest-research-expedition-in-history-300068351.html|access-date=2020-08-10|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|archive-date=2020-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312013202/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-ocean-cleanup-launches-mega-expedition-largest-research-expedition-in-history-300068351.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=jason|date=2018-07-27|title=The Ocean Cleanup Aerial Expedition [All You Need To Know]|url=https://internationalairresponse.com/the-ocean-cleanup-aerial-expedition-all-you-need-to-know/|access-date=2020-08-10|website=International Air Response|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928032032/https://internationalairresponse.com/the-ocean-cleanup-aerial-expedition-all-you-need-to-know/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chen|first=Qiqing|date=November 2017|title=Pollutants in Plastics within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=52|issue=2|pages=446–456|doi=10.1021/acs.est.7b04682|pmid=29185716|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lebreton|first=L.|date=March 2018|title=Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=8|issue=1|pages=4666|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w|pmid=29568057|pmc=5864935|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.4666L}}</ref> Sistem samudra mereka terdiri dari penghalang terapung di permukaan air di [[pilin samudra|pilin samudra]], yang mengumpulkan [[puing|puing-puing di laut]] saat sistem didorong oleh angin, ombak, dan arus, dan diperlambat dengan jangkar laut.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-16|title=Into the Twilight Zone|url=https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/into-the-twilight-zone/|access-date=2020-08-10|website=The Ocean Cleanup|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928012618/https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/into-the-twilight-zone/|url-status=live}}</ref> The project aims to launch a total of 60 such systems, and they predict this capability could clean up 50% of the debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years from full scale deployment.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/08/scientists-get-ready-to-begin-great-pacific-garbage-patch-cleanup|title=Scientists get ready to begin Great Pacific Garbage Patch cleanup|last=Summers|first=Hannah|date=2018-09-08|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-11-02|archive-date=2018-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102040708/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/08/scientists-get-ready-to-begin-great-pacific-garbage-patch-cleanup|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=CNET|title=The Ocean Cleanup launches to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch|date=2018-09-10|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYC4Q-0wcAc&t=247s|access-date=2018-11-02|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107143047/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYC4Q-0wcAc&t=247s|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada akhir Oktober 2019, organisasi ini mengumumkan inisiatif baru, Interceptor, yang bertujuan untuk secara signifikan mengurangi jumlah plastik yang mengalir ke lautan dari sungai, Slat menjelaskan bagaimana "1% sungai bertanggung jawab atas 80% polusi di lautan dunia".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/dutch-foundation-launches-project-tackle-184500487.html|title=Dutch foundation launches project to tackle river plastic pollution|date=2019-10-26|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-26|ref=Yahoo Interceptor 2019-10-26|archive-date=2019-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026191549/https://news.yahoo.com/dutch-foundation-launches-project-tackle-184500487.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Rivers {{!}} The Interceptor, Explained {{!}} The Ocean Cleanup|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm1rH70wfJo|language=en|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-date=2019-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094018/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm1rH70wfJo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="youtube.com">{{Citation|title=Boyan Slat talks up his latest invention, The Interceptor|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMenLxORN6M|language=en|access-date=2019-10-25|archive-date=2019-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031143744/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMenLxORN6M|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Sejarah ==
[[File:Boyan Slat (2018).jpg|thumb|upright|CEO dan Pendiri [[Boyan Slat]] di acara bincang-bincang Belanda ''[[De Wereld Draait Door]]'' pada tahun 2018]]
Boyan Slat mengusulkan proyek pembersihan dan sistem pendukung pada tahun 2012. Pada bulan Oktober, Slat menguraikan proyek tersebut dalam [[TED (konferensi)|TED-talk]]. Desain awal terdiri dari penghalang terapung yang panjang yang dipasang di dasar laut, dipasang ke platform pusat berbentuk seperti [[manta ray]] untuk stabilitas. Penghalang akan mengarahkan plastik yang mengapung ke platform pusat, yang akan menghilangkan plastik dari air. Slat tidak menentukan dimensi sistem ini dalam pembicaraan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How the oceans can clean themselves: Boyan Slat at Delft |date=2012-10-24|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROW9F-c0kIQ|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908235828/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROW9F-c0kIQ|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada tahun 2014, desain direvisi, menggantikan platform pusat dengan menara yang terlepas dari penghalang apung. Platform ini akan mengumpulkan plastik menggunakan [[conveyor belt]]. Penghalang apung diusulkan sepanjang 100 km. The Ocean juga melakukan dan menerbitkan studi kelayakan mereka.<ref>The Ocean Cleanup (2014, June 3). Feasibility Study Published https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/feasibility-study-published/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127060120/https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/feasibility-study-published/ |date=2021-01-27 }}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, desain ini memenangkan London [[Design Museum]] Design of the Year,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> and the [[INDEX: Award]].<ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=http://www.globalpost.com/article/6637664/2015/08/27/ocean-cleaner-wins-top-danish-design-award|title=Ocean cleaner wins top Danish design award|date=2015-08-27|access-date=2015-08-30|publisher=GlobalPost.com|archive-date=2015-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830225126/http://www.globalpost.com/article/6637664/2015/08/27/ocean-cleaner-wins-top-danish-design-award|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://designtoimprovelife.dk/the-ocean-cleanup-array-index-award-2015-winner-community-category/|title=The Ocean Cleanup Array – Index: Award 2015 Winner (Community Category) – Index: Design to Improve Life®|date=2015-08-27|work=INDEX: Design to Improve Life®|access-date=2018-09-09|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909221848/https://designtoimprovelife.dk/the-ocean-cleanup-array-index-award-2015-winner-community-category/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 2015, [[model skala]] pengujian dilakukan di lingkungan yang terkendali.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/can-project-clean-millions-tons-ocean-plastic|title=Can this project clean up millions of tons of ocean plastic?|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-10|date=2016-08-14|archive-date=2018-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910204018/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/can-project-clean-millions-tons-ocean-plastic|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengujian dilakukan di kolam ombak di Deltares dan [[Institut Penelitian Maritim Belanda|MARIN]]. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji dinamika dan beban penghalang, ketika terkena arus dan gelombang, dan untuk mengumpulkan data untuk pemodelan komputasi lanjutan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/ocean-cleanup-enters-new-stage-with-model-experiments-in-test-basins-of-marin-and-deltares-the|title=Ocean Cleanup enters new stage with model experiments in test basins of Marin and Deltares, the Netherlands|date=November 23, 2015|website=Dutch Water Sector|access-date=November 7, 2019|archive-date=November 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107210009/https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/ocean-cleanup-enters-new-stage-with-model-experiments-in-test-basins-of-marin-and-deltares-the|url-status=live}}</ref>
Segmen 100 meter menjalani tes di [[Laut Utara]], lepas pantai Belanda pada musim panas 2016.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/great-pacific-garbage-patch-ocean-cleanup-plastic-timeline-2019-1#june-2016-the-startup-debuted-its-first-prototype-off-the-dutch-coast-8|title=The massive plastic-cleaning device a 25-year-old invented is finally catching some trash in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Take a look at its journey.|last=Kotecki|first=Peter|date=Sep 13, 2019|website=Business Insider|access-date=November 7, 2019|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204130743/https://www.businessinsider.com/great-pacific-garbage-patch-ocean-cleanup-plastic-timeline-2019-1#june-2016-the-startup-debuted-its-first-prototype-off-the-dutch-coast-8|url-status=live}}</ref> Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji ketahanan material yang dipilih dan hubungan antar elemen. Pengujian menunjukkan bahwa [[Boom (containment)|boom penahanan oli]] konvensional tidak dapat bertahan di lingkungan keras yang akan dihadapi sistem. Mereka mengubah material floater menjadi pipa [[High-density polyethylene|HDPE]] berdinding keras, yang cukup fleksibel untuk mengikuti gelombang, dan cukup kaku untuk mempertahankan bentuk U terbuka. Lebih banyak prototipe dikerahkan untuk menguji daya tahan komponen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/ocean-cleanups-fully-re-engineered-plastic-recovery-prototype-nears-completion|title=Ocean Cleanup's fully re-engineered plastic recovery prototype nears completion|date=February 21, 2018|website=Dutch Water Sector|access-date=November 7, 2019|archive-date=November 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107210015/https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/ocean-cleanups-fully-re-engineered-plastic-recovery-prototype-nears-completion|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 11 Mei 2017, The Ocean Cleanup mengumumkan perubahan desain baru dan rencana mereka untuk menguji sistem drifting baru mereka di Pasifik Utara pada tahun 2017.<ref name=":0" />
==Desain==
=== Ocean system ===
[[File:Floating barrier side view.svg|thumb|right|Diagram tampak samping:<br/>A: Angin<br/>B: Gelombang<br/>C: Arus<br/>D: Penghalang mengambang]]
Desain Jenny terbaru menggunakan struktur yang ditarik dan mengambang. Struktur berfungsi sebagai [[Boom (containment)|boom penahanan]]. Layar permeabel di bawah pelampung menangkap serpihan sampah di bawah permukaan air.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Lavars|first=Nick|date=2021-08-13|title=Ocean Cleanup's biggest system sweeps into Great Pacific Garbage Patch|url=https://newatlas.com/environment/ocean-cleanup-pacific-garbage-patch-jenny-active-propulsion/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-14|website=New Atlas|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813222626/https://newatlas.com/environment/ocean-cleanup-pacific-garbage-patch-jenny-active-propulsion/}}</ref> Layar dengan ukuran {{Convert|800|m|abbr=on}} menjadi penghalang dan menambahkan propulsi aktif untuk memungkinkan sistem beroperasi pada kecepatan yang lebih tinggi. Kapal berawak menarik penghalang berbentuk U melalui air dengan kecepatan 1,5 knot. Kapal juga dapat dikemudikan ke daerah dengan kepadatan sampah yang lebih tinggi.<ref name=":12" /> Pada Juli 2022, sistem terapung telah menangkap 100.000 kg plastik dari Great Pacific Garbage Patch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/TheOceanCleanup/status/1551599038402805761|title=Today we reached an exciting milestone: over 100,000kg of plastic removed from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch|website=twitter.com}}</ref>
=== River system ===
Interceptor adalah sistem otomatis bertenaga surya yang dirancang untuk menangkap dan mengekstrak sampah dari sungai. Sistem ini mengikuti aliran air yang dioptimalkan, penghalang sampah menuju bukaan Interceptor ke sabuk konveyor, kemudian mengirimkan sampah ke panampung sampah. Panampung menyimpan sampah secara merata ke enam tempat sampah menggunakan sensor. Saat tempat sampah hampir penuh, operator lokal diberi tahu melalui pesan otomatis, yang kemudian mengosongkannya dan mengirimkan sampah ke fasilitas pengelolaan sampah setempat. Proyek Interceptor mirip dengan proyek lokal berskala lebih kecil bernama [[Mr. Trash Wheel]] dikembangkan di [[Pelabuhan Baltimore|Pelabuhan Baltimore]] [[Maryland]]. Pada tahun 2021, The Ocean Cleanup mengumumkan bahwa mereka memperluas portofolio teknologi Interceptor agar dapat mengatasi sungai yang lebih luas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/environment-pmn/dutch-foundation-launches-project-to-tackle-river-plastic-pollution|title=Dutch foundation launches project to tackle river plastic pollution {{!}} National Post|date=2019-10-26|website=National Post|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-10-26|ref=Intercept debut – National Post 2019-10-26|last1=Verweij|first1=Hilde}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/expanding-the-interceptor-family/|title=Expanding the Interceptor Family|website=The Ocean Cleanup|date=31 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
==Penelitian==
=== Ekspedisi laut===
[[File:Great Pacific Garbage Patch-Map-2017.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Konsentrasi berat sampah plastik laut pada Agustus 2015]]
Pada bulan Agustus 2015, The Ocean Cleanup melakukan Ekspedisi Mega, di mana armada sekitar 30 kapal, termasuk kapal utama [[R/V Ocean Starr|R/V ''Ocean Starr'']] , melintasi [[Tambalan Sampah Pasifik Besar]] (jalur masif sampah pasifik) dan memetakan area seluas 3,5 juta kilometer persegi. Ekspedisi mengumpulkan data tentang ukuran, konsentrasi, dan berat total plastik di jalur sampah itu. Menurut organisasi tersebut, ekspedisi ini mengumpulkan lebih banyak data tentang polusi plastik di lautan daripada gabungan penelitian 40 tahun terakhir.<ref>[https://www.theoceancleanup.com/milestones/mega-expedition/ Mega Expedition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823205229/https://www.theoceancleanup.com/milestones/mega-expedition/ |date=2017-08-23 }}, Theoceancleanup.com. Vittu mitä paskaa.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Entrepreneur-thinks-garbage-patch-is-far-6460890.php|title=Garbage 'patch' is much worse than believed, entrepreneur says|date=2015-08-23|work=SFGate|access-date=2018-10-24|archive-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909184955/https://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Entrepreneur-thinks-garbage-patch-is-far-6460890.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada bulan September dan Oktober 2016, The Ocean Cleanup meluncurkan ''Aerial Expedition'', di mana [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|Pesawat Hercules C-130]] melakukan serangkaian [[survei udara]] pertama ke memetakan Tambalan Sampah Pasifik Besar. Tujuannya secara khusus untuk menghitung jumlah sampah dengan ukuran besar, termasuk [[jaring hantu]] di tambalan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newatlas.com/ocean-cleanup-aerial-expedition/45746/|title=Great Pacific Garbage Patch more awash with waste than expected|date=October 4, 2016|website=New Atlas|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109201224/https://newatlas.com/ocean-cleanup-aerial-expedition/45746/|url-status=live}}</ref> Slat menyatakan bahwa kru melihat lebih banyak puing dari yang diperkirakan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/04/great-pacific-garbage-patch-ocean-plastic-trash|title='Great Pacific garbage patch' far bigger than imagined, aerial survey shows|last=Milman|first=Oliver|date=2016-10-04|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-05-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225083749/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/04/great-pacific-garbage-patch-ocean-plastic-trash|url-status=live}}</ref>
Proyek tersebut merilis sebuah aplikasi bernama "The Ocean Cleanup Survey App", yang memungkinkan orang lain mensurvei lautan untuk mencari plastik, dan melaporkan pengamatan mereka ke The Ocean Cleanup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.theoceancleanup.surveyapp|title=The Ocean Cleanup Survey App – Apps on Google Play|website=play.google.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-24|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812041853/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.theoceancleanup.surveyapp|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Temuan khusus ===
Pada bulan Februari 2015, tim peneliti menerbitkan sebuah studi di ''[[Biogeosciences]]'' tentang distribusi vertikal plastik, berdasarkan sampel yang dikumpulkan di [[Gyre Atlantik Utara]]. Mereka menemukan bahwa konsentrasi plastik berkurang [[Distribusi eksponensial|secara eksponensial]] dengan kedalaman, dengan konsentrasi tertinggi di permukaan, dan mendekati nol hanya beberapa meter lebih dalam.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/boyan-slat-ocean-cleanup-launch-into-pacific-on-september-8-2018-7|title=A 24-year-old is going ahead with a controversial plan to trap plastic floating in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Some experts are worried.|last=Loria|first=Kevin|date=Sep 7, 2018|website=Business Insider|access-date=November 7, 2019|archive-date=August 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821235658/https://www.businessinsider.com/boyan-slat-ocean-cleanup-launch-into-pacific-on-september-8-2018-7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Reisser|first1=J.|last2=Slat|first2=B.|last3=Noble|first3=K.|last4=du Plessis|first4=K.|last5=Epp|first5=M.|last6=Proietti|first6=M.|last7=de Sonneville|first7=J.|last8=Becker|first8=T.|last9=Pattiaratchi|first9=C.|date=2015-02-26|title=The vertical distribution of buoyant plastics at sea: an observational study in the North Atlantic Gyre|journal=Biogeosciences|volume=12|issue=4|pages=1249–1256|doi=10.5194/bg-12-1249-2015|issn=1726-4189|bibcode=2015BGeo...12.1249R|doi-access=free}}</ref> Makalah tindak lanjut diterbitkan di ''[[Laporan Ilmiah]]'' pada bulan Oktober 2016.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kooi|first1=Merel|last2=Reisser|first2=Julia|last3=Slat|first3=Boyan|last4=Ferrari|first4=Francesco F.|last5=Schmid|first5=Moritz S.|last6=Cunsolo|first6=Serena|last7=Brambini|first7=Roberto|last8=Noble|first8=Kimberly|last9=Sirks|first9=Lys-Anne|date=2016-10-10|title=The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=6|issue=1|pages=33882|doi=10.1038/srep33882|pmid=27721460|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5056413|bibcode=2016NatSR...633882K}}</ref>
[[File:Mass of river plastic flowing into oceans.webp|thumb|356x356px|Berat plastik sungai yang mengalir ke lautan dalam ton per tahun.]]
Pada Juni 2017, para peneliti menerbitkan sebuah makalah di ''[[Nature Communications]]'', dengan model input plastik sungai ke laut. Model mereka memperkirakan bahwa antara 1,15 dan 2,41 juta metrik ton plastik masuk ke lautan dunia setiap tahun, dengan 86% berasal dari sungai-sungai di Asia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lebreton|first1=Laurent C. M.|last2=van der Zwet|first2=Joost|last3=Damsteeg|first3=Jan-Willem|last4=Slat|first4=Boyan|last5=Andrady|first5=Anthony|last6=Reisser|first6=Julia|date=2017-06-07|title=River plastic emissions to the world's oceans|journal=Nature Communications|language=En|volume=8|pages=15611|doi=10.1038/ncomms15611|pmid=28589961|pmc=5467230|issn=2041-1723|bibcode=2017NatCo...815611L}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bigthink.com/robby-berman/where-is-the-plastic-in-the-ocean-coming-from-try-asia|title=Where Is the Plastic in the Ocean Coming From? Try Asia.|last=Berman|first=Robby|date=June 17, 2017|website=Big Think|access-date=November 10, 2019|archive-date=November 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110205937/https://bigthink.com/robby-berman/where-is-the-plastic-in-the-ocean-coming-from-try-asia|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada bulan Desember 2017, Cleanup menerbitkan makalah di ''[[Environmental Science & Technology]]'' tentang polutan dalam plastik laut, berdasarkan data dari ''Ekspedisi Mega''. Mereka menemukan bahwa 84% dari sampel plastik mereka memiliki setidaknya satu [[polutan organik persisten]] di dalamnya yang melebihi tingkat aman. Selain itu, mereka menemukan plastik 180 kali lebih banyak daripada biomassa alami di permukaan Great Pacific Garbage Patch.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Qiqing|last2=Reisser|first2=Julia|last3=Cunsolo|first3=Serena|last4=Kwadijk|first4=Christiaan|last5=Kotterman|first5=Michiel|last6=Proietti|first6=Maira|last7=Slat|first7=Boyan|last8=Ferrari|first8=Francesco F.|last9=Schwarz|first9=Anna|date=2017-12-21|title=Pollutants in Plastics within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|language=EN|volume=52|issue=2|pages=446–456|doi=10.1021/acs.est.7b04682|pmid=29185716|issn=0013-936X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Pada 22 Maret 2018, The Ocean Cleanup menerbitkan sebuah makalah di Laporan Ilmiah, merangkum temuan gabungan dari Ekspedisi Mega dan Udara. Mereka memperkirakan bahwa jalur sampah tersebut mengandung 1,8 triliun keping plastik terapung, dengan total berat 79.000 metrik ton. [[Mikroplastik]] (< 0,5 cm) membentuk 94% dari potongan, terhitung 8% dari massa. Studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa jumlah plastik di tambalan meningkat secara meningkat secara eksponensial sejak tahun 1970.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lebreton|first1=L.|last2=Slat|first2=B.|last3=Ferrari|first3=F.|last4=Sainte-Rose|first4=B.|last5=Aitken|first5=J.|last6=Marthouse|first6=R.|last7=Hajbane|first7=S.|last8=Cunsolo|first8=S.|last9=Schwarz|first9=A.|date=2018-03-22|title=Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=8|issue=1|pages=4666|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w|pmid=29568057|pmc=5864935|issn=2045-2322|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.4666L}}</ref>
Pada September 2019, cleanup menerbitkan sebuah makalah di Laporan Ilmiah yang menjelaskan mengapa emisi ke lautan lebih tinggi daripada puing-puing yang terakumulasi di lapisan permukaan lautan. Mereka berpendapat bahwa dinamika sirkulasi puing-puing dapat memberikan penjelasan untuk plastik yang hilang ini dan menyarankan bahwa ada waktu yang signifikan antara emisi awal dan akumulasi lepas pantai. Studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik saat ini sebagian besar merupakan hasil dari degradasi plastik yang diproduksi pada tahun 1990-an atau sebelumnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A global mass budget for positively buoyant macroplastic debris in the ocean|first1=Laurent|last1=Lebreton|first2=Matthias|last2=Egger|first3=Boyan|last3=Slat|date=September 12, 2019|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=9|issue=1|page=12922|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-49413-5|pmid=31515537|pmc=6742645|bibcode=2019NatSR...912922L}}</ref>
Pada Oktober 2019, ketika penelitian mengungkapkan sebagian besar [[polusi plastik laut]] berasal dari kapal kargo Tiongkok,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships|first1=Peter G.|last1=Ryan|first2=Ben J.|last2=Dilley|first3=Robert A.|last3=Ronconi|first4=Maëlle|last4=Connan|date=September 25, 2019|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=116|issue=42|pages=20892–20897|doi=10.1073/pnas.1909816116|pmid=31570571|pmc=6800376|bibcode=2019PNAS..11620892R|doi-access=free}}</ref> seorang juru bicara dari The Ocean Cleanup berkata: "Semua orang berbicara tentang menyelamatkan lautan dengan berhenti menggunakan kantong plastik, sedotan, dan kemasan sekali pakai. Itu penting, tetapi ketika kita pergi ke laut, itu belum tentu yang kita temukan."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/ocean-plastic-waste-probably-comes-ships-report-says-doc-1kv8e91|title=Ocean plastic waste probably comes from ships, report says|website=AFP.com|date=16 January 2012|access-date=2019-10-02|archive-date=2019-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003051237/https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/ocean-plastic-waste-probably-comes-ships-report-says-doc-1kv8e91|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada Mei 2020, The Ocean merilis sebuah makalah dalam Laporan Ilmiah yang menunjukkan bahwa sebagian plastik di permukaan ''Great Pacific Garbage Patch'' terurai menjadi mikroplastik dan tenggelam ke laut dalam. Sebagian besar puing masih ditemukan di permukaan, dengan 90% di 5 meter pertama.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=First evidence of plastic fallout from the North Pacific Garbage Patch|first1=Matthias|last1=Egger|first2=Fatimah|last2=Sulu-Gambari|first3=Laurent|last3=Lebreton|date=May 6, 2020|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=10|issue=1|page=7495|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-64465-8|pmid=32376835|pmc=7203237|bibcode=2020NatSR..10.7495E}}</ref>
==Penghargaan==
[[File:Lilianne Ploumen meets with Boyan Slat, February 23, 2015 (3).jpg|thumb|[[Lilianne Ploumen]], menteri perdagangan luar negeri dan kerja sama pembangunan Belanda, bertemu dengan Boyan Slat.]]
Proyek dan pendirinya telah dikenal di banyak forum.
* 2014 [[Champions of the Earth|Champion of the Earth]] – The [[United Nations Environment Programme]].<ref>[http://web.unep.org/champions/laureates/2014/boyan-slatSlat Boyan Slat Founder – The Ocean Cleanup 2014 Champion of the Earth – Inspiration and Action] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118110314/http://web.unep.org/champions/laureates/2014/boyan-slatSlat |date=2015-11-18 }}, web.unep.org. Retrieved 2015-10-29.</ref>
* Salah satu dari 20 Pengusaha Muda Paling Menjanjikan di Seluruh Dunia – Intel EYE50.<ref>[http://www.c2montreal.com/press-releases/c2-mtl-intel-reveal-top-20-finalists-eye50-search-worlds-best-young-innovators/ C2-MTL and Intel Reveal Top 20 Finalists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118104608/http://www.c2montreal.com/press-releases/c2-mtl-intel-reveal-top-20-finalists-eye50-search-worlds-best-young-innovators/ |date=2015-11-18 }}, C2Montreal.com. Retrieved 2015-10-29.</ref>
* 2015 Maritime Young Entrepreneur Award.
* Pada 2015, Array dinobatkan sebagai London [[Design Museum]] Design of the Year.<ref name=":1">[http://www.mynewsdesk.com/norshipping/pressreleases/winners-announced-for-three-nor-shipping-2015-awards-1170701 Winners announced for three Nor-Shipping 2015 Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118091249/http://www.mynewsdesk.com/norshipping/pressreleases/winners-announced-for-three-nor-shipping-2015-awards-1170701 |date=2015-11-18 }} Mynewsdesk.com. Retrieved 2015-10-29.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://designmuseum.org/exhibitions/designs-of-the-year-2015 Designs of the Year 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104164105/http://designmuseum.org/exhibitions/designs-of-the-year-2015 |date=2015-11-04 }}, Designmuseum.org. Retrieved 2015-10-29.</ref>
* 2015 [[INDEX: Award]].<ref name=":4" />
* 2015 Fast Company Innovation By Design Award dalam kategori Barang Sosial<ref>[http://www.fastcodesign.com/3049911/innovation-by-design/the-2015-innovation-by-design-awards-winners-social-good The 2015 Innovation By Design Awards Winners: Social Good] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117183506/http://www.fastcodesign.com/3049911/innovation-by-design/the-2015-innovation-by-design-awards-winners-social-good |date=2015-11-17 }} Fastcodesign.com retrieved 2015-11-17</ref>
* 2015 100 Global Thinkers 0 ''[[Foreign Policy]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Leading Global Thinkers of 2015|website = Foreign Policy|url = https://2015globalthinkers.foreignpolicy.com/|access-date = 2015-12-08|archive-date = 2015-12-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151203204600/http://2015globalthinkers.foreignpolicy.com/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* 2016 Katerva award.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://inhabitat.com/plastic-scooping-ocean-cleanup-project-wins-prestigious-katerva-award/|title=Plastic-scooping Ocean Cleanup project wins prestigious Katerva Award|access-date=2017-05-08|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412163217/http://inhabitat.com/plastic-scooping-ocean-cleanup-project-wins-prestigious-katerva-award/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2017 Norwegian Shipowners' Association's [[Thor Heyerdahl]] award.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nor-shipping.com/press-release-winner-heyerdahl-award-2017/|title=Press release: Winner of the Heyerdahl Award 2017 – Nor-Shipping|date=2017-05-31|work=Nor-Shipping|access-date=2017-06-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606143444/http://nor-shipping.com/press-release-winner-heyerdahl-award-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Lihat juga ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* [[Hari Bumi|Hari Bumi (Earth Day)]]
}}
==Referensi==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=Bloomberg_1 >{{ cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-09/this-thiel-backed-startup-says-it-can-swiffer-the-seas-scientists-have-doubts | title=This Thiel-Backed Startup Says It Can Clean Up the Seas. Scientists Have Doubts | last=Wise | first=Jeff | publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=October 9, 2018 | access-date=2019-01-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216114757/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-09/this-thiel-backed-startup-says-it-can-swiffer-the-seas-scientists-have-doubts | archive-date=2018-12-16 | url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{Cite journal|last1=Belden|first1=Elizabeth R.|last2=Kazantzis|first2=Nikolaos K.|last3=Reddy|first3=Christopher M.|last4=Kite-Powell|first4=Hauke|last5=Timko|first5=Michael T.|last6=Italiani|first6=Eduardo|last7=Herschbach|first7=Dudley R.|date=2021-11-16|title=Thermodynamic feasibility of shipboard conversion of marine plastics to blue diesel for self-powered ocean cleanup|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=118|issue=46|pages=e2107250118|doi=10.1073/pnas.2107250118|issn=0027-8424|pmid=34725256|pmc=8609629|bibcode=2021PNAS..11807250B}}
==Pranala luar==
{{Commons category|The Ocean Cleanup}}
* {{Official website|https://www.theoceancleanup.com/}}
* {{Citation |title=The End of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (video) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUQnhiZirKQ |language=en |access-date=2022-09-21}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ocean Cleanup, The}}
[[Kategori:Pencemaran laut]]
[[Kategori:Plastik dan lingkungan]]
[[Kategori:Sampah]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi yang berbasis di Belanda Selatan]]
[[Kategori:Konservasi dan yayasan lingkungan]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi lingkungan didirikan pada tahun 2013]]
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