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{{otheruses4|senyawa organik|kegunaan lain|Urea (disambiguasi)}}
{{chembox
<!-- Here is a table of data; skip past it to edit the text. -->
| Verifiedfields = changed
{| align="right" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443307328
| Name =
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile = File:Urea 2D & Urea 3D.png
| ImageSize = 280
| ImageAlt = Structural formula of urea
| ImageFileL1 = Urea 3D ball.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 120
| ImageAltL1 =
| ImageFileR1 =
| ImageSizeR1 =
| ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model of the urea molecule
| ImageFile2 = Sample of Urea.jpg
| PIN = Urea<ref name=iupac2013>{{cite book | title = Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry|The Royal Society of Chemistry]] | date = 2014 | location = Cambridge | pages = 416, 860–861 | doi = 10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 | isbn = 978-0-85404-182-4 | quote = The compound H<sub>2</sub>N-CO-NH<sub>2</sub> has the retained named ‘urea’, which is the preferred IUPAC name, (…). The systematic name is ‘carbonyl diamide’.}}</ref>
| SystematicName = Carbonyl diamide<ref name=iupac2013 />
| pronounce = urea {{IPAc-en|j|ʊəˈr|iː|ə}}, carbamide {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑːr|b|ə|m|aɪ|d}}
| OtherNames = Carbamide<br />Carbonic diamide<br />Carbonyldiamine<br />Diaminomethanal<br />Diaminomethanone
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| IUPHAR_ligand = 4539
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 16199
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB03904
| SMILES = C(=O)(N)N
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 8W8T17847W
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00023
| InChI = 1/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
| InChIKey = XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYAF
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 985
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 57-13-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 1176
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 1143
| RTECS = YR6250000
| Beilstein = 635724
| Gmelin = 1378
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| H=4 | C=1 | O=1 | N=2
| Appearance = Padatan putih
| Density = 1,32 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 1079 g/L (20&nbsp;°C)<br />1670 g/L (40&nbsp;°C)<br />2510 g/L (60&nbsp;°C)<br />4000 g/L (80&nbsp;°C)
| SolubleOther = 500 g/L glycerol<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0032/0901b8038003228b.pdf?filepath=glycerine/pdfs/noreg/115-00668.pdf|title=Solubility of Various Compounds in Glycerine|work=msdssearch.dow.com|access-date=2014-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413155224/http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0032/0901b8038003228b.pdf?filepath=glycerine%2Fpdfs%2Fnoreg%2F115-00668.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-13|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref>
50g/L ethanol<br>
~4 g/L [[acetonitrile]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Loeser|first1=Eric|last2=DelaCruz|first2=Marilyn|last3=Madappalli|first3=Vinay | name-list-format = vanc |title=Solubility of Urea in Acetonitrile–Water Mixtures and Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Urea-Saturated Acetonitrile–Water Mixtures|journal=Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data|date=9 June 2011|volume=56|issue=6|pages=2909–2913|doi=10.1021/je200122b}}</ref>
| MeltingPtC = 133 to 135
| MeltingPt_notes =
| pKa =
| pKb = 13,9<ref>Calculated from 14−pK<sub>a</sub>. The value of pK<sub>a</sub> is given as 0.10 by the ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 49th edition (1968–1969). A value of 0.18 is given by {{cite web|url=http://research.chem.psu.edu/brpgroup/pKa_compilation.pdf|title=pKa Data|last1=Williams|first1=R.|date=2001-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030824213333/http://research.chem.psu.edu/brpgroup/pKa_compilation.pdf|archive-date=August 24, 2003}}</ref>
| MagSus = -33,4·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 4,56 [[Debye|D]]
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| Thermochemistry_ref = CRC Handbook
| HeatCapacity =
| Entropy =
| DeltaHf = -79,634 kcal/mol
| DeltaGf = -47,12 kcal/mol
| DeltaHc =
}}
|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCCode_prefix = B05
| ATCCode_suffix = BC02
| ATC_Supplemental = {{ATC|D02|AE01}}
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/u4725.htm JT Baker]
| FlashPt = Tak ternyalakan
| LD50 = 8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction = [[Thiourea]]<br />[[Hydroxycarbamide]]
| OtherFunction_label = Urea
| OtherCompounds = [[Carbamide peroxide]]<br />[[Urea phosphate]] <br> [[Aseton]] <br> [[Asam karbonat]] <br> [[Carbonyl fluoride]]
}}
}}
'''Urea''' adalah [[senyawa organik]] yang tersusun dari unsur [[karbon]], [[hidrogen]], [[oksigen]] dan [[nitrogen]] dengan rumus CON<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> atau (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO.
 
Urea juga dikenal dengan nama ''carbamide'' yang terutama digunakan di kawasan Eropa. Nama lain yang juga sering dipakai adalah ''carbamide resin'', ''isourea'', ''carbonyl diamide,'' dan ''carbonyldiamine''. Senyawa ini adalah senyawa organik sintesis pertama yang berhasil dibuat dari [[senyawa anorganik]], yang akhirnya meruntuhkan konsep [[vitalisme]].
! {{chembox header}} | Urea <!-- replace if not identical with the article name -->
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" | [[Berkas:Urea.png|150px|Chemical structure of urea]] [[Berkas:Urea-3D-vdW.png|100px|Urea 3D structure of urea]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Umum
|-
| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Nama internasional]]
| Diaminomethanal
|-
| Nama lainnya
| carbamide <!-- e.g. Ferrous chloride etc, + linked mineral names -->
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Rumus Molekul]]
| (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|Rumus bangun]] <!-- mostly for organic compounds, omit otherwise -->
| NC(=O)N
|-
| [[Massa atom]]
| 60.07 g/mol
|-
| Penampakan
| padatan berwarna putih tanpa bau
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| <nowiki>[57-13-6]</nowiki>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Berat Jenis]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| 1.33·10<sup>3</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup> <ref>http://webmineral.com/data/Urea.shtml</ref>, solid
|-
| [[Soluble|Kelarutan]] di dalam [[air (molekul)|air]]
| 108 g/100 ml (20&nbsp;°C){{br}}167 g/100 ml (40&nbsp;°C){{br}}251 g/100 ml (60&nbsp;°C){{br}}400 g/100 ml (80&nbsp;°C){{br}}733 g/100 ml (100&nbsp;°C)
|-
<!-- | Other solvents e.g. [[ethanol]], [[acetone]] -->
<!-- | solubility info on other solvents -->
<!-- |- -->
| [[Titik lebur]]
| 132.7&nbsp;°C (406 K){{br}}decomposes
|-
| [[Titik didih]]
| n.a.
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Keasaman]] (p''K''<sub>a</sub>) <!-- omit if not an acid or a base. If several values, be clear -->
| 0.18
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Kebasaan]] (p''K''<sub>b</sub>) <!-- omit if not a base. If several values, be clear -->
| 13.82
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki><sub>D</sub>]] <!-- (Only include this for chiral compounds, indicate direction/enantiomer combo if known) -->
| Not chiral
|-
| [[Kekentalan]]
| ? c[[Poise|P]] at ? °C<!-- Liquids only, omit if data unavailable. You may use [[Pascal-second|Pa.s]] if you prefer -->
|-
| [[Kelembaban relatif kritis]]
| 81% (20&nbsp;°C){{br}}73% (30&nbsp;°C)
|-
| Heat of solution in water
| -57,8 cal/g (endothermic)
|-
| Kandungan nitrogen| 46,6 %N
|-
 
[[Berkas:Urea Synthesis Woehler.png|nir|380px]]
! {{chembox header}} | Struktur
|-
| [[Orbital hybridisation#Molecule shape|Molecular shape]]
<!-- for simple covalent molecules (omit for most large molecules, ionics and complexes) -->
| ? <!-- e.g. trigonal bipyramidal -->
|-
| [[Coordination geometry]]
<!-- for a metal complex or an ionic crystal, otherwise omit -->
| trigonal planar <!-- e.g. trigonal bipyramidal -->
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] <!-- omit if not a solid -->
| ? <!-- e.g. [[triclinic]], [[monoclinic]], [[orthorhombic]], [[hexagonal]], [[rhombohedral|trigonal]], [[tetragonal]], [[cubic]], and mention "close packed" or similar. You may also cite what class it belongs to, e.g. [[Cadmium chloride#Crystal structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]] -->
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
 
== Penemuan ==
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards <!-- Summary only- MSDS entry provides more complete information -->
Urea ditemukan pertama kali oleh [[Hilaire Roulle]] pada tahun 1773. Senyawa ini merupakan senyawa organik pertama yang berhasil disintesis dari senyawa anorganik.
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/U4725.htm J.T. Baker]
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazards]]
| ? <!-- e.g. highly toxic, explosive, flammable, -->
|-
| [[Titik nyala]]
| ? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| R: ? S: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{NFPA 704 | Health = 1 | Flammability = 0 | Reactivity = 0}} estimated
|-
 
== Biosintesis ==
! {{chembox header}} | [[Urea chemdata supplement|Informasi tambahan]]
Urea terbentuk melalui proses oksidasi yang terjadi pada hati. Eritrosit atau sel darah merah yang sudah rusak (120 hari) dirombak menjadi 'haemo' dan 'globin'. Selanjutnya 'haemo' akan diubah menjadi zat warna empedu yaitu bilirubin dan urobilin yang mengandung urea dan amonia yang akan keluar bersama urin dan feses.
|-
| [[Urea chemdata supplement#Structure and properties|Structure & properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|''ε<sub>r</sub>'']], etc.
|-
| [[Urea chemdata supplement#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour{{br}}Solid, liquid, gas
 
== Pupuk urea ==
|-
Sekitar 90% urea industri digunakan sebagai [[pupuk kimia]]. Urea dalam bentuk butiran curah (''prill'') digunakan dalam [[pertanian]] sebagai [[pupuk kimia]] pemasok unsur nitrogen. Di [[tanah]], urea akan ter[[hidrolisis]] dan melepaskan [[ion]] [[amonium]]. Kandungan N pada urea adalah 46%, tetapi yang tergunakan oleh tanaman biasanya separuhnya.
| [[Urea chemdata supplement#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[NMR spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anions]] <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
| ? <!-- Put in related anions e.g, iron(II) fluoride & iron(II) bromide if compound is iron(II) fluoride -->
|-
| Other [[Ion|cations]] <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
| ? <!-- Put in other oxidn states of same element e.g. [[iron(III) chloride]], also for related metals such as [[manganese(II) chloride]], [[cobalt(II) chloride]], ruthenium(III) chloride-->
|-
| Related [[?]] <!-- PLEASE INSERT FUNCTIONAL GROUP (e.g. [[aldehyde]]) FOR ORGANICS, please omit if not applicable -->
| [[biuret]]{{br}}[[triuret]]{{br}}[[thiourea]] <!-- Insert related organics e.g. on formaldehyde page put [[acetaldehyde]] -->
|-
| Related compounds
<!-- A miscellaneous heading- use for covalent inorganics; e.g. for PCl<sub>3</sub> you would list PCl<sub>5</sub>, POCl<sub>3</sub>, PF<sub>3</sub>, PBr<sub>3</sub>, NCl<sub>3</sub> and AsCl<sub>3</sub>.
Please omit if not applicable -->
| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | <small>Jika tidak ada penjelasan tambahan, {{br}}maka materi berada pada [[standard state|kondisi standar (at 26&nbsp;°C, 1 atm)]]{{br}}[[Wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]</small>
|-
|}
'''Urea''' adalah suatu [[senyawa organik]] yang terdiri dari unsur [[karbon]], [[hidrogen]], [[oksigen]] dan [[nitrogen]] dengan rumus CON<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> atau (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO.
Urea juga dikenal dengan nama carbamide yang terutama digunakan di kawasan Eropa. Nama lain yang juga sering dipakai adalah carbamide resin, isourea, carbonyl diamide dan carbonyldiamine.
Senyawa ini adalah senyawa organik sintesis pertama yang berhasil dibuat dari [[senyawa anorganik]], yang akhirnya meruntuhkan konsep [[vitalisme]].
 
Karena penting dalam pembangunan pertanian, pupuk urea sering kali disubsidi oleh [[pemerintah]] suatu negara, termasuk Indonesia. Di pasaran Indonesia, pupuk urea dipasarkan dalam dua bentuk: ber[[subsidi]] (berwarna merah muda, digunakan untuk bantuan pembangunan) dan tidak bersubsidi (berwarna putih, untuk dipasarkan secara komersial).
Proses terbentuknya urea
Urea terbentuk melalui proses oksidasi yang terjadi pada hati. Eritrosit atau sel darah merah yang sudah rusak (120 hari) dirombak menjadi 'haemo' dan'globin'. Selanjutnya 'haemo' akan diubah menjadi zat warna empedu yaitu bilirubin dan urobilin yang mengandung urea dan amonia yang akan keluar bersama urin dan feses.
 
Pupuk urea dihasilkan sebagai produk samping pengolahan [[gas alam]] atau pembakaran [[batu bara]]. Karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan industri tersebut lalu dicampur dengan amonia melalui proses Bosch-Meiser. Dalam suhu rendah, amonia cair dicampur dengan es kering (karbondioksida) menghasilkan amonium [[karbamat]]. Selanjutnya, amonium karbamat dicampur dengan air ditambah energi untuk menghasilkan urea dan air.
:[[Berkas:Urea Synthesis Woehler.png|none|380px]]
 
=== Penemuan ===
Urea ditemukan pertama kali oleh [[Hilaire Roulle]] pada tahun 1773. Senyawa ini merupakan senyawa organik pertama yang berhasil disintesis dari senyawa anorganik.
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{kimia-stub}}
* [http://www.sciencelab.com/xMSDS-Urea-9927317 MSDS sheet on urea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515131737/http://www.sciencelab.com/xMSDS-Urea-9927317 |date=2011-05-15 }}
* [http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/FAQ/urea.shtml Use of urea in hand dyeing]
* [http://www.acb.org.uk/docs/NHLM/Urea.pdf Urea: analyte monograph] - the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
* Urea di [http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bun/tab/test Lab Tests Online]
{{Gugus fungsi}}
 
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Gugus fungsional]]
[[Kategori:Zat kimia]]
 
[[arKategori:يورياUrea| ]]
[[Kategori:Gugus fungsi]]
[[bg:Карбамид]]
[[Kategori:Ekskresi]]
[[bn:ইউরিয়া]]
[[bsKategori:UreaPupuk]]
[[Kategori:Bahan kimia rumah tangga]]
[[ca:Urea]]
[[Kategori:Siklus nitrogen]]
[[cs:Močovina]]
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia]]
[[da:Urinstof]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa organik dengan 1 atom karbon]]
[[de:Harnstoff]]
[[Kategori:Bahan kimia komoditas]]
[[en:Urea]]
 
[[eo:Ureo]]
 
[[es:Urea]]
{{kimia-stub}}
[[et:Karbamiid]]
[[eu:Urea]]
[[fa:اوره]]
[[fi:Urea]]
[[fr:Urée]]
[[ga:Úiré]]
[[gl:Urea]]
[[gu:યુરિયા]]
[[he:שתנן]]
[[hi:यूरिया]]
[[hr:Urea]]
[[hu:Karbamid]]
[[io:Ureo]]
[[is:Þvagefni]]
[[it:Urea]]
[[ja:尿素]]
[[jv:Urea]]
[[kk:Мочевина]]
[[kn:ಯೂರಿಯಾ]]
[[ko:요소 (화학)]]
[[la:Urea]]
[[lt:Karbamidas]]
[[lv:Karbamīds]]
[[mk:Уреа]]
[[ms:Urea]]
[[nds:Harnstoff]]
[[nl:Ureum]]
[[nn:Urea]]
[[no:Urea]]
[[oc:Urèa]]
[[pl:Mocznik]]
[[pt:Ureia]]
[[ro:Uree]]
[[ru:Мочевина]]
[[sh:Urea]]
[[simple:Urea]]
[[sk:Močovina]]
[[sl:Sečnina]]
[[sr:Urea]]
[[sv:Urea]]
[[ta:யூரியா]]
[[te:యూరియా]]
[[tr:Üre]]
[[uk:Сечовина]]
[[ur:Urea]]
[[vi:Urê]]
[[zh:尿素]]
[[zh-min-nan:Jiō-sò͘]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Urea"