Marie Colvin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Selain Timur Tengah, Colvin juga meliput konflik di [[Chechnya]], [[Kosovo]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Sri Lanka]], dan [[Timor Leste]]. Pada tahun 1999, ia menyelamatkan 1.500 perempuan dan anak-anak Timor Leste dari sebuah bangunan yang dikepung oleh serdadu bekingan Indonesia.<ref name="Guardianobit"/> Ia tidak mau meninggalkan mereka dan bertahan bersama pasukan PBB. Liputannya diterbitkan di surat kabar dan dan disiarkan di televisi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com/on-the-tenacity-and-bravery-of-a-great-journalist/|title=On the Tenacity and Bravery of a Great Journalist|date=2018-11-12|website=Literary Hub|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref> Mereka dievakuasi empat hari kemudian. Colvin dianugerahi penghargaan [[International Women's Media Foundation]] atas keberaniannya dalam meliput konflik Kosovo dan Chechnya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Woman Journalist Gets Her Story: In Spite of Grenade Attack, Marie Colvin Files Her Report |url=http://www.antonnews.com/oysterbayenterprisepilot/2001/04/27/news/colvin.html |newspaper=[[Anton Media Group|Anton News]] |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |first=Dagmar Fors |last=Karppi |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225055903/http://www.antonnews.com/oysterbayenterprisepilot/2001/04/27/news/colvin.html |archivedate=February 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran Sunday Times journalist Marie Colvin 'killed in heavy shelling in Syria' just hours after broadcast on ITN News At Ten |first=Charles |last=Walford |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2104711/Marie-Colvin-dead-Journalist-killed-Homs-Syria-hours-ITN-News-At-Ten-broadcast.html |newspaper=[[Mail Online]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Marie Colvin killed in Syria: life and times of distinguished war correspondent |first=Alex |last=Spillius |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9098180/Marie-Colvin-killed-in-Syria-life-and-times-of-distinguished-war-correspondent.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref> Ia menulis dan memproduseri beberapa film dokumenter, termasuk ''Arafat: Behind the Myth'' di BBC.<ref>{{cite web |title=Death of Marie Colvin, American journalist of war |first=Nazish |last=Fatima |url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/11570335-death-of-marie-colvin-american-journalist-of-war |date=February 22, 2012 |website=AllVoices.com |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Ia diwawancarai dalam film dokumenter ''[[Bearing Witness]]'' tahun 2005.
Colvin kehilangan penglihatan di mata kirinya akibat terkena ledakan [[granat berpeluncur roket]] (RPG) [[Angkatan Darat Sri Lanka]] pada 16 April 2001. Waktu itu ia sedang menyeberang dari daerah yang diduduki [[Macan Pembebasan Tamil Eelam|Macan Tamil]] ke daerah yang dikuasai pemerintah. Sejak saat itu, ia memakai [[penutup mata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/peter-popham-prabhakaran-talked-of-peace-but-the-man-i-met-was-doomed-to-die-in-action-1687198.html|title=Peter Popham: Prabhakaran talked of peace. But the man I met was|author=|date=|website=independent.co.uk|accessdate=2 November 2018|archive-date=2019-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418110733/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/peter-popham-prabhakaran-talked-of-peace-but-the-man-i-met-was-doomed-to-die-in-action-1687198.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/paul-conroy-marie-colvin-syria-homs-war-photographer-ptsd-free-syrian-army-a8520576.html|title=War photographer Paul Conroy on working with Marie Colvin, the formidable journalist killed in Syria|author=|date=|website=independent.co.uk|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref>
Colvin diserang setelah meneriakkan "''journalist, journalist!''" ketika sedang meliput [[Perang Saudara Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hodgson |first=Jessica |title=Sunday Times journalist may lose sight |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/apr/18/sundaytimes.pressandpublishing |newspaper=The Guardian |date=April 18, 2001 |location=London, UK}}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite news |title=Syria: Sunday Times journalist Marie Colvin 'killed in Homs' |first=Murray |last=Wardrop |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9097762/Syria-Sunday-Times-journalist-Marie-Colvin-killed-in-Homs.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Walt |first=Vivienne |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2107394,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |title=Syria: War Reporter Marie Colvin and Photographer Rémi Ochlik Are Killed |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222173424/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2107394,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="ausmcmay09"/> Dalam wawancara dengan [[Lindsey Hilsum]] di ''[[Channel 4 News]]'', ia menceritakan bahwa penyerangnya sengaja menyasar dirinya.<ref name="my friend">{{cite web |last=Hilsum |first=Lindsey |authorlink=Lindsey Hilsum |url=http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/my-friend-marie-colvin/20408 |title=My friend, Marie Colvin |website=World News Blog |publisher=Channel 4 |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 24, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225025243/http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/my-friend-marie-colvin/20408 |archivedate=February 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Meski terluka parah, Colvin yang saat itu berusia 44 tahun masih menyempatkan diri menulis dan mengirim artikel 3.000 kata tepat waktu.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tigers-begged-me-to-broker-surrender-5pv2dm7x3nn |title=Tigers begged me to broker surrender |last=Colvin |first=Marie |date=May 24, 2009 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> Ia berjalan kurang lebih 50
Pada tahun 2011, ketika sedang meliput [[Musim Semi Arab]] di Tunisia, Mesir, dan [[Perang Saudara Libya 2011|Libya]], ia ditawari untuk mewawancarai Gaddafi untuk kedua kalinya bersama dua wartawan lain yang dipilih Colvin. Dalam wawancara internasional pertama Gaddafi sejak perang saudara pecah, Colvin mengajak [[Christiane Amanpour]] dari [[ABC News]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/christiane-amanpour-interviews-libyas-moammar-gadhafi/story?id=13019942 |website=[[ABC News]] |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |title=Col Gaddafi 'brushed off the international pressure' |date=March 1, 2011}}</ref> dan [[Jeremy Bowen]] dari [[BBC News]].<ref name="Guardianobit"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12607475 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |authorlink=Jeremy Bowen |first=Jeremy |last=Bowen |title=Col Gaddafi 'brushed off the international pressure' |date=March 1, 2011}}</ref> Colvin menekankan pentingnya menyoroti "kemanusiaan dalam kondisi ekstrem yang didorong sampai titik penghabisan". Ia mengatakan, "Tugas saya adalah menjadi saksi mata. Saya tidak peduli pesawat apa yang mengebom desa atau apakah artilerinya 120mm atau 155mm."<ref name="Guardianobit"/>
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== Kematian dan warisan ==
Pada Februari 2012, Colvin masuk ke Suriah dengan membonceng sepeda motor [[motocross]]. Ia tidak peduli dengan upaya pemerintah Suriah yang mencegah wartawan asing masuk tanpa izin untuk meliput [[perang saudara Suriah]]. Colvin ditempatkan di distrik [[Baba Amr]] barat di kota [[Homs]]. Ia menyampaikan siaran terakhir pada sore tanggal 21 Februari ke [[BBC]], [[Channel 4]], [[CNN]], dan [[ITN News]] via [[telepon satelit]].<ref name="DM killed"/> Ia menggambarkan serangan granat dan penembak runduk "tanpa ampun" oleh pasukan Suriah terhadap rumah-rumah warga sipil dan orang-orang di jalanan.<ref name="Guardianobit"/> Dalam wawancara langsung dengan [[Anderson Cooper]], Colvin menyebut pengeboman Homs sebagai konflik terburuk yang pernah dialami seumur hidupnya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Video: Marie Colvin's last call to CNN |url=http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/22/video-journalist-syrias-government-lies/ |date=February 22, 2012 |website=CNN |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2012-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223114025/http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/22/video-journalist-syrias-government-lies/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
[[Berkas:Bayeux - Mémorial des Reporters 5.JPG|jmpl|Marie Colvin, Mémorial des Reporters, [[Bayeux]].]]
Colvin meninggal dunia pada tanggal 22 Februari 2012 bersama juru foto [[Rémi Ochlik]].<ref name=Guardianobit>{{cite news |last=Greenslade |first=Roy |authorlink=Roy Greenslade |title=Marie Colvin obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/feb/22/marie-colvin |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK |accessdate=February 25, 2012}}</ref> Autopsi oleh pemerintah Suriah di Damaskus mengungkapkan bahwa Colvin tewas akibat ledakan "[[bom rakitan]] berisi [[paku]]."<ref name="algeria.isp">{{cite news |url=http://www.algeria-isp.com/actualites/politique-syrie/201203-A9077/syrie-verite-sur-mort-journaliste-americaine-marie-colvin-mars-2012.html |title=Syrie – La vérité sur la mort de la journaliste américaine Marie Colvin |date=March 5, 2012 |website=Algeria ISP |language=French |accessdate=March 7, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327044423/http://www.algeria-isp.com/actualites/politique-syrie/201203-A9077/syrie-verite-sur-mort-journaliste-americaine-marie-colvin-mars-2012.html |archivedate=March 27, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Pemerintah Suriah mengklaim bom tersebut diletakkan oleh teroris pada 22 Februari saat melarikan diri dari [[Ali Mahmoud Othman#Baba Amro News|kantor berita tidak resmi]] yang [[pengeboman Homs Februari 2012|dibom granat]] oleh [[Angkatan Darat Suriah]].<ref name=telegraph/><ref>{{cite news |title=Two Western Journalists Killed in Syria Shelling |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/middleeast/marie-colvin-and-remi-ochlik-journalists-killed-in-syria.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 22, 2012 |first=Rod |last=Nordland |first2=Alan |last2=Cowell }}</ref
Wartawan [[Jean-Pierre Perrin]] dan berbagai sumber melaporkan bahwa gedung tersebut disasar oleh Angkatan Darat Suriah dengan melacak sinyal telepon satelit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/war-reporter-marie-colvin-was-tracked-targeted-and-killed-by-assads-forces-family-says/2016/07/09/62968844-453a-11e6-88d0-6adee48be8bc_story.html |archive-url= |dead-url= |date=July 9, 2016 |archive-date= |accessdate=2 November 2018 |title=War reporter Marie Colvin was tracked, targeted and killed by Assad’s forces, family says |script-title= |trans-title= |last= Priest |first= Dana |website=The Washington Post |quote= }}
Pada malam hari tanggal 22 Februari 2012, warga Homs turun ke jalan untuk mengenang Colvin dan Ochlik. Media massa dan politikus di seluruh dunia memberi penghormatan terakhir untuk Colvin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian activists pay tribute to journalists Marie Colvin and Remi Ochlik killed in Homs |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9100272/Syrian-activists-pay-tribute-to-journalists-Marie-Colvin-and-Remi-Ochlik-killed-in-Homs.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=February 23, 2012 |accessdate=February 24, 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-date=2018-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192436/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9100272/Syrian-activists-pay-tribute-to-journalists-Marie-Colvin-and-Remi-Ochlik-killed-in-Homs.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17127722 |title=Tributes paid to Sunday Times reporter Marie Colvin |website=BBC News |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=March 2, 2012}}</ref>
Colvin saat itu juga membawa barang-barang pribadinya, termasuk ransel berisi kebutuhan dasar dan draf buku 387 halaman yang ditulis oleh teman lamanya, [[Gerald Weaver]]. Adik Colvin, Cathleen 'Cat' Colvin, bersama Sean Ryan, redaktur luar negeri ''The Sunday Times'', membantu penerbitan buku ini.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/media/2015/06/marie-colvin-her-yale-sweetheart-remembers |title=Marie Colvin: her Yale sweetheart remembers |first=Philip |last=Maughan |date=June 4, 2015 |magazine=[[New Statesman]] |accessdate=October 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/MarieColvin/article1522261.ece |title=Book boost to Colvin fund |first=Alan |last=Copps |date=February 22, 2015 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |accessdate=October 24, 2018 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074700/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/MarieColvin/article1522261.ece |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Colvin dimakamkan di Oyster Bay, New York, pada 12 Maret 2012, dalam upacara yang dihadiri oleh 300 orang, termasuk penggemar kolom beritanya, sahabat, dan keluarga.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walters |first=Joanna |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/12/marie-colvin-funeral-mourners-farewell |title=Marie Colvin: mourners say farewell to 'talented, compassionate' war reporter |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 12, 2012 |accessdate=April 24, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref> Jasadnya dikremasi dan sebagian abunya dilarung di perairan [[Long Island]]. Sisanya dilarung di [[Sungai Thames]] dekat tempat tinggalnya.<ref>https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85323464/marie-catherine-colvin</ref>
Pada Juli 2016, Cat Colvin mengajukan gugatan sipil terhadap pemerintah Republik Arab Suriah atas pembunuhan ilegal dan mengklaim bahwa ia memegang bukti bahwa pemerintah Suriah memerintahkan pembunuhan Colvin secara langsung.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/war-reporter-marie-colvin-was-tracked-targeted-and-killed-by-assads-forces-family-says/2016/07/09/62968844-453a-11e6-88d0-6adee48be8bc_story.html |title=War reporter Marie Colvin was tracked, targeted and killed by Assad's forces, family says |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=July 10, 2016}}</ref> Pada April 2018, tuduhan tersebut diungkap dalam berkas pengadilan yang diajukan oleh keluarganya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-43711617 |title=Syria 'assassinated reporter Marie Colvin' |date=April 10, 2018 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Pada bulan Januari 2019, pengadilan Amerika Serikat memutuskan bahwa pemerintah Suriah bersalah atas kematian Colvin dan menjatuhkan denda sebesar $300 juta. Hakim menyatakan bahwa Colvin "sengaja disasar karena profesinya [sebagai wartawan] dengan tujuan membungkam orang-orang yang melaporkan berkembangnya gerakan oposisi di negara tersebut. Pembunuhan wartawan dalam kapasitas profesional memiliki dampak buruk terhadap peliputan peristiwa-peristiwa serupa di seluruh dunia. Pembunuhan berencana terhadap seorang warga negara Amerika Serikat, yang karya-karyanya sangat penting dan memperluas pemahaman kita tentang zona perang dan perang secara umum, sungguh tidak beradab. Karena itu, pengadilan menjatuhkan denda yang sekiranya dapat menghukum negara yang bertanggung jawab."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jan/31/us-court-finds-assad-regime-liable-marie-colvin-death-homs-syria|title=US court finds Assad regime liable for Marie Colvin's death in Syria|first=Owen Bowcott Legal affairs|last=correspondent|date=January 31, 2019|publisher=|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>
Film yang mengangkat kisah Colvin, ''[[A Private War]]'', disutradarai oleh [[Matthew Heineman]], ditulis oleh [[Arash Amel]], dan dibintangi oleh [[Rosamund Pike]] yang memerankan Colvin, dirilis pada tahun 2018. Film ini dibuat berdasarkan artikel ''Marie Colvin's Private War'' karya [[Marie Brenner]] di [[Vanity Fair (majalah)|majalah ''Vanity Fair'']] tahun 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carey|first=Matthew|title=Director Matthew Heineman On His Oscar-Shortlisted Doc ‘City Of Ghosts’: “The Hardest Film I’ve Made By Far”|date=December 22, 2017|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|url=http://deadline.com/2017/12/city-of-ghosts-matthew-heineman-documentary-interview-news-1202231909/|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|title=Tom Hollander Joins Rosamund Pike in 'A Private War'|date=November 21, 2017|publisher=''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tom-hollander-joins-rosamund-pike-a-private-war-1060764|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|title=Tom Hollander Enlists In ‘A Private War’|date=November 21, 2017|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|url=http://deadline.com/2017/11/tom-hollander-a-private-war-marie-colvin-biopic-1202213250/|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mudano|first=Mike|title=Stanley Tucci Joins Rosamund Pike in Forthcoming Biopic ''A Private War''|date=January 18, 2018|publisher=''[[Paste (magazine)]]''|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/01/post-294.html|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/politics/2012/08/marie-colvin-private-war|title=Marie Colvin’s Private War|first=Marie|last=Brenner|date=August 2012|website=vanityfair.com|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref>
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{{Wikiquote|Marie Colvin}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1864908 }}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/news/article874796.ece#prev |title=Final dispatch from Homs, the battered city |last=Colvin |first=Marie |date=February 19, 2012 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2013-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312233948/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/news/article874796.ece#prev |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/middleeast/marie-colvin-and-remi-ochlik-journalists-killed-in-syria.html |title=Two Western Journalists Killed in Syria Shelling |last1=Nordland |first1=Rod |last2=Cowell |first2=Alan |date=February 22, 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/4461#Marie |title=Marie Colvin: The uncrowned Queen of Intrepid Journalists |last=Jeyaraj |first=D.B.S. |date=February 24, 2012 |website=DBSJeyaraj.com |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2018-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812022656/http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/4461#Marie |dead-url=yes }}
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