Bahasa Makedonia: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
JThorneBOT (bicara | kontrib) clean up, removed: {{Link FA|mk}} |
Membalikkan revisi 23458086 oleh Griseldaaa (bicara) Tag: Pembatalan Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
||
| (12 revisi perantara oleh 7 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{about|suatu bahasa Slavia|bahasa Helenik Kuno yang dituturkan di Kerajaan Makedonia Kuno|Bahasa Makedonia Kuno}}
{{infobox language
|states=[[Republik Makedonia|Makedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Yunani]], [[Albania]]▼
|name=Makedonia Utara
|altname=Slavia Makedonia
|nativename=македонски
|familycolor=Indo-Eropa
|fam2=[[Rumpun bahasa Balto-Slavia|Balto-Slavia]]
|fam3=[[Rumpun bahasa Slavia|Slavia]]
|fam4=[[Rumpun bahasa Slavia Selatan|Slavia Selatan]]
|fam5=Slavia Selatan Timur
|fontcolor=
▲|states=[[
|region=[[Balkan]]
|speakers=2 juta jiwa
|rank=''tidak di peringkat 100'''
|nation=[[Republik Makedonia]]
|agency=---
|iso1=mk|iso2=mac (B), mkd (T)|sil=mkd
}}
'''Bahasa Makedonia''' (македонски), juga dikenal sebagai '''bahasa Makedonia Utara''' atau '''bahasa Slavia Makedonia''',{{efn|untuk membedakan dengan [[bahasa Makedonia Kuno]] yang merupakan [[Rumpun bahasa Helenik|Helenik]] (lihat [[#Kontroversi penamaan|di bagian Kontroversi penamaan]] untuk lebih lanjut).}} adalah suatu [[Rumpun bahasa Slavia Selatan|bahasa Slavia Selatan]] yang memiliki penutur sekitar 2 juta jiwa di [[Makedonia Utara]], [[Yunani]], dan [[Albania]]. Bahasa ini sangat mirip dengan [[Bahasa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] sehingga banyak orang menganggap bahasa tersebut hanyalah dua ragam yang diturunkan dari satu bahasa yang sama, yaitu [[bahasa Slavonia Gerejawi Kuno]].{{sfn|Reimann|2014|page=41}}{{sfn|Trudgill|1992}}<ref>Raúl Sánchez Prieto, Politics shaping linguistic standards: the case of Dutch in Flanders and Bulgaro-Macedonian in the Republic of Macedonia, in: Exploring linguistic standards in non-dominant varieties of pluricentric languages, {{ISBN|3631625839}}, pp.227-244; Peter Lang, with Carla Amoros Negre et al. as eds.</ref>
== Kontroversi penamaan ==▼
{{main article|Persengketaan nama Makedonia}}
Pemerintah [[Bulgaria]] menganggap bahasa Makedonia merupakan sebuah [[dialek]] [[bahasa Bulgaria]] dan nama ini sengaja diciptakan oleh [[Josip Broz Tito]] karena alasan politik. Sedangkan bangsa Yunani menganggap nama
== Sejarah ==
Baris 16 ⟶ 29:
Bahasa Makedonia menjadi bahasa resmi [[Republik Makedonia]] pada tahun [[1944]].
==
Bahasa Makedonia ditulis dengan [[
▲== Kontroversi ==
▲Pemerintah [[Bulgaria]] menganggap bahasa Makedonia merupakan sebuah [[dialek]] [[bahasa Bulgaria]] dan nama ini sengaja diciptakan oleh [[Josip Broz Tito]] karena alasan politik. Sedangkan bangsa Yunani menganggap nama ini menghina sebab bahasa Makedonia yang 'asli' ialah bahasa Yunani yang dipergunakan di wilayah ini sebelum [[Kekaisaran Makedonia]] yang antara lain didirikan oleh [[Alexander Agung]] runtuh.
== Ungkapan dasar ==
== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{reflist}}
=== Daftar pustaka ===
;Buku
{{refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}
* {{citation|first=Max K.|last=Adler|title=Marxist Linguistic Theory and Communist Practice: A Sociolinguistic Study|isbn=3871184195|publisher=Buske Verlag|year=1980}}
* {{citation|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=1jSg3lxgSy8C |page=134 }} |title=Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia Historical Dictionaries of Europe|first= Dimitar|last= Bechev|publisher= Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6295-1|date=13 April 2009}}
* {{citation|last=Bogdanoska|first=Biljana|year=2008|title=За матуранти македонски јазик и литература|trans-title=Macedonian language and literature for matura students|language=mk|publisher=Bomat Grafiks|location=[[Skopje]]}}
* {{citation|last1=Bojkovska|first1=Stojka|last2=Minova-Gjurkova|first2=Liljana|last3=Pandev|first3=Dimitar |last4=Cvetanovski|first4=Živko|year=2008|title=Општа граматика на македонскиот јазик|trans-title=Grammar of the Macedonian language|location=Skopje|language=mk|publisher=[[Prosvetno Delo]]|isbn=9789989006623}}
* {{citation| last=Campbell | first=George L. | title=Compendium of the World's Languages | publisher=Routledge |year = 2000 |isbn=0415202965| place=London}}
* {{citation|last1=Comrie|first1=Bernard|last2=Corbett|first2=Greville|year=2002|chapter=The Macedonian language|title=The Slavonic Languages|place=New York|publisher=Routledge Publications}}
* {{citation|title=South Slavic Discourse Particles|year=2010|first1=Mirjana N.|last1=Dedaić|first2=Mirjana |last2=Mišković-Luković|series=Pragmatics & Beyond New Series|volume=197|place=Amsterdam|publisher=Benjamins |doi=10.1075/pbns.197|isbn=978-90-272-5601-0}}
* {{citation|title=The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world|first=Loring M. |last=Danforth|isbn=0-691-04356-6|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=1995}}
* {{citation|title=The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The "First Congress" Phenomenon|first=Joshua A. |last=Fishman|isbn=3-11-013530-2|publisher=Mouton De Gruyter|date=1993 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=T-gHxC8J4PwC |page=161}}}}
* {{citation|first=Benjamin W.|last=Fortson |title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction Blackwell textbooks in linguistics |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-8896-8|date=31 August 2009 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=_kn5c5dJmNUC |page=431}}}}
* {{citation|last=Friedman|first=Victor|author-link=Victor Friedman|year=1993|title=The Slavonic Languages |chapter=Macedonian|editor=Comrie B.|editor2=Corbett G.|location=London, New York|publisher=Routledge |pages=249–305 |isbn=0-415-04755-2}}
* {{citation|last=Friedman|first=Victor|year=2001|title=Macedonian|publisher=Slavic and Eurasian Language Resource Center (SEELRC), [[Duke University]] |url=http://www.seelrc.org:8080/grammar/mainframe.jsp?nLanguageID=3|access-date=3 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728194528/http://www.seelrc.org:8080/grammar/mainframe.jsp?nLanguageID=3|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}
*{{citation|ref={{sfnref|Friedman|Garry|Rubino|2001}}|last=Friedman|first=Victor|author-link=Victor Friedman|editor-last=Garry|editor-first=Jane|editor2-last=Rubino|editor2-first=Carl|year=2001 |title=Macedonian: Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the Worlds Major Languages, Past and Present |url=http://humstatic.uchicago.edu/mahimahi/media/faculty/vfriedm/164Friedman01.pdf|place=New York|publisher=Holt|pages=435–439|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710210850/http://humstatic.uchicago.edu/mahimahi/media/faculty/vfriedm/164Friedman01.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2019|url-status=live}}
* {{citation|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=vi_VCm51kpkC |page=515 }}|title=Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide|last1=Kortmann|first1=Bernd|last2=van der Auwera|first2=Johan|date=27 July 2011 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|location=Berlin/Boston|isbn=978-3-11-022025-4}}
* {{citation|last1=Levinson|first1=David|last2=O'Leary|first2=Timothy|title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures |publisher=G.K. Hall|year=1992|isbn=0-8161-1808-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_q6n9/page/239}}
* {{citation|last=Lunt|first=Horace G.|year=1952|title=A Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language|publisher=Državno knigoizdatelstvo|place=Skopje}}
* {{citation|first=Horace Gray|last=Lunt|title=Old Church Slavonic Grammar|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2001|isbn=3110162849}}
* {{citation|last=Poulton|first=Hugh|title=Who Are the Macedonians?|year=2000|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |place=United Kingdom|isbn=0-253-34598-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/whoaremacedonian00poul}}
* {{citation|last=Reimann|first=Daniel|title=Kontrastive Linguistik und Fremdsprachendidaktik Iberoromanisch|year=2014|language=de|publisher=Gunter Narr Verlag|isbn=978-3823368250}}
* {{citation|last1=Thornburg|first1=Linda L.|last2=Fuller|first2=Janet M. |title=Studies in contact linguistics: Essays in Honor of Glenn G. Gilbert|publisher=Peter Lung Publishing Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8204-7934-7 |year=2006 |url={{Google books |id=60aFAS1crFEC |page=213 |plainurl=yes}}}}
* {{citation|title=Polski-macedoński, gramatyka konfrontatywna: Zarys problematyki|trans-title=Polish-Macedonian, confrontational grammar|first1=Zuzanna|last1=Topolińska|year=1984|language=pl|publisher=[[Ossolineum|Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich]]|isbn=978-8304016682}}
* {{citation|last=Usikova|first=Rina Pavlovna|title=О языковой ситуации в Республике Македонии|trans-title = About the language situation in the Republic of Macedonia|language=ru|location=Moscow|publisher=[[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka]] |year=1994|pages=221–231|isbn=5-02-011187-2}}
* {{citation|last=Usikova|first=Rina Pavlovna|title= Языки мира. Славянские языки: Македонский язык|trans-title = Languages of the world. Slavic languages: Macedonian language|language=ru|location=Moscow|publisher=[[Academia (Soviet publishing house)|Academia]]|year=2005|pages=102–139|isbn=5-87444-216-2}}
* {{citation|last=Vidoeski|first=Bozhidar|year=1999|title=Дијалектите на македонскиот јазик: том 1 |trans-title=The dialects of the Macedonian language: Book 1|publisher=MANU|language=mk|isbn=9989649634}}
* {{citation|first=Lois|last=Whitman|year=1994|title=Denying ethnic identity: The Macedonians of Greece|location=New York|isbn=1564321320|publisher=Helsinki Human Rights Watch}}
{{refend}}
;Makalah dan jurnal
{{refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}
*{{citation|last=Hill|first=P.|year=1999|title=Macedonians in Greece and Albania: A comparative study of recent developments|journal=Nationalities Papers|volume=27|issue=1|doi=10.1080/009059999109163|page=17}}
*{{citation|last=Friedman|first=Victor|year=1998|title=The implementation of standard Macedonian: problems and results|journal=[[International Journal of the Sociology of Language]]|volume=131|pages=31–57|doi=10.1515/ijsl.1998.131.31|s2cid=143891784}}
*{{citation|title=Official Language, Minority Language, No Language at All: The History of Macedonian in Primary Education in the Balkans|journal=[[Language Problems and Language Planning]]|first=Christina|last=Kramer|author-link=Christina Kramer|year=1999|volume=23|issue=3|pages=233–250|doi=10.1075/lplp.23.3.03kra}}
* {{citation|title=Language, Cultural Identity and Politics in the Cases of Macedonian and Scots|journal=Slavonica|first=Atina|last=Nihtinen|date=1999|pages=46–58|volume=5|issue=1|doi=10.1179/sla.1999.5.1.46}}
* {{citation|title=Histoire de la langue macédonienne|trans-title=History of the Macedonian language|language=fr|first=Frosa|last=Pejoska-Bouchereau|work=[[Revue des études slaves]]|year=2008|pages=145–161}}
* {{citation|last=Seriot|first=Patrick|editor-last=Tabouret-Keller|editor-first=Andrée|year=1997|chapter=Faut-il que les langues aient un nom? Le cas du macédonien|trans-chapter=Do languages have to have a name? The case of Macedonian|chapter-url=http://www2.unil.ch/slav/ling/recherche/biblio/97macedTK.html|title=Le nom des langues. L'enjeu de la nomination des langues|language=fr|volume=1|place=Louvain|publisher=Peeters|pages=167–190|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010905201539/http://www.unil.ch/slav/ling/recherche/biblio/97macedTK.html|archive-date=5 September 2001}}
* {{citation|last=Topolinjska|first=Z.|year=1998|title=In place of a foreword: facts about the Republic of Macedonia and the Macedonian language|journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language|volume=131|pages=1–11|doi=10.1515/ijsl.1998.131.1|s2cid=143257269}}
* {{citation|last=Trudgill|first=Peter|year=1992|title=Ausbau sociolinguistics and the perception of language status in contemporary Europe|journal=[[International Journal of Applied Linguistics]]|volume=2|issue=2|pages=167–177|doi=10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00031.x}}
* {{citation|last=Voß|first=C|year=2018|title=Linguistic emancipation within the Serbian mental map: The implementation of the Montenegrin and Macedonian standard languages|journal=Aegean Working Papers in Ethnographic Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=1–16|doi=10.12681/awpel.20021|doi-access=free}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 45 ⟶ 106:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makedonia, Bahasa}}
[[Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Slavia]]
[[Kategori:
| |||