Grateful Dead: Perbedaan antara revisi

| name = Grateful Dead

| image = Billbongo.jpg‎jpg

| caption = Anggota Grateful Dead di belakang panggung pada awal tahun 1980-an (dari kiri ke kanan): Brent Mydland, Bob Weir, Jerry Garcia, Bill Kreutzmann. Phil Lesh dan Mickey Hart tidak ada dalam foto.

| image_size =

| background = group_or_band

| origin = [[Palo Alto]], California, Amerika Serikat

| genre = [[Musik rock|Rock]]

| years_active = 1965–1995

| label = [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]], [[Grateful Dead Records|Grateful Dead]], [[Arista Records|Arista]], [[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino]]

| associated_acts = <small>[[The Other Ones]], [[The Dead (grup musik)|The Dead]], [[Jerry Garcia Band]], [[RatDog]], [[Phil Lesh and Friends]], [[Rhythm Devils]], [[BK3]], [[Donna Jean Godchaux Band]], [[Heart of Gold Band]], [[Missing Man Formation (grup musik)|Missing Man Formation]], [[New Riders of the Purple Sage]], [[Old and in the Way]], [[Legion of Mary (grup musik)|Legion of Mary]], [[Reconstruction (grup musik)|Reconstruction]], [[Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band]], [[Kingfish (grup musik)|Kingfish]], [[Bobby and the Midnites]], [[The Tubes]], [[Bruce Hornsby]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Furthur (grup musik)|Furthur]], [[7 Walkers]]</small>

| website = {{URL|http://www.dead.net/}}

| past_members = [[Jerry Garcia]]<br>[[Bob Weir]]<br>[[Phil Lesh]]<br>[[Bill Kreutzmann]]<br>[[Ron "Pigpen" McKernan]]<br>[[Robert Hunter (lyricist)|Robert Hunter]]<br>[[Mickey Hart]]<br>[[Tom Constanten]]<br>[[Keith Godchaux]]<br>[[Donna Jean Godchaux]]<br>[[Brent Mydland]]<br>[[Vince Welnick]]

'''Grateful Dead''' adalah [[grup musik]] [[rock]] Amerika Serikat yang dibentuk pada tahun 1965 di [[San Francisco Bay Area]] yang dimotori oleh [[Jerry Garcia]].<ref name="encyclobrit1">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9117536/the-Grateful-Dead|title=Grateful Dead|accessdate=February 4, 2007|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc|year=2007|author=Santoro, Gene|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|archive-date=2007-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322133907/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9117536/the-Grateful-Dead|dead-url=no}}</ref> Grup musik ini dikenal karena gaya mereka yang unik dan eklektik, menggabungkan berbagai unsur musik rock, [[musik folk|folk]], [[musik bluegrass|bluegrass]], [[blues]], [[reggae]], [[musik country|country]], [[jazz]] improvisasi, [[psychedelic rock]], dan [[space rock]],<ref>"purveyors of freely improvised space music," -- [http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=932 Blender Magazine, May 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608075415/http://blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=932 |date=2007-06-08 }}</ref><ref>""Dark Star," both in its title and in its structure (designed to incorporate improvisational exploration), is the perfect example of the kind of "space music" that the Dead are famous for. Oswald's titulartituler pun "Grayfolded" adds the concept of folding to the idea of space, and rightly so when considering the way he uses sampling to fold the Dead's musical evolution in on itself." -- Islands of Order, Part 2,by Randolph Jordan, in [http://www.horschamp.qc.ca/new_offscreen/islands_part2.html Offscreen Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920212731/http://www.horschamp.qc.ca/new_offscreen/islands_part2.html |date=2007-09-20 }}, edited by Donato Totaro, Ph.D, film studies lecturer at Concordia University since 1990.</ref> serta untuk [[improvisasi musik]] yang panjang dalam konser-konser mereka.<ref name="encyclobrit1"/><ref name="rockhallgd1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=113|title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum – Grateful Dead detail|accessdate=January 16, 2007|publisher=The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc|work=Inductees|format=asp |archiveurl = httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20061123064938/http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=113 <!|archivedate=2006-11- Bot retrieved archive 23|dead--> |archivedate url= November 23, 2006no}}</ref> Mereka ditempatkan di urutan ke-57 daftar ''Artis Terbesar Sepanjang Masa'' oleh majalah ''[[Rolling Stone]]''.<ref name=rollstone>{{cite news|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/grateful-dead-19691231 |title= The Greatest Artists of all Time|publisher=Rolling Stone Magazine|access-date=2012-07-20|archive-date=2011-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505032130/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/grateful-dead-19691231|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun 1994, Grateful Dead diabadikan di [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rockhall.com/inductees/the-grateful-dead |title=The Grateful Dead: inducted in 1994 &#124; The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum |publisher=Rockhall.com |date= |accessdate=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=2012-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416134755/http://rockhall.com/inductees/the-grateful-dead |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Anggota pendiri Grateful Dead adalah [[Jerry Garcia]] ([[gitar listrik|gitar]], [[vokal]]), [[Bob Weir]] (gitar, vokal), [[Ron "Pigpen" McKernan]] ([[kibor]], [[harmonika]], vokal), [[Phil Lesh]] ([[gitar bass|bass]], vokal), dan [[Bill Kreutzmann]] ([[drum kit|drum]]).<ref>''Rolling Stone'', pg. 332</ref> Lesh anggota terakhir untuk bergabung dengan Warlocks sebelum mereka menyebut diri sebagai The Grateful Dead. Lesh menggantikan Dana Morgan Jr. yang sebelumnya memainkan bass pada beberapa pertunjukan. Kecuali McKernan yang meninggal dunia pada tahun 1973, formasi inti Grateful Dead tetap utuh sepanjang 30 tahun karier bermusik mereka.<ref>Garofalo, pg. 218</ref>

Phil Lesh dan Jerry Garcia dipertemukan oleh Gert Chiarito pada tahun 1964. Keduanya diminta tampil di acara ''The Midnight Special'' yang disiarkan setiap Sabtu malam minggu di [[KPFA]], Berkeley.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thankyouoneandall.co.uk/letters/grateful_dead.htm |title=Thank you, Grateful Dead and John Meyer . . . I'm eternally grateful! |publisher=Thankyouoneandall.co.uk |date= |accessdate=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=2022-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704233930/https://thankyouoneandall.co.uk/letters/grateful_dead.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>

The Grateful Dead memulai karier mereka sebagai The Warlocks, sebuah grup yang dibentuk awal tahun 1965 dari sisa anggota [[jug band]] asal [[Palo Alto, California]] bernama [[Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions (album)|Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions]].<ref>Metzger, John. [http://www.musicbox-online.com/gd-mcree.html ''Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions'' album review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927161321/http://www.musicbox-online.com/gd-mcree.html |date=2012-09-27 }}, The Music Box, May 1999.</ref> Pertunjukan pertama band ini di restoran Magoo's Pizza yang berlokasi di 639 Santa Cruz Avenue, pinggir kota [[Menlo Park, California]], 5 Mei 1965. Mereka tetap menggunakan nama Warlocks meskipun sudah ada band bernama sama, [[Velvet Underground]] alias Warlock di pantai timur Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dead.net/show/may-5-1965 |title=Magoo's Pizza Parlor - May 5, 1965 &#124; Grateful Dead |publisher=Dead.net |date= |accessdate=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728165530/http://www.dead.net/show/may-5-1965 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="rockument">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockument.com/haimg.html|title=Rockument's Rise and Fall of the Haight-Ashbury|accessdate=February 27, 2007|author=[[Tony Bove]]|work=Rockument.com|archive-date=2007-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315191505/http://www.rockument.com/haimg.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pertunjukan pertama mereka di restoran pizza tidak ada rekamannya, dan [[set list]] lagu yang mereka mainkan juga tidak disimpan. Mereka mengganti nama setelah mengetahui sudah ada band bernama sama dan sudah mendapat kontrak rekaman (band lain, bukan Velvet Underground yang juga sudah berganti nama). Pertunjukan pertama mereka sebagai Grateful Dead digelar di [[San Jose, California]], 4 Desember 1965, di salah satu pesta [[Acid Tests]] yang diselenggarakan [[Ken Kesey]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dead.net/show/december-4-1965 |title=Big Nig's House - December 4, 1965 &#124; Grateful Dead |publisher=Dead.net |date= |accessdate=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728165518/http://www.dead.net/show/december-4-1965 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Scott |authorlink= |title=The Tombstone Tourist |url=https://archive.org/details/tombstonetourist00stan_0|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tombstonetourist00stan_0/page/102 102]|isbn=0-7434-6330-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Peter |authorlink= |title=The Rolling Stone Interviews: 1967-1980 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |year=1989 |page=186 |isbn=0-312-03486-5}}</ref> [[Pita demo]] dari pertunjukan-pertunjukan awal mereka masih ada. Konser pertama dari lebih dari 2.000 konser mereka yang direkam oleh penggemar band ini adalah konser di [[The Fillmore|Fillmore Auditorium]], [[San Francisco]], 8 Januari 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.org/details/gd1966-01-08.sbd.bershaw.5410.shnf |title=Grateful Dead Live at Fillmore Auditorium on 1966-01-08 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=July 16, 2011}}</ref> Masih pada bulan Januari 1966, Grateful Dead juga bermain di Trips Festival, sebuah konser [[psychedelic rock]].

Nama "Grateful Dead" dipilih dari kamus. Menurut Phil Lesh dalam biografinya (pp.&nbsp;62), ''"...''[Jerry Garcia]'' mengambil sebuah kamus tua [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] World Language Dictionary...[dan]...dengan suara elf perak, dia berkata kepadaku, 'Hey, brur, gimana kalau the Grateful Dead?'"'' Definisi di kamus berarti "arwah orang mati, atau bidadarinya, menunjukkan rasa terima kasih kepada seseorang yang telah mengubur jasad orang mati itu sebagai perbuatan amal." Menurut Alan Trist, direktur perusahaan [[Ice Nine]] yang menerbitkan musik Grateful Dead, Garcia menemukan nama itu di [[Funk & Wagnalls]] ''Folklore Dictionary'' ketika jari-jarinya terhenti di frasa itu ketika sedang bermain "[[Fictionary|dictionary]]".<ref>{{cite book |title=Perspectives on the Grateful Dead: Critical Writings By Robert G. Weiner |first=Robert G. |last=Weiner |year=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing |page=145 |isbn=0-313-30569-2}}</ref> Di dalam biografi Garcia berjudul ''Captain Trips'', penulis Sandy Troy menyatakan bahwa anggota band ini senang merokok psikedelia [[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] waktu itu.<ref name="CT01">Troy, Sandy, ''Captain Trips: A Biography of Jerry Garcia'' (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1994). DMT, p. 73; Acid King p. 70; Watts+ p. 85.</ref> Konsep "''[[grateful dead (cerita rakyat)|grateful dead]]''" (balas budi arwah) ada pada cerita-cerita rakyat di seluruh dunia. Pada pertengahan tahun 1969, Phil Lesh menceritakan versi lain dari asal usul nama Grateful Dead kepada Carol Maw, seorang remaja Texas yang mengunjungi anggota Grateful Dead di Marin County dan kemudian ikut bersama mereka konser ke [[Fillmore East]] dan [[Woodstock Festival|Woodstock]]. Menurut versi yang diceritakan kepada Carol Maw, Phil berkata, "Jerry menemukan nama Grateful Dead secara spontan ketika dia membuka sebuah kamus, dan halaman itu terbuka. Kata 'grateful' dan 'dead' muncul persis berseberangan satu-sama lainnya di antara teks lainnya yang tidak berkaitan."

== FormasiAnggota ==

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Juni 1965 – September 1967)

* '''[[Jerry Garcia]]''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''[[Bob Weir]]''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''[[Ron "Pigpen" McKernan]]''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''[[Phil Lesh]]''' – bass, vokal

* '''[[Bill Kreutzmann]]''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (September 1967 – November 1968)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Ron "Pigpen" McKernan''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''[[Mickey Hart]]''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (November 1968 – Januari 1970)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Ron "Pigpen" McKernan''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''[[Tom Constanten]]''' – kibor

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''Mickey Hart''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Januari 1970 – Februari 1971)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Ron "Pigpen" McKernan''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''Mickey Hart''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Februari 1971 – Oktober 1971)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Ron "Pigpen" McKernan''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Oktober 1971 – Maret 1972)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Ron "Pigpen" McKernan''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''[[Keith Godchaux]]''' – kibor

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Maret 1972 – Juni 1972)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Ron "Pigpen" McKernan''' – kibor, harmonika, perkusi, vokal

* '''Keith Godchaux''' – kibor

* '''[[Donna Godchaux]]''' – vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Juni 1972 – Oktober 1974)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Keith Godchaux''' – kibor

* '''Donna Godchaux''' – vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Oktober 1974 – Februari 1979)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Keith Godchaux''' – kibor

* '''Donna Godchaux''' – vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''Mickey Hart''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (April 1979 – Juli 1990)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''[[Brent Mydland]]''' – kibor, vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''Mickey Hart''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (September 1990 – Maret 1992)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''[[Vince Welnick]]''' – kibor, vokal

* '''[[Bruce Hornsby]]''' – kibor, vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''Mickey Hart''' – drum

! style="background:#e7ebee;"| (Mei 1992 – Agustus 1995)

* '''Jerry Garcia''' – gitar utama, vokal

* '''Bob Weir''' – gitar ritme, vokal

* '''Vince Welnick''' – kibor, vokal

* '''Phil Lesh''' – bass, vokal

* '''Bill Kreutzmann''' – drum

* '''Mickey Hart''' – drum

=== Garis waktu ===

ImageSize = width:1000800 height:auto barincrement:2520

PlotArea = left:100 bottom:60 top:0 right:5015

Period = from:0118/0106/1965 till:31/08/1995

id:guitar lguitar value:purpleteal legend:GitarGitar_utama

id:bass rguitar value:orange green legend:BassGitar_kedua

id:drumsbass value:blue legend:DrumBass

id:keys drums value:green orange legend:KiborDrum

id:vocalskeys value:blackpurple legend:VokalKibor

ScaleMajor = increment:12 start:19651966

bar:JerryBob&nbsp;GarciaWeir from:18/06/1965 till:09/07/1995 color:guitarrguitar

bar:Bob&nbsp;Weir from:18/06/1965 till:09/07/1995 color:guitarvocals width:3

bar:PigpenRon&nbsp;McKernan from:18/06/1965 till:17/06/1972 color:keys

* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=0WdG60ECkekC&lpg=PA3&dq=Grateful%20Dead&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true The Grateful Dead in Concert: Essays on Live Improvisation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808230011/https://books.google.ca/books?id=0WdG60ECkekC&lpg=PA3&dq=Grateful+Dead&pg=PP1&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=true |date=2023-08-08 }} (2010) - oleh James A. Tuedio, Stan Spector - McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4357-4

* [[Gordon Hall Gerould|Gerould, G. H.]] ''[[s:The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk Story|The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk Story]]'', Folk-Lore Society, 1908. D. Nutt, London.

* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=BxA5sA-HA2UC&lpg=PP1&dq=Grateful%20Dead&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true A Long Strange Trip: The Inside History of the Grateful Dead] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808230012/https://books.google.ca/books?id=BxA5sA-HA2UC&lpg=PP1&dq=Grateful+Dead&pg=PP1&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=true |date=2023-08-08 }} (2002) - oleh Dennis McNally - Broadway Books/ ISBN 978-0-7679-1186-3

* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=dN6uNxY0nCsC&lpg=PP1&dq=Grateful%20Dead&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true Conversations with the Dead: the Grateful Dead interview book] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808230012/https://books.google.ca/books?id=dN6uNxY0nCsC&lpg=PP1&dq=Grateful+Dead&pg=PP1&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=true |date=2023-08-08 }} ( 2002) - oleh David Gans, Grateful Dead - Da Capo Press, 2002 ISBN 0-306-81099-9

* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=BsutWd7d_FoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Grateful%20Dead&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true The Grateful Dead Reader] (2001) - oleh David Dodd, Diana Spaulding - Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514706-5

* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=wFuE229iBwkC&lpg=PR3&dq=Grateful%20Dead&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=true Perspectives on the Grateful Dead: critical writings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808230012/https://books.google.ca/books?id=wFuE229iBwkC&lpg=PR3&dq=Grateful+Dead&pg=PR3&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=true |date=2023-08-08 }} (1999) - oleh Robert G. Weiner - Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30569-2

* {{cite book | last = Garofalo | first = Reebee | title = Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA|url |= https://archive.org/details/rockinoutpopular00garo_0|publisher = Allyn & Bacon | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-205-13703-2 }}

* {{cite book | last = Lesh | first = Phil | title = Searching for the Sound |url = https://archive.org/details/searchingforsoun00lesh|publisher = Little, Brown and Co. | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-316-00998-9 }}

* {{cite book | last = Ward | first = Ed | coauthors = Geoffrey Stokes and Ken Tucker | title = Rock of Ages: The ''Rolling Stone'' History of Rock and Roll | publisher = Rolling Stone Press | year = 1986 | isbn = 0-671-54438-1 }}

* {{cite book | last = Harrison | first = Hank | title = The Dead Vol 1 & Vol 2 | publisher =Arkives | year = Various Editions 1972-1992 | isbn = 0-918501-12-1 }}

== Pranala luar ==

* {{en}} {{officialresmi|www.dead.net}}

* {{en}} [http://60sfolksintheir60s.com/grateful-dead-business/ Grateful Dead Business Model] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317022133/http://60sfolksintheir60s.com/grateful-dead-business/ |date=2012-03-17 }}

* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p4397}}

* [http://www.jansawka.com/multimedia/multimedia.html Jan Sawka - The Grateful Dead 25th Anniversary Concert Set Designer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603171013/https://jansawka.com/multimedia/multimedia.html |date=2023-06-03 }}