Reformasi Pyotr: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Peter_de_Grote.jpg|ka|jmpl|[[Pyotr I dari Rusia|Pyotr yang Agung]]]]

'''Reformasi [[Pyotr I dari Rusia|Pyotr I]]''' bertujuan untuk memodernisasi [[Ketsaran Rusia]] (kemudian [[Kekaisaran Rusia]]) agar Rusia dapat bersaing dengan kerajaan di [[Eropa Barat]] dan [[Eropa Tengah]].

 

== Keuangan dan perdagangan ==

Perang Utara Raya memerlukan sumber ekonomi yang tak terduga besarnya, dan defisit anggaran Rusia serta infrastruktur yang semakin tua membuat Kekaisaran tidak dapat mengalokasikan sumber daya dan uang secara efektif saat masa perang. Pemerintahan Pyotr terus-menerus membutuhkan uang, dan pada awalnya memutuskan untuk [[Monopoli negara|memonopoli]] industri strategis tertentu seperti garam, vodka, oak, dan tar. Pyotr juga memberlakukan pajak terhadap kebudayaan Rusia (seperti mandi, perikanan, peternakan lebah, dan [[Pajak jenggot|jenggot]]) dan mengeluarkan pajak untuk barang-barang kertas.<ref>Raeff, ''Reformer or Revolutionary?'' hlm. 36</ref> Namun, dengan adanya celah di setiap kebijakan pajak tersebut, sehingga dapat disimpulkkan bahwa reformasi perpajakan tidaklah cukup.

 

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZPajB4XyIwC|title=Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725|last=Bushkovitch|first=Paul|date=27 September 2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-43075-3|location=Cambridge, England|pages=377–378|language=English|access-date=5 April 2017}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]])

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* Raeff, Marc. ''Peter the Great Changes Russia,'' 2nd edition.''Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company, 1972''

* Raeff, Marc. ''Problems in European Civilization: Peter the Great, Reformer or Revolutionary?'' Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1963.

* Riasonovsky, Nicholas. ''A History of Russia'', 8th edition.''New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.''

* Sumner, B.H. ''Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia.'' London: English Universities Press, 1960

* Vernadsky, George. ''Political & Diplomatic History of Russia.'' Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1936.