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'''''Gambusia''''' adalah genus besar ikan [[vivipar]] dalam famili [[Poeciliidae]], ordo [[Cyprinodontiformes]]. Gambusia berisi lebih dari 40 spesies ikan yang sebagian besarnya ditemukan di habitat air tawar, meskipun beberapa spesies juga dapat ditemukan di habitat payau atau air asin. Genus Gambusia berasal dari istilah Kuba ''Gambusino'', yang berarti "penambang lepas".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Wallus |first=Robert |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23153067 |title=Reproductive biology and early life history of fishes in the Ohio River drainage |date=1990 |publisher=Tennessee Valley Authority, Aquatic Biology Dept., Water Resources |others=Bruce L. Yeager, Thomas P. Simon, Tennessee Valley Authority. Aquatic Biology Department, Tennessee Valley Authority. Office of Power, United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Nashville District, American Electric Power Service Corporation |isbn=0-8493-1919-6 |location=Chattanooga, Tenn. |oclc=23153067}}</ref> Spesies tipenya adalah ''[[Gambusia punctata]]''. Kekayaan spesies terbesar terdapat di Meksiko, [[Texas]], dan [[Antillen Besar]]. Spesiesnya juga ditemukan di tempat lain di Amerika Serikat bagian timur dan selatan, [[Bahama]], Amerika Tengah, dan [[Kolombia]]. Spesiesnya juga dikenal dengan sebutan "ikan nyamuk", meski sebutan tersebut mengacu lebih spesifik pada dua spesiesnya yakni ''Gambusia affinis'' (ikan [[cere]]) dan ''[[Gambusia holbrooki]]'', yang sering dimasukkan ke dalam kolam untuk mengendalikan jentik nyamuk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alabamavms.org/gambusia.htm |title=''Gambusia'': A Little Fish That Helps Solve Big Mosquito Problems |publisher=Alabama Vector Management Society |date=24 December 2009 |access-date=10 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907213211/http://www.alabamavms.org/gambusia.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Allen |first=Greg |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/06/10/137056759/tropical-disease-buzzes-back-into-u-s |title=Tropical Disease Buzzes Back Into U.S. |publisher=[[NPR]] |work=[[Morning Edition]] |date=10 June 2011 |access-date=10 June 2011}}</ref> Oleh karena itu mereka telah diperkenalkan secara luas di luar habitat asal mereka, bahkan sering menjadi spesies lokal yang invasif dan mengancam.<ref>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (2013). ''[http://wdfw.wa.gov/ais/gambusia_affinis/ Gambusia affinis (Mosquito fish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407054849/https://wdfw.wa.gov/ais/gambusia_affinis/ |date=2018-04-07 }}.'' Retrieved 27 February 2013</ref> ''Gambusia affinis'' dan ''Gambusia holbrooki'' sekarang ditemukan di banyak belahan dunia dan cenderung terus menyebar seiring dengan perubahan kondisi iklim.<ref name="jourdan">{{Cite journal|last1=Jourdan|first1=Jonas|last2=Riesch|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Cunze|first3=Sarah|title=Off to new shores: Climate niche expansion in invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.)|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|pages=18369–18400|doi=10.1002/ece3.8427|year=2021}}</ref> Mereka hanya sesekali disimpan di akuarium, karena warnanya yang kurang menarik dan sifat agresifnya yang tinggi.
== Daftar Spesies<ref>{{FishBase genus | genus = Gambusia| month = August | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=Langerhans2012/> ==
* ''[[Cere|Gambusia affinis]]'' <small>([[Spencer Fullerton Baird|S. F. Baird]] & [[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1853)</small>
* ''[[Gambusia alvarezi]]'' <small>[[Clark Hubbs|C. Hubbs]] & [[Victor Gruschka Springer|V. G. Springer]], 1957</small>
* ''[[Gambusia amistadensis]]'' <small>[[Alexander Edward Peden|Peden]], 1973</small> (punah)
* ''[[Gambusia atrora]]'' <small>[[Donn Eric Rosen|D. E. Rosen]] & [[Reeve Maclaren Bailey|R. M. Bailey]], 1963</small>
* ''[[Gambusia aurata]]'' <small>[[Robert Rush Miller|R. R. Miller]] & [[Wendell L. Minckley|W. L. Minckley]], 1970</small>
* ''[[Gambusia baracoana]]'' <small>[[Luis René Rivas|Rivas]], 1944</small>
* ''[[Gambusia beebei]]'' <small>[[George S. Myers|G. S. Myers]], 1935</small>
* ''[[Gambusia bucheri]]'' <small>[[Luis René Rivas|Rivas]], 1944</small>
* ''[[Gambusia clarkhubbsi]]'' <small>[[Gary P. Garrett|G. P. Garrett]] & [[Robert J. Edwards|R. J. Edwards]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Gambusia dominicensis]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1913</small>
* ''[[Gambusia echeagarayi]]'' <small>([[Jose Álvarez del Villar|Álvarez]], 1952)</small>
* ''[[Gambusia eurystoma]]'' <small>R. R. Miller, 1975</small>
* ''[[Gambusia gaigei]]'' <small>[[Carl Leavitt Hubbs|C. L. Hubbs]], 1929</small>
* ''[[Gambusia geiseri]]'' <small>C. Hubbs & C. L. Hubbs, 1957</small>
* ''[[Gambusia georgei]]'' <small>C. Hubbs & [[Alexander Edward Peden|Peden]], 1969</small> (punah)
* ''[[Gambusia heterochir]]'' <small>C. Hubbs, 1957</small>
* ''[[Gambusia hispaniolae]]'' <small>[[William Lee Fink|W. L. Fink]], 1971</small>
* ''[[Gambusia holbrooki]]'' <small>[[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1859</small>
* ''[[Gambusia hurtadoi]]'' <small>C. Hubbs & V. G. Springer, 1957</small>
* ''[[Gambusia krumholzi]]'' <small>[[Wendell L. Minckley|W. L. Minckley]], 1963</small>
* ''[[Gambusia lemaitrei]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1950</small>
* ''[[Gambusia longispinis]]'' <small>[[Wendell L. Minckley|W. L. Minckley]], 1962</small>
* ''[[Gambusia luma]]'' <small>[[Donn Eric Rosen|D. E. Rosen]] & R. M. Bailey, 1963</small>
* ''[[Gambusia manni]]'' <small>C. L. Hubbs, 1927</small>
* ''[[Gambusia marshi]]'' <small>[[Wendell L. Minckley|W. L. Minckley]] & [[James Edward Craddock|Craddock]], 1962</small>
* ''[[Gambusia melapleura]]'' <small>([[Philip Henry Gosse|P. H. Gosse]], 1851)</small>
* ''[[Gambusia monticola]]'' <small>Rivas, 1971</small>
* ''[[Gambusia myersi]]'' <small>[[Ernst Ahl|C. G. E. Ah]], 1925</small>
* ''[[Gambusia nicaraguensis]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1866</small>
* ''[[Gambusia nobilis]]'' <small>([[Spencer Fullerton Baird|S. F. Baird]] & [[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1853)</small>
* ''[[Gambusia panuco]]'' <small>C. L. Hubbs, 1926</small>
* ''[[Gambusia pseudopunctata]]'' <small>Rivas, 1969</small>
* ''[[Gambusia punctata]]'' <small>[[Felipe Poey y Aloy|Poey]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Gambusia puncticulata]]'' <small>Poey, 1854</small>
* ''[[Gambusia quadruncus]]'' <small>[[R. Brian Langerhans|Langerhans]], [[Matthew E. Gifford|Gifford]], [[Omar Domínguez-Domínguez|Domínguez-Domínguez]], [[Daniel García-Bedoya|García-Bedoya]] & [[Thomas J. DeWitt|T. J. DeWitt]], 2012</small><ref name=Langerhans2012>{{cite journal|title=''Gambusia quadruncus'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae): a new species of mosquitofish from east-central México|doi= 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03397.x|author=Langerhans, R. B., Gifford, M. E., Domínguez-Domínguez, O., García-Bedoya, D. & DeWitt, T.J. |year=2012|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|volume=81|issue=5|pages =1514–1539|pmid= 23020559}}</ref>
* ''[[Gambusia regani]]'' <small>C. L. Hubbs, 1926</small>
* ''[[Gambusia rhizophorae]]'' <small>Rivas, 1969</small>
* ''[[Gambusia senilis]]'' <small>[[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1859</small>
* ''[[Gambusia sexradiata]]'' <small>C. L. Hubbs, 1936</small>
* ''[[Gambusia speciosa]]'' <small>[[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1859</small>
* ''[[Gambusia vittata]]'' <small>C. L. Hubbs, 1926</small>
* ''[[Gambusia wrayi]]'' <small>Regan, 1913</small>
* ''[[Gambusia xanthosoma]]'' <small>[[David Wayne Greenfield|D. W. Greenfield]], 1983</small>
* ''[[Gambusia yucatana]]'' <small>Regan, 1914</small>
* ''[[Gambusia zarskei]]'' <small>[[Manfred K. Meyer|M. K. Meyer]], [[Susanne Schories|Schories]] & [[Manfred Schartl|Schartl]], 2010</small>
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}
[[Kategori:Gambusia]]
[[Kategori:Poeciliidae]]
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