Hak asasi manusia di Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg|
'''Hak asasi manusia di Amerika Serikat''' secara hukum dilindungi oleh [[Konstitusi Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Amerika Serikat|amendemen-
|chapter = A Human Rights Lens on U.S. History: Human Rights at Home and Human Rights Abroad|volume = III|page = 4|publisher = Praeger Publishers|year = 2007|isbn = 0-275-98824-4}}</ref><ref>Brennan, William, J., ed. Schwartz, Bernard, The Burger Court: counter-revolution or confirmation?, Oxford University Press US, 1998,ISBN 0-19-512259-3, page 10</ref> disepakati melalui traktat, dan ditetapkan secara legislatif melalui Kongres, badan perundang-undangan negara bagian, dan plebisit (referendum negara bagian). Pengadilan federal di Amerika Serikat memiliki yurisdiksi atas hukum hak asasi internasional sebagai pertanyaan federal, yang terjadi berdasarkan hukum internasional yang merupakan bagian dari hukum Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol55/iss3/6/|title=Human rights in the United States courts: The role of lawyers|last=Schneebaum|first=Steven M.|date=Summer, 1998|publisher=Washington & Lee Law Review|accessdate=2009-06-10|archive-date=2023-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604233819/https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol55/iss3/6/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Di [[Tiga Belas Koloni]] [[Amerika Britania]], organisasi hak asasi manusia pertama kali didirikan oleh [[Anthony Benezet]] pada tahun 1775 dengan tujuan menghapus perbudakan. Setahun kemudian, [[Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat]] menganjurkan [[kemerdekaan sipil]] berdasarkan "[[pembuktian sendiri|kebenaran yang dapat membuktikan dirinya sendiri]]" “bahwa mereka dikaruniai oleh Penciptanya dengan Hak-hak yang tidak dapat disangkal, dan bahwa di antara hak-hak itu adalah Kehidupan, Kemerdekaan, dan upaya mengejar Kebahagiaan.”<ref>Declaration of Independence</ref> Pandangan kemerdekaan manusia ini menerima sebagai dalil bahwa hak-hak fundamental tidak diberikan oleh pemerintah, melainkan tidak dapat disangkal dan melekat pada setiap individu, anteseden pemerintah.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Henkin|first1=Louis|last2=Rosenthal|first2=Albert J.|title=Constitutionalism and rights: the influence of the United States constitution abroad|url=https://archive.org/details/constit_xxx_1990_00_0171|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1990|isbn=0-231-06570-1|pages=
Dengan menjunjung prinsip-prinsip tersebut, Konstitusi Amerika Serikat diadopsi pada tahun 1787, sehingga terbentuk sebuah [[republik]] yang menjamin sejumlah kemerdekaan sipil dan hak-hak. Kemerdekaan dan hak-hak tersebut lebih lanjut dikodifikasi dalam [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] (sepuluh
Pada abad ke-20, Amerika Serikat memegang peran utama dalam pendirian [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] dan penyusunan [[Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia]].<ref name="Ignatieff1">{{Cite book|last = Ignatieff|first = Michael|authorlink = Michael Ignatieff|chapter = Introduction: American Exceptionalism and Human Rights|title = American Exceptionalism and Human Rights|publisher = Princeton University Press|year = 2005|isbn = 0-691-11648-2}}</ref> Sebagian besar Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia mengambil model sebagian dari [[United States Bill of Rights|U.S. Bill of Rights]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Drafting and Adoption: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights|url=http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm|accessdate=02-07-2008|author=National Coordinating Committee for UDHR|publisher=Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute|year=1998|archive-date=2012-05-25|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525091118/http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
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== Bacaan selanjutnya ==
* {{Cite book
|last = Ignatieff
|first = Michael
Baris 22:
|year = 2005
|isbn = 0-691-11648-2}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Ishay
|first = Micheline
|title = The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era
|url = https://archive.org/details/historyofhumanri0000isha_l5h5
|publisher = [[University of California Press]]
|edition = Second
|year = 2008
|isbn = 0-520-25641-7 }}
* {{Cite book
|last = Lauren
|first = Paul Gordon
|authorlink =
|title = The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen
|url = https://archive.org/details/evolutionofinter02edlaur_d4o4
|publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press
|edition = Second
|year = 2003
|isbn = 0-8122-1854-X}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Olyan
|first = Saul M.
|coauthor = Martha C. Nussbaum
|title = Sexual Orientation and Human Rights in American Religious Discourse
|url = https://archive.org/details/sexualorientatio0000unse_k5a9
|location = New York
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|year = 1998
|isbn = 0-19-511942-8}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Rhoden
|first = Nancy Lee
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|year = 2000
|isbn = 0-8420-2748-3 }}
* {{Cite book
|last = Shapiro
|first = Steven R.
|coauthors = Human Rights Watch, American Civil Liberties Union
|title = Human Rights Violations in the United States: A Report on U.S. Compliance with The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
|url = https://archive.org/details/humanrightsviola0000unse_v4b8
|publisher = [[Human Rights Watch]]
|year = 1993
|isbn = 1-56432-122-3}}
* {{Cite book
|editors = Soohoo, Cynthia; Albisa, Catherine; Davis, Martha F.
|title = Bringing Human Rights Home: A History of Human Rights in the United States
Baris 72 ⟶ 76:
|isbn = 0-275-98822-8
|author = ed. by Cynthia Soohoo ...}}
* {{Cite book
|editors = Soohoo, Cynthia; Albisa, Catherine; Davis, Martha F.
|title = Bringing Human Rights Home: From Civil Rights to Human Rights
Baris 80 ⟶ 84:
|isbn = 0-275-98823-6
|author = ed. by Cynthia Soohoo ...}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Quigley
|first = William
Baris 92 ⟶ 96:
|year = 2007
|isbn = 0-275-98824-4}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Weissbrodt
|first = David
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|authorlink =
|title = International Human Rights Law: An Introduction
|url = https://archive.org/details/interna_wei_2007_00_8477
|publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press
|year = 2007
|isbn = 0-8122-4032-4}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Yount
|first = David
|authorlink =
|title = How the Quakers Invented America
|url = https://archive.org/details/howquakersinvent0000youn
|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield
|year = 2007
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== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://netnebraska.org/extras/humanrights/ Human Rights in the US and the International Community] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116035322/http://www.netnebraska.org/extras/humanrights/ |date=2011-01-16 }}, UNL Initiative on Human Rights & Human Diversity, sumber pembelajaran dan penelitian untuk siswa
* {{en}} [http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/united-states Freedom in The World: United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430091912/http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/united-states |date=2012-04-30 }} laporan [[Freedom House]]
* {{en}} [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=7084 Freedom in the World 2006: United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201094321/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=7084 |date=2011-02-01 }} from
* {{en}} [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/ Human Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119065239/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/ |date=2012-01-19 }} dari [[Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]]
* {{en}} [http://hrw.org/wr2k6/us/index.htm United States: Human Rights World Report 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114115158/http://www.hrw.org/wr2k6/us/index.htm |date=2008-11-14 }} dari Human Rights Watch
{{United States topics}}
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