Hari Transfer Bank: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Bank Transfer Day poster..jpg|thumbjmpl|300px|Poster $100 Bank Transfer Day]]

| date = November 1, 2011
| accessdate = November 1, 2011

| url = https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=294652717225888&id=281139538577206

Kristen Christian, seorang pemilik galeri seni di [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], mengatakan dirinya tidak puas dengan "tarif konyol dan layanan nasabah yang buruk" dari Bank of America."<ref>{{cite web | author = Miller, Jen A. | date = October 15, 2011 | title = Fed Up L.A. Gallery Owner Launches 'Bank Transfer Day' | url = http://www.interest.com/savings/advice/fed-up-l-a-gallery-owner-launches-bank-transfer-day/ | publisher = ''Savings Blog'' (blog of [[interest.com]]) | accessdate = October 20, 2011 | archive-date = 2011-12-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111228052119/http://www.interest.com/savings/advice/fed-up-l-a-gallery-owner-launches-bank-transfer-day/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Ia membuat halaman acara di Facebook berjudul "Bank Tranfer Day" dan mengundang teman-temannya untuk menutup rekening di bank-bank yang mengambil untung besar dan memindahkan uang mereka ke serikat kredit pada 5 November 2011. Christian memilih 5 November karena berhubungan dengan [[Guy Fawkes]], tokoh bersejarah yang mencoba [[Gunpowder Plot|meledakkan Majelis Tinggi Britania]] dan membawa agama Katolik kembali ke Britania Raya, namun tertangkap pada tanggal 5 November 1605.<ref>{{cite news|author = White, Martha C.|date = October 10, 2011|title = Wall Street Protests Get Specific: Could 'Bank Transfer Day' Pit Americans Against Their Big Banks?|publisher = ''Moneyland'' (blog of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'')|url = http://moneyland.time.com/2011/10/10/bank-transfer-day-urges-americans-to-leave-big-banks/|accessdate = October 19, 2011|archive-date = 2012-09-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120911112146/http://moneyland.time.com/2011/10/10/bank-transfer-day-urges-americans-to-leave-big-banks/|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cutimes.com/2011/10/19/bank-transfer-day-a-good-time-to-be-a-cu | title=Bank Transfer Day: A Good Time to Be a CU | work = [[Credit Union Times]] | date=October 19, 2011 | accessdate=October 20, 2011 | author=Digiovanni, Myriam | archive-date=2023-01-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129191918/https://www.cutimes.com/2011/10/19/bank-transfer-day-a-good-time-to-be-a-cu/ | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cutimes.com/2011/10/10/bank-transfer-day-causes-cu-buzz "'Bank Transfer Day' Causes CU Buzz."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328050651/https://www.cutimes.com/2011/10/10/bank-transfer-day-causes-cu-buzz/ |date=2023-03-28 }}{{ndash}} from [http://www.cutimes.com Credit Union Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608174454/https://www.cutimes.com/ |date=2023-06-08 }}</ref>

Hari Transfer Bank mendorong nasabah bank untuk mentransfer tabungan mereka dari bank besar ke serikat kredit. Peristiwa ini merupakan tanggapan atas apa yang disebut para pengkritik sebagai tarif agresif yang akan diluncurkan bank-bank besar, terutama keputusan Bank of America untuk membebani pengguna kartu kredit dengan tarif bulanan $5 dan [[Wells Fargo]] $3 (sudah dibatalkan Wells Fargo karena kekecewaan konsumen).{{cn|date=November 2011}} Halaman acara Faceboook menyatakan: "Bersama kita menjamin bahwa institusi perbankan ini akan selalu ingat dengan tanggal 5 November! Jika 99% memindahkan tabungannya dari institusi perbankan besar ke serikat kredit nirlaba pada tanggal tersebut, kita akan mengirimkan pesan yang nyata kepada 1% bahwa konsumen sadar tidak akan mau mendukung perusahaan yang melakukan praktik bisnis yang tidak etis."<ref name=cnbc1>{{cite web | author = Thompson, Cadie | date = October 7, 2011 | title = Occupy Wall Street Backs a Nationwide Boycott Against Banks | url = http://www.cnbc.com/id/44800021 | publisher = ''NetNet with John Carney'' (blog of [[CNBC]]) | accessdate = October 19, 2011 | archive-date = 2022-12-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221225211653/https://www.cnbc.com/id/44800021/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>

[[Credit Union National Association]] (CUNA) mengatakan bahwa situs web asosiasi yang menginformasikan konsumen mengenai layanan serikat kredit mengalami ini peningkatan lalu lintas. Anggota CUNA melaporkan adanya peningkatan jumlah pembukaan rekening. Menurut Bill Cheney, presiden dan pejabat eksekutif tertinggi CUNA, pembukaan rekening besar-besaran yang baru terjadi lebih stabil daripada pembukaan besar-besaran lainnya di masa lalu.<ref>{{cite news|author = Palmer, Alex|date = October 15, 2011|title = Credit Unions Boom&nbsp;– A Bank-Fee Revolt|work = [[New York Post]]|accessdate = October 19, 2011|url = http://www.nypost.com/p/news/business/credit_unions_boom_JSBoBmRnVSPhtGNxutCyRM|archive-date = 2013-06-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130614213241/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/business/credit_unions_boom_JSBoBmRnVSPhtGNxutCyRM|dead-url = no}}</ref>

Antara 29 September, hari ketika Bank of America mengumumkan tarif bulanan untuk transaksi kartu debit, dan 2 November, serikat kredit menerima dana senilai $4,5 miliar dan 440.000<ref name=cujournal>{{cite journal|last=Passman|first=Aaron|title=How Kristen Christian Came To Launch Bank Transfer Day|journal=Credit Union Journal|date=December 19, 2011|page=23}}</ref><ref>The original estimate from CUNA was 650,000, but was later revised to 440,000.</ref> nasabah baru, yang setara dengan penambahan rekening baru sebesar 50%.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://bostonherald.com/business/general/view.bg?articleid=1379155|date = November 7, 2011|publisher=[[Boston Herald]]|title=Mass. credit unions count 20,000 bank transfers}}</ref><ref>(November 7, 2011). [http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2011/11/07/credit-unions-feel-boost-from-bank-transfer-day/ "Credit Unions Feel Boost from Bank Transfer Day."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111001302/http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2011/11/07/credit-unions-feel-boost-from-bank-transfer-day/ |date=2011-11-11 }} [http://www.foxbusiness.com Fox Business News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815175340/http://www.foxbusiness.com/ |date=2023-08-15 }}. Accessed November 2011.</ref> CUNA mengklaim bahwa pada 5 November 2011, sekitar 40.000 orang bergabung dengan serikat kredit dengan total dana rekening sebesar $80 juta.<ref>Berman, Jillian (November 9, 2011).[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/09/bank-transfer-day-40000-join-credit-unions_n_1083744.html "Bank Transfer Day Pushes 40,000 To Join Credit Unions, Survey Finds."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112130158/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/09/bank-transfer-day-40000-join-credit-unions_n_1083744.html |date=2016-01-12 }} [http://www.huffingtonpost.com Huffington Post] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050422005938/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ |date=2005-04-22 }}. Accessed November 2011.</ref><ref>(November 9, 2011.) [http://www.cuna.org/newsnow/11/wash110811-2.html "CUNA survey: 40k members, $80M in savings on BTD."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111150209/http://www.cuna.org/newsnow/11/wash110811-2.html |date=2011-11-11 }} [http://www.cuna.org Credit Union National Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120731175742/http://www.cuna.org/ |date=2012-07-31 }}. Accessed November 2011.</ref>

Bank-bank kecil dan serikat kredit dengan aset bernilai kurang dari $10 miliar mampu menawarkan hadiah ekstra dan menghindari tarif tambahan, karena mereka dibebaskan dari batasan yang ditetapkan Amendemen Durbin.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://citizensvoice.com/news/small-banks-credit-unions-capitalize-on-big-bank-fumbling-1.1226472#axzz1dRoXbARN|title=Small banks, credit unions capitalize on big bank fumbling|newspaper=[[Citizen's Voice]]|author=David Falchek|date=2 November 2011|access-date=2012-01-01|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118170746/https://www.citizensvoice.com/news/small-banks-credit-unions-capitalize-on-big-bank-fumbling-1.1226472#axzz1dRoXbARN|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Peningkatan tarif transaksi terencanakan disebabkan oleh [[Undang-Undang Reformasi Wall Street dan Perlindungan Konsumen Dodd-Frank#Tanggapan dan pengesahan legislatif|AmandemenAmendemen Durbin]] yang berlaku pada 1 Oktober, yang merupakan pelengkap bagi [[Undang-Undang Reformasi Wall Street dan Perlindungan Konsumen Dodd-Frank]], sebuah [[statuta federal]] Amerika Serikat<ref name=cnbc1 /> Amendemen Durbin membatasi tarif yang dapat dibebankan kepada pebisnis ketika konsumen menggesek kartu debit mereka mulai dari 44 sen sampai 24 sen. Menurut para pakar, seorang nasabah yang melakukan 25 transaksi kartu debit per bulan mampu merugikan bank sebesar $5 sebelum Amendemen Durbin. Akibatnya, banyak bank-bank besar seperti Wells Fargo dan [[SunTrust]] menutup kerugian tersebut dengan membebani pemakaian kartu kredit, biayanya beragam mulai dari $3 sampai $5 per bulannya.<ref>{{cite web | author = Driscoll, Emily | date = October 11, 2011 | title = How To Avoid Bank Fees | url = http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2011/10/11/more-bank-fees-are-coming/ | publisher = [[Fox Business Network]] | accessdate = October 19, 2011 | archive-date = 2016-01-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160104002951/http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2011/10/11/more-bank-fees-are-coming/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>

Angota legislatif Demokrat meminta [[Departemen Keadilan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Keadilan A.S.]] untuk menyelidiki bank-bank besar yang belakangan ini mulai membebani tarif kartu kredit. Empat anggota kongres mengklaim bahwa bank besar seperti [[Chase (bank)|Chase]] dan Wells Fargo bisa jadi telah melanggar hukum anti-trust. Dalam surat kepada [[Jaksa Umum Amerika Serikat|Jaksa Umum A.S.]] [[Eric Holder]] tertanggal 13 Oktober 2011, [[Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat|Anggota DPR A.S.]] [[Peter Welch]] dan empat anggota [[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|Demokrat]] lainnya meminta Holder menyelidiki apakah bank-bank besar melanggar hukum [[antitrust]] sebelum mengumumkan tarif tersebut.<ref>{{cite web | title = Welch to Holder: New Debit Card Fees Warrant Federal Anti-Trust Investigation | url = http://welch.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1697:welch-to-holder-new-debit-card-fees-warrant-federal-anti-trust-investigation&catid=39:2011-press-releases&Itemid=32 | accessdate = October 17, 2011 | author = Coriell, Scott | archive-date = 2011-10-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111018214022/http://www.welch.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1697:welch-to-holder-new-debit-card-fees-warrant-federal-anti-trust-investigation&catid=39:2011-press-releases&Itemid=32 | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Letter Calling for Attorney General Investigation of Bank Fees|url=http://grijalva.house.gov/uploads/Letter%20Calling%20for%20Attorney%20General%20Investigation%20of%20Bank%20Fees%20Oct%2013.pdf|publisher=[[Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat]]|accessdate=October 17, 2011|author=[[Peter Welch|Welch, Peter]]|format=PDF; requires [[Adobe Acrobat|Adobe Reader]]|date=13 October 2011|archive-date=2011-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226130357/http://grijalva.house.gov/uploads/Letter%20Calling%20for%20Attorney%20General%20Investigation%20of%20Bank%20Fees%20Oct%2013.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Empat anggota Kongres tersebut mengatakan waktu pengumuman tarif baru dari masing-masing bank mencurigakan.<ref>{{cite web | author = Staff | date = October 13, 2011 | title = Democrats Ask Justice Dept. To Probe Bank Fees | url = http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/10/13/democrats-ask-justice-dept-to-probe-bank-fees/ | publisher = [[Reuters]] (via [[Fox Business Network]]) | accessdate = October 19, 2011 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015250/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/10/13/democrats-ask-justice-dept-to-probe-bank-fees/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>

Pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2011, Anggota Dewan A.S. [[Jason Chaffetz]] (R-UT) dan [[Bill Owens (anggota kongres)|Bill Owens]] (D-NY) memperkenalkan RUU yang memperbaiki Amendemen Durbin. Menurut Chaffetz, membatalkan Amendemen Durbin akan memperbaiki konsekuensi yang membahayakan akibat RUU ini.<ref>{{cite news|author = Touryalai, Halah|date = October 13, 2011|title = New Bill Aims To Kill Durbin's Debit Card Fees|url = http://www.forbes.com/sites/halahtouryalai/2011/10/13/new-bill-could-kill-durbins-debit-card-fees/|publisher = ''Adviser Network'' (blog of ''[[Forbes]]'')|accessdate = October 19, 2011|archive-date = 2023-02-04|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230204234122/https://www.forbes.com/sites/halahtouryalai/2011/10/13/new-bill-could-kill-durbins-debit-card-fees/|dead-url = no}}</ref> Sayangnya, Anggota Dewan A.S. [[Spencer Bachus]] (R-AL), ketua [[House Banking Committee]], menyatakan bahwa penilaian kembali terhadap Amendemen Durbin adalah prioritas rendah. Belum jelas apakah RUU ini akan dilibatkan dalam sesi pemungutan suara.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/17/in-battle-with-merchants-banks-still-hope-to-overturn-durbin-amendment/|title = In Battling Merchants, Banks Still Hope To Overturn Durbin Rules|accessdate = October 19, 2011|author = Mandelbaum, Robb|date = October 17, 2011|publisher = ''You're the Boss'' (blog of ''[[The New York Times]]'')|archive-date = 2011-10-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111020154414/http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/17/in-battle-with-merchants-banks-still-hope-to-overturn-durbin-amendment/|dead-url = no}}</ref>