Manajemen perikanan: Perbedaan antara revisi

Tjuan perikanan harus diekspresikan secara jelas dalam kerangka manajemen perikanan. Di banyak negara, manajemen perikanan dibuat berdasarkan perjanjian internasional, meski tidak mengikat, seperti Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries,<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fi/agreem/codecond/ficonde.asp Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries]</ref> yang disahkan pada pertemuan [[FAO]] pada tahun 1995. [[PrinsipAsas pencegahankehati-hatian]] (''percautionaryprecautionary principle'') yang tertulis di dalamnya mencakup peraturan yang mengatur angka pembiakan minimum, angka kematian maksimum, dan sebagainya.

Perhatian diperlukan ketika mengaplikasikan dinamika populasi ikan yang real di dunia perikanan. Pada masa lalu, permodelan yang terlalu sederhana, seperti mengabaikan ukuran, usia, dan status reproduksi ikan, fokus pada permodelan satu spesies, mengabaikan hasil tangkapan sampingan, dan mengabaikan dampak kerusakan lingkungan telah mendorong terjadinya kejatuhan hasil tangkapan ikan.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Larkin | first1 = PA | year = 1977 | title = An epitaph for the concept of maximum sustained yield | url = http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:0ZITmBnzlDUJ:fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~gsd/595e/docs/22.%2520Larkin_Epitaph_Max_Sust_Yield.pdf+Larkin+1977+%22An+epitaph+for+the+concept+of+maximum+sustained+yield%22&hl=en&gl=nz&sig=AHIEtbSBFh-w5xzWiBK7rnHSLBmolsfaWA | journal = Transactions of the American Fisheries Society | volume = 106 | issue = | pages = 1–11 | doi = 10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<1:AEFTCO>2.0.CO;2 }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Lessons>{{cite journal | last1 = Walters | first1 = C | authorlink = Carl Walters | last2 = Maguire | first2 = J | year = 1996 | title = Lessons for stock assessment from the northern cod collapse | url = | journal = Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 125–137 }}</ref>

Berdasarkan pakar [[ekologi kelautan]] Chris Frid, [[industri penangkapan ikan]] menyalahkan polusi dan pemanasan global sebagai penyebab dari rendahnya stok ikan sekarang. [[Penangkapan ikan berlebihanberlebih]]an juga memiliki efek tersebut.<ref>University of Liverpool (2006). [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/02/060216233254.htm "Marine Ecologists To Help Rebuild Decreasing Fish Stocks"] ''ScienceDaily''.</ref>

Pembatas utama dalam pengambilan keputusan di manajemen perikanan adalah ketiadaan data berkualitas. Pengambilan keputusan di manajemen perikanan sering kali berdasarkan model populasi, tetapi permodelan membutuhkan data berkualitas agar efektif. Dikatakan bahwa lebih baik menggunakan permodelan sederhana asalkan data yang digunakan akurat.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[University of Alaska Fairbanks]] |year=2007 |url=http://www.sfos.uaf.edu/news/story/?ni=184 |title=Adkison advocates increased fisheries data gathering |access-date=2013-08-29 |archive-date=2007-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711045411/http://www.sfos.uaf.edu/news/story/?ni=184 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

* {{Cite journal |last=Elder |first=D. |year=2006 |title=The Impact of Federal Fishing Policies on Coastal Maine and the Town of Harpswell Thesis |publisher=Dept. of Geography [ww.ccsu.edu Central Connecticut University] |url=http://content.library.ccsu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/ccsutheses&CISOPTR=1132&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 |ref=harv |journal= |access-date=2021-06-15 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172545/http://content.library.ccsu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fccsutheses&CISOPTR=1132&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 |dead-url=yes }}

* Hlohowskyj, Ihor, Michael S. Brody, and Robert T. Lackey. 1996. Methods for assessing the vulnerability of African fisheries resources to climate change. Climate Research. 6(2): 97-106. http://www.citeulike.org/user/ltitodem/article/7144406 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526055717/http://www.citeulike.org/user/ltitodem/article/7144406 |date=2015-05-26 }}

* Lackey, Robert T. 2005. Fisheries: history, science, and management. pp.&nbsp;121–129. In: Water Encyclopedia: Surface and Agricultural Water, Jay H. Lehr and Jack Keeley, editors, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Publishers, New York, 781 pp. http://oregonstate.edu/dept/fw/lackey/FISHERIES-HISTORY-SCIENCE-AND-MANAGEMENT-REPRINT-2005.pdf {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160520075044/http://oregonstate.edu/dept/fw/lackey/FISHERIES%2DHISTORY%2DSCIENCE%2DAND%2DMANAGEMENT%2DREPRINT%2D2005.pdf |date=2016-05-20 }}

* [http://ocean.si.edu/interactives/managing-marine-fisheries Managing Marine Fisheries - Smithsonian Ocean Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725070125/http://ocean.si.edu/interactives/managing-marine-fisheries |date=2011-07-25 }}

* [https://archive.istoday/20130103084915/sites.google.com/a/seaahead.org/the-sea-ahead/Home The Sea Ahead... learning from the past]. A web site of the [[Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies]] promoting ecosystem-based fisheries management.

* [http://www.fishsec.org/article.asp?CategoryID=1&ContextID=39 Key concepts in Fisheries Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070719133321/http://www.fishsec.org/article.asp?CategoryID=1&ContextID=39 |date=2007-07-19 }} The Fisheries Secretariat. Published 6 June 2005.

* [http://fpcs.fish.govt.nz NZ Fisheries Planning Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605012904/http://fpcs.fish.govt.nz/ |date=2010-06-05 }} - An online community being built to support a collaborative approach to fisheries management

* [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/esb/?goal=ecosystems&file=users/business/fisheries/ Social & Economic Benefits of Fisheries Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617045208/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/esb/?goal=ecosystems |date=2008-06-17 }} from "NOAA Socioeconomics" website initiative

* [http://www.conservationinstitute.org/ Conservation Science Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627221426/http://conservationinstitute.org/ |date=2011-06-27 }}