Konsensus ilmiah tentang perubahan iklim: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{About| konsensus ilmiah mengenai perubahan iklim dan derajat, penyebab dan konsekuensinya | persepsi dan kontroversi publik terkait|Opini publik tentang perubahan iklim|dan|kontroversi pemanasan global}}
[[Berkas:20200324 Global average temperature - NASA-GISS HadCrut NOAA Japan BerkeleyE.svg|jmpl|
'''Konsensus ilmiah tentang perubahan iklim''' adalah konsensus para ilmuwan iklim mengenai sejauh mana [[pemanasan global]] terjadi, kemungkinan penyebabnya, dan kemungkinan konsekuensinya. Saat ini, ada [[konsensus ilmiah]] yang kuat bahwa bumi sedang memanas dan bahwa pemanasan ini terutama disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia. Konsensus ini didukung oleh berbagai studi tentang [[Opini#Opini ilmiah|opini ilmuwan]] dan oleh pernyataan posisi organisasi ilmiah, yang banyak di antaranya secara eksplisit setuju dengan laporan sintesis [[Panel Antarpemerintah tentang Perubahan Iklim]] (IPCC).
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</ref>
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[[Akademi sains|Akademi-akademi sains]] nasional dan internasional dan [[Persatuan terpelajar|persatuan-persatuan ilmiah]] telah menilai [[opini ilmiah]] terkini tentang pemanasan global. Penilaian ini umumnya konsisten dengan kesimpulan [[Panel Antarpemerintah tentang Perubahan Iklim]].
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<ref name="AIBS Position Statements">{{citation |url=http://www.aibs.org/position-statements |title=AIBS Position Statements}} "Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver."</ref>
<!--ref name="aipg">{{cite web |title=American Geological Institute Climate Statement |url=http://www.agiweb.org/gapac/climate_statement.html |archive-url=https://archive.
<!--ref name="aipg16">[http://www.aipg.org/StaticContent/anonymous/state_and_federal/Climate%20Change%20Letters.pdf AIPG Climate Change Letters sent to U.S. Government Officials]</ref-->
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<ref name="iob">{{citation |url=http://www.iob.org/general.asp?section=science_policy/policy_issues&article=climate_change.xml |title=Institute of Biology policy page ‘Climate Change’}} "there is scientific agreement that the rapid global warming that has occurred in recent years is mostly anthropogenic, ''ie'' due to human activity." As a consequence of global warming, they warn that a "rise in sea levels due to melting of ice caps is expected to occur. Rises in temperature will have complex and frequently localised effects on weather, but an overall increase in extreme weather conditions and changes in precipitation patterns are probable, resulting in flooding and drought. The spread of [[tropical diseases]] is also expected." Subsequently, the Institute of Biology advocates policies to reduce "greenhouse gas emissions, as we feel that the consequences of climate change are likely to be severe."</ref>
<ref name="ipcc1">IPCC, [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/main.html Synthesis Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102182622/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/main.html |date=2018-11-02 }}, [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains2-4.html Section 2.4: Attribution of climate change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103000828/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains2-4.html |date=2018-11-03 }}, in {{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 SYR|2007}}."It is likely that increases in GHG concentrations alone would have caused more warming than observed because volcanic and anthropogenic aerosols have offset some warming that would otherwise have taken place."</ref>
<ref name="iugg">{{cite web|url=http://www.iugg.org/resolutions/perugia07.pdf|title=IUGG Resolution 6|publisher=}}</ref>
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<ref name="nationalacademies">[http://www.nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf Joint science academies’ statement: Global response to climate change], 2005</ref>
<ref name="nas">{{cite book
| year=2008
| title=Understanding and Responding to Climate Change. A brochure prepared by the US National Research Council (US NRC)
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| author=US NRC
| url=http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/booklets/climate_change_2008_final.pdf
| location
| access-date=2019-06-26
| archive-date=2017-10-11
</ref>▼
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011182257/http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/booklets/climate_change_2008_final.pdf
| dead-url=yes
▲ }}</ref>
<ref name="nationalacademies5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/climatechangestatement.pdf|title=2008 Joint Science Academies’ Statement|publisher=}}</ref>
<ref name="nationalacademies21">{{cite web|url=http://nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf|title=Joint Science Academies' Statement|publisher=|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2013-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909022954/http://www.nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
<ref name="nationalacademies6">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf|title=2009 Joint Science Academies’ Statement|publisher=|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2010-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171429/http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/23/business/worldbusiness/23energy.html|title=Panel Urges Global Shift on Sources of Energy|first=Andrew C.|last=Revkin|date=23 October 2007|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
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<!--ref name="stateclimate15">[http://www.stateclimate.org/publications/files/aascclimatepolicy.pdf Policy Statement on Climate Variability and Change] by the American Association of State Climatologists (AASC)</ref-->
<ref name="AR4-warming-unequivocal">"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level." IPCC, [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/main.html Synthesis Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102182622/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/main.html |date=2018-11-02 }}, [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains1.html Section 1.1: Observations of climate change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804231804/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains1.html |date=2018-08-04 }}, in {{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 SYR|2007}}.</ref>
<ref name="Warming 'very likely' human-made">{{cite news |title=Warming 'very likely' human-made |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6321351.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC |date=2007-02-01 |accessdate=2007-02-01 }}</ref>
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}} (pb: {{ISBNT|0-521-01507-3}}).
* {{Citation
|year
|author = Ipcc ar4 wg2
|author-link = IPCC
|title
|series = Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|editor1 = Parry, M. L.
|editor2 = Canziani, O. F. |editor3 = Palutikof, J. P. |editor4 = van der Linden, P. J. |editor5 = Hanson, C. E. |publisher = Cambridge University Press |url
|isbn = 978-0-521-88010-7
|accessdate = 2019-06-26
|archive-date = 2018-11-10
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181110071159/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html
|dead-url = yes
}} (pb: {{ISBNT|978-0-521-70597-4}}).
* {{Citation
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