Reservasi Indian: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Di [[Amerika Serikat]] sebuah '''reservasi Indian''' adalah [[tanah]] yang dikelola oleh sebuah suku [[Indian]] di bawah Kantor
Ada sekitar 300 reservasi Indian di AS, dan itu berarti tidak semua suku Indian yang diakui di AS, yang jumlahnya lebih dari 500 suku, mempunyai sebuah daerah reservasi. Sebagian suku malah mempunyai lebih dari satu daerah reservasi, sementara yang lainnya sama sekali tidak. Selain itu, karena penjualan dan pembagian tanah
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As the tribes were no longer allowed to hunt in their accustomed manner, they were to be taught the rudiments of [[agriculture]] in order to sustain themselves on their new lands. In many cases, the lands granted to tribes were not ideal for, and in some cases resistant to, cultivation, leaving many tribes who accepted the policy in a state bordering on starvation.
Reservation treaties sometimes included stipend agreements, in which the federal government would grant a certain amount of goods to a tribe annually. The implementation of the policy was erratic, however, and in many cases the stipend goods were not delivered.
===Controversy===
The policy was controversial from the start. Reservations were generally established by [[executive order]]. In many cases, white settlers objected to the size of land parcels, which were subsequently reduced. A report submitted to the [[United States Congress]] in [[1868]] found widespread corruption among the federal Indian agencies and generally poor conditions among the relocated tribes.
Many tribes ignored the relocation orders at first and were forced onto their new limited land parcels. In many cases, the policy required the continuing support of the [[United States Army]] in the West to restrict the movements of various tribes. The pursuit of tribes in order to force them back onto reservations led to a number of Indian Wars. The most famous such conflict was the [[Sioux War]] on the northern [[Great Plains]], between [[1876]] and [[1881]], which included the [[Battle of Little Bighorn]]. Other famous wars in this regard included the [[Nez Perce War]].
By the late [[1870s]], the policy established by Grant was regarded as a failure, primarily because it had resulted in some of the bloodiest wars between Native Americans and the United States. By [[1877]], President [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] began phasing out the policy, and by [[1882]] all religious organizations had relinquished their authority to the federal Indian agency.
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== Kehidupan dan kebudayaan ==
Banyak orang Indian yang hidup di
Kehidupan di sebagian reservasi Indian sangat buruk. [[Shannon County]] di [[South Dakota]] yang merupakan daerah reservasi untuk suku Indian Pine Ridge, biasanya digambarkan sebagai salah satu ''county'' yang paling miskin di seluruh AS.
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/RESERV.PDF BIA full-size map of Indian Reservations in the continental United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226135318/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/RESERV.PDF |date=2011-02-26 }}
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/ResMapIndex.htm BIA index to map of Indian Reservations in the continental United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921084605/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/ResMapIndex.htm |date=2011-09-21 }}
* [http://www.fema.gov/tribal/indian_reserv.shtm FEMA: Federally recognized Indian reservations]
* [http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0423/p08s01-comv.html Gambling on the reservation] April 2004 ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'' article with links to other Monitor articles on the topic.
* [http://www.infca.org/tribes/IRA.htm Wheeler-Howard Act (Indian Reorganization Act) 1934] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060923155305/http://www.infca.org/tribes/IRA.htm |date=2006-09-23 }}▼
* [http://www.theorator.com/bills108/s523.html Native American Technical Corrections Act of 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217202126/http://www.theorator.com/bills108/s523.html |date=2004-12-17 }}▼
▲* [http://www.infca.org/tribes/IRA.htm Wheeler-Howard Act (Indian Reorganization Act) 1934]
▲* [http://www.theorator.com/bills108/s523.html Native American Technical Corrections Act of 2003]
{{Macam pembagian negara}}
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[[Kategori:Pembagian administratif]]
[[Kategori:Suku Indian]]
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