Resolusi 47 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''[[Resolusi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Resolusi 47 Dewan Keamanan]] [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]''', diadopsi 21 April 1948, setelah mendengar argumen India dan Pakistan, Dewan memperbesar ukuran Komisi yang ditetapkan [[Resolusi 39 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] menjadi lima anggota, menginstruksikan Komisi untuk pergi ke [[anak benua India]] dan membantu pemerintah India dan Pakistan menjaga perdamaian dan tata tertib di kawasan tersebut dan mempersiapkan plebisit yang menentukan nasib [[Kashmir]]. Resolusi ini disahkan oleh [[Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] di bawah [[Bab VI Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Bab VI]] Piagam PBB.<ref>One of the earliest applications of Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter was on the Kashmir dispute. Following negotiations and agreements among the parties, the Security Council adopted resolution 47 (1948) of 21 April 1948 which promised a free and fair plebiscite under UN auspices to enable the people of Jammu and Kashmir to determine whether they wish to join Pakistan or India. [http://www.pakun.org/statements/Security_Council/2003/05132003-01.php Foreign Minister of Pakistan, on the role of the Security Council in the Pacific Settlement of Disputes]</ref> Resolusi ini yang disahkan di bawah Bab VI Piagam PBB dianggap tidak mengikat dan tidak bersifat wajib diterapkan, berbeda dengan resolusi-resolusi yang disahkan di bawah [[Bab VII Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Bab VII]].<ref>'The Kashmir issue was taken to the UN by India in January, 1948 and remained active in the UN Security Council till the late fifties The Indian complaint was filed under Chapter VI of the UN Charter and not under Chapter VII, which requires mandatory enforcement of the UN Security Council's decisions.' [http://archives.dawn.com/2004/08/05/op.htm#1 Kashmir policy: an overview by Shamshad Ahmad], [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] 2004-08-05</ref><ref>"There are two sorts of security council resolution: those under 'chapter 6' are non-binding recommendations dealing with the peaceful resolution of disputes; those under 'chapter 7' give the council broad powers, including war, to deal with 'threats to the peace ... or acts of aggression'." [http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,846814,00.html If Saddam steps out of line we must go straight to war by Bill Emmott], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 2002-11-25.</ref><ref>'Chapter VI establishes the appropriate methods of settling international disputes and the Security Council's powers in relation to them. It is generally agreed that resolutions under Chapter VI are advisory rather than binding. These resolutions have generally been operative only with the consent of all parties involved. Traditionally, the Chapter has not been interpreted to support collective intervention by member states in the affairs of another member state.'[https://archive.istoday/20120708163421/hir.harvard.edu/articles/888 Collective Insecurities by Azeem Suterwalla]. [[Harvard International Review]]</ref>

Pakistna mengabaikan mandat PBB dan terus berperang dan bertahan di wilayah Kashmir miliknya.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html A Brief History of Kashmir Conflict]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]].'' September 24, 2001.</ref> Subsequently India refused to implement the plebiscite claiming the withdrawal of Pakistan forces was a prerequisite as per this resolution.<ref>[http://meaindia.nic.in/jk/kashmirissue.htm Kashmir Issue]. Ministry of External Affairs - India. {{Wayback|date=20081229041527Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410161232/http://meaindia.nic.in/jk/kashmirissue.htm |dfdate=yes2009-04-10 }}</ref> Pada tahun 1990, setelah hampir empat dasawarsa, Amerika Serikat berubah posisi dan tidak lagi mendorong plebisit di Kashmir dengan alasan sengketa ini harus diselesaikan melalui negosiasi langsung antara India dan Pakistan.<ref>'After nearly four decades, the United States has changed its position and is no longer urging a plebiscite in Kashmir, saying the dispute should be settled through direct negotiations between India and Pakistan' [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE5DA153FF931A15757C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink State Dept. Moves to Expel Top Kashmir Separatist]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. April 22, 1990.</ref>

* [[Daftar Resolusi 1 sampai 1000 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (1946 &ndash;– 1953)

* [http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/047/72/IMG/NR004772.pdf?OpenElement Text of Resolution at UN.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731015426/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/047/72/IMG/NR004772.pdf?OpenElement |date=2013-07-31 }} (PDF)