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{{Rapikan}}[[Berkas:NASA Mars Rover.jpg|300px|jmpl|ka|Gambaran artis mengenai rover di [[Mars]]]]
 
'''MER-B''' ('''Mars Exploration Rover - B'''), juga disebut '''''Opportunity''''', adalah misi eksplorasi [[Mars]] [[NASA]] dengan [[roverPenjelajah (wahana antariksa)|robot penjelajah]]. MER-B berhasil mendarat di [[Meridiani Planum]] pada tanggal [[25 Januari]] [[2004]] pukul 05:05 [[Ground UTC]] (''circa'' 13:15 waktu setempat), tiga minggu setelah kembarannya, ''[[Spirit (wahana penjelajah)|Spirit]]'' (MER-A) mendarat di sisi lain planet.{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = ''Opportunity''
| image = NASA Mars Rover.jpg
| image_caption = An[[Berkas:NASA artist'sMars portrayalRover.jpg|300px|jmpl|ka|Gambaran ofartis ''Opportunity''mengenai onrobot thepenjelajah surface ofdi [[Mars.]]]]
| insignia = =
| insignia_caption = The launch patch for ''Opportunity'', featuring [[Duck Dodgers]] ([[Daffy Duck]])
| mission_type = [[Mars rover]]▼
| operator = [[NASA]]▼
| website = [http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status.html#opportunity JPL's Mars Exploration Rover]▼
| COSPAR_ID = 2003-032A▼
| SATCAT =
| mission_duration = Direncanakan = Planned: 90 [[Sol (daysatuan onhari di Mars)|sols]] (92.5&nbsp;Earthhari&nbsp;daysbumi)<br />Final: 5,352 sols ({{age in days|2004|01|25|2019|02|13}}&nbsp;Earth&nbsp;days from landing to mission end;hari bumi/15 Earthtahun yearsbumi oratau 8 Martiantahun yearsMars)▼
| spacecraft_type = Rover▼
| dry_mass = {{convert| | | |abbr=on}}
| launch_mass = Total: 1,063 kg<br/> rover: 185 kg<br/> landerpendarat: 348 kg <br/> backshellcangkang/parachuteparasut: 209 kg<br/> heatpelindung shieldpanas: 78 kg<br/> Cruisetahap Stagelayar: 193 kg<br/> propellantbahan bakar: 50 kg<ref name="LaunchDetails"/>▼
| launch_date = {{start-date|JulyJuli 7, 2003, 03:18 UTC}}<ref name="LaunchDetails"/><ref name="NASA-Opportunity">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Mars Exploration Rover – Opportunity |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer/ |date= |work=NASA |accessdate=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124075309/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer |archive-date=January 24, 2014 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="LaunchDetails"/>▼
| launch_rocket = [[Delta II]] 7925H-9.5<ref name="LaunchDetails"/><ref name="nasa"/><ref name="Jonathan's Space Report No. 504"/>▼
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17|SLC-17B]]▼
| launch_contractor = Boeing▼
| last_contact = JuneJuni 10, 2018<ref name="NASA-20190213">{{cite news |last1=Agle |first1=D.C. |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Wendel |first3=JoAnna |title=NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7334 |date=FebruaryFebruari 13, 2019 |work=NASA |accessdate=FebruaryFebruari 14, 2019}}</ref>▼
| declared = FebruaryFebruari 13, 2019<ref name="NASA-20190213" />▼
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP|type=rover|object=[[Mars]]|arrival_date=JanuaryJanuari 25, 2004,<ref name="NASA-Opportunity" /> 05:05 UTC [[Spacecraft Event Time|SCET]]<br /> [[Timekeeping on Mars|MSD]] 46236 14:35 [[Airy Mean Time|AMT]]▼
 
|location={{coord|1.9462|S|354.4734|E|globe:Mars|name=Opportunity rover}}<ref name="Esri-Mapping">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Mapping the Mars Rovers' Landing Sites |url=http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html |date= |work=[[Esri]] |accessdate=MayMei 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504190618/http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html |archive-date=May 4, 2014 |dead-url=no }}</ref>▼
▲| mission_type = [[Mars rover]]
▲| operator = [[NASA]]
▲| website = [http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status.html#opportunity JPL's Mars Exploration Rover]
▲| COSPAR_ID = 2003-032A
| SATCAT =
▲| mission_duration = Planned: 90 [[Sol (day on Mars)|sols]] (92.5&nbsp;Earth&nbsp;days)<br />Final: 5,352 sols ({{age in days|2004|01|25|2019|02|13}}&nbsp;Earth&nbsp;days from landing to mission end; 15 Earth years or 8 Martian years)
 
|distance = {{cvt|45.16|km}}<ref name="mer-status">{{cite web|url=http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html|title=Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates|work=nasa.gov|accessdate=September 18, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.istoday/20150830191319/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2011.html|archive-date=AugustAgustus 30, 2015|dead-url=no}}</ref> <small>▼
▲| spacecraft_type = Rover
| dry_mass =
▲| launch_mass = Total: 1,063 kg<br/> rover: 185 kg<br/> lander: 348 kg <br/> backshell/parachute: 209 kg<br/> heat shield: 78 kg<br/> Cruise Stage: 193 kg<br/> propellant: 50 kg<ref name="LaunchDetails"/>
 
▲| launch_date = {{start-date|July 7, 2003, 03:18 UTC}}<ref name="NASA-Opportunity">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Mars Exploration Rover – Opportunity |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer/ |date= |work=NASA |accessdate=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124075309/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer |archive-date=January 24, 2014 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="LaunchDetails"/>
▲| launch_rocket = [[Delta II]] 7925H-9.5<ref name="LaunchDetails"/><ref name="nasa"/><ref name="Jonathan's Space Report No. 504"/>
▲| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17|SLC-17B]]
▲| launch_contractor = Boeing
 
▲| last_contact = June 10, 2018<ref name="NASA-20190213">{{cite news |last1=Agle |first1=D.C. |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Wendel |first3=JoAnna |title=NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7334 |date=February 13, 2019 |work=NASA |accessdate=February 14, 2019}}</ref>
▲| declared = February 13, 2019<ref name="NASA-20190213" />
▲|interplanetary={{Infobox spaceflight/IP|type=rover|object=[[Mars]]|arrival_date=January 25, 2004,<ref name="NASA-Opportunity" /> 05:05 UTC [[Spacecraft Event Time|SCET]]<br /> [[Timekeeping on Mars|MSD]] 46236 14:35 [[Airy Mean Time|AMT]]
 
▲|location={{coord|1.9462|S|354.4734|E|globe:Mars|name=Opportunity rover}}<ref name="Esri-Mapping">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Mapping the Mars Rovers' Landing Sites |url=http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html |date= |work=[[Esri]] |accessdate=May 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504190618/http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html |archive-date=May 4, 2014 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
 
▲|distance = {{cvt|45.16|km}}<ref name="mer-status">{{cite web|url=http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll.html|title=Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates|work=nasa.gov|accessdate=September 18, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.is/20150830191319/http://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/status_opportunityAll_2011.html|archive-date=August 30, 2015|dead-url=no}}</ref> <small>
}}
| programme = [[MarsProgram ExplorationEksplorasi ProgramMars]]
| previous_mission = ''[[Sojourner (rover)|Sojourner]]''
| next_mission = ''[[Curiosity (rover)|Curiosity]]''
}}
 
<!----'''''Opportunity''''', also known as '''MER-B''' ('''Mars Exploration Rover – B''') or '''MER-1''', and nicknamed "'''Oppy'''",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/opportunity-memories/#group-2|title=Opportunity Memories {{!}} NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/opportunity-memories/#group-34|title=Opportunity Memories {{!}} NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> is a [[Robotics|robotic]] [[rover (space exploration)|rover]] that was active on [[Mars]] from 2004 to late 2018.<ref name="NASA-Opportunity" /> Launched on July 7, 2003, as part of [[NASA]]'s [[Mars Exploration Rover]] program, it landed in [[Meridiani Planum]] on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin ''[[Spirit (rover)|Spirit]]'' (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet.<ref name="january"/> With a planned 90-[[Sol (day on Mars)|sol]] duration of activity (slightly more than 90 Earth days), ''Spirit'' functioned until it got stuck in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, while ''Opportunity'' was able to stay operational for {{age in sols|2004|01|25|2018|06|11}} sols after landing, maintaining its power and key systems through continual recharging of its batteries using [[solar power]], and hibernating during events such as dust storms to save power. This careful operation allowed ''Opportunity'' to exceed its operating plan by {{Age in years and days|2004|04|26|2018|06|11}} (in Earth time), 55 times its designed lifespan. By June 10, 2018, when it last contacted NASA,<ref name="Malik2018">{{cite web |url= https://www.space.com/40888-mars-dust-storm-2018-and-opportunity-rover-images.html| title= Mars Dust Storm 2018: How It Grew & What It Means for the Opportunity Rover|last= Malik|first= T.|date=June 21, 2018|website= space.com|publisher= Future.plc|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Rayl2018-08">{{cite web |url= http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/mer-updates/2018/08-mer-update-opportunity-sleeps.html| title= The Mars Exploration Rovers Update: Dust Storm Wanes, Opportunity Sleeps, Team Prepares Recovery Strategy|last= Rayl|first= A.J.S.|date=August 1, 2018|website= planetary.org|publisher= [[Planetary Society]]|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> the rover had traveled a distance of {{convert|45.16|km|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name="mer-status" />
 
Mission highlights included the initial 90-sol mission, finding extramartian [[meteorite]]s such as [[Heat Shield Rock]] (Meridiani Planum meteorite), and over two years of exploring and studying [[Victoria crater]]. The rover survived moderate dust storms and in 2011 reached [[Endeavour crater]], which has been described as a "second landing site".<ref name=wustl/> The ''Opportunity'' mission is considered one of NASA's most successful ventures.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47231247 | title = Nasa calls time on silent Opportunity Mars rover | first = Jonathan | last = Amos | date = February 13, 2019 | access-date = February 14, 2019 | work = BBC }}</ref>
 
Due to the [[Opportunity mission timeline#Dust storm|planetary 2018 dust storm]] on Mars, ''Opportunity'' ceased communications on June 10 and entered [[Safe mode (spacecraft)|hibernation]] on June 12, 2018. It was hoped it would reboot once the weather cleared,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/opportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture|title=Opportunity Emerges in a Dusty Picture|last=Greicius|first=Tony|date=September 24, 2018|work=NASA|access-date=November 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015130226/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/opportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture/|archive-date=October 15, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> but it did not, suggesting either a catastrophic failure or that a layer of dust had covered its solar panels. NASA hoped to re-establish contact with the rover, citing a windy period that could potentially clean off its solar panels.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts|title=Update on Opportunity Rover Recovery Efforts|last=Greicius|first=Tony|date=August 30, 2018|work=NASA|access-date=November 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103171532/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts/|archive-date=November 3, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> On February 13, 2019, NASA officials declared that the ''Opportunity'' mission was complete, after the spacecraft had failed to respond to over 1,000 signals sent since August 2018.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title= NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8413/nasas-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end/ |date=February 13, 2019 |work=NASA |access-date=February 13, 2019 }}</ref>----->
 
== Pensiun ==
Opportunity pensiun setelah 15 tahun berkelana di Mars. Robot tersebut telah berkelana sejauh hampir 45 kilometer menjelajah pada permukaan planet mars.
 
Pada 10 Juni 2018, Opportunity hilang kontak karena Badai Debu Global 2018 di planet [[Mars]] dan memasuki masa hibernasi pada 12 Juni 2018 dengan harapan bisa di nyalakan ulang saat cuaca membaik. Setelah badai pasir menghilang [[Nasa]] tidak bisa mengontak [[Opportunity]]. Pada 13 Februari 2019, [[Nasa]] menyatakan misi [[Opportunity]] tercapai setelah wahana gagal merespon lebih dari 1000 sinyal yang dikirimkan sejak bulan Agustus 2018▼
 
Opportunity mengirimkan pesan terakhirnya kepada awak bumi "bateraiku sudah hampir habis, dan cuaca disini juga mulai gelap." Pada masa pembuatan robot Opportunity hanya diperkirakan akan bertahan di planet merah itu sekitar 90 hari, tidak lebih.
 
== Referensi ==
▲Pada 10 Juni 2018, Opportunity hilang kontak karena Badai Debu Global 2018 di planet [[Mars]] dan memasuki masa hibernasi pada 12 Juni 2018 dengan harapan bisa di nyalakan ulang saat cuaca membaik. Setelah badai pasir menghilang [[Nasa]] tidak bisa mengontak [[Opportunity]]. Pada 13 Februari 2019, [[Nasa]] menyatakan misi [[Opportunity]] tercapai setelah wahana gagal merespon lebih dari 1000 sinyal yang dikirimkan sejak bulan Agustus 2018
{{Reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mer/daily.cfm JPL's Mars Exploration Rover home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713085838/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mer/daily.cfm |date=2008-07-13 }}
* [http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html JPL's Mars Exploration Rover Mission page]
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=MER_B Opportunity Mission Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802015856/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=MER_B |date=2007-08-02 }} by [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration]
* [http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/meran MER Analyst's Notebook], Interactive access to mission data and documentation
* [http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/mer2004/mission-status/index.html Mission Status updates from NASA JPL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204055044/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/mer2004/mission-status/index.html |date=2004-12-04 }}
* [http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/01/24/ Finding Opportunity: high resolution images of landing site (Mars Global Surveyor - Mars Orbiter Camera)]
* [[s:NASA MER press briefings|Wikisource:NASA MER press briefings]]
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[[Kategori:Wahana antariksa Mars]]
[[Kategori:Wahana antariksa NASA]]
[[Kategori:Misi ke Mars]]
[[Kategori:SpaceProb probeantariksa yang diluncurkan tahun 2003]]
[[Kategori:Wahana penjelajah Mars]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Opportunity"