Kōsō Abe: Perbedaan antara revisi

Kōsō Abe dilahirkan di [[Prefektur Yamagata]], utara Jepang pada [[24 Maret]] [[1892]]. Ia lulus dari angkatan ke-40 [[Akademi Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang]] pada [[1912]]. Dari 144 kadet, ia menduduki posisi rangking ke-73. Selanjutnya ia ditugaskan sebagai kadet di kapal penjelajah Azuma dan Yakumo dari tahun [[1912]] hingga [[1913]], dan kapal penjelajah Izumo pada [[1915]]. Ia kemudian kembali ke Sekolah Artileri dan Torpedo Angkatan Laut pada tahun yang sama dan lulus pada [[1917]], sehingga ia tidak dapat berpartisipasi dalam [[Perang Dunia I]].

Pada [[17 Agustus]] dan [[19 Agustus]] [[1942]], 200 prajurit komando Marinir Amerika serikat mendarat dengan kapal selam melakukan serangan ke [[Pulau Makin]], untuk menghancurkan instalasi Jepang, mengumpulkan data intelijen dan mengalihkan perhatian Jepang dari [[Guadalcanal]]. Pasukan Marinir berhasil menghancurkan stasiun radio, depo bahan bakar dan depo pasokan Jepang. Mereka kehilangan 30 orang, sedangkan Jepang kehilangan sekitar 85-160 orang. Setelah serangan, sembilan Marinir Amerika Serikat tertangkap oleh pasukan [[Jepang]] dan menjadi tawanan perang di [[Kwajalein]], mereka ditahan selama sekitar satu bulan. Awalnya para tawanan perang Amerika ini akan dikirim ke Jepang, tetapi pada akhirnya Kōsō Abe memerintahkan untuk mengeksekusi mereka. Pada [[16 Oktober]] [[1942]], mereka dipenggal.<ref>Whitman, ''Submarine Commandos''</ref>.

Setelah Perang Dunia II berakhir, ia ditangkap oleh otoritas SCAP ''(Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers)'' atau [[Komandan Tertinggi Sekutu]] dan dituntut sebagai penjahat perang atas peran sertanya dalam [[Insiden Makin]]. Ia diektradisi ke [[Guam]] dan dihukum mati dengan digantung pada [[19 Juni]] [[1947]] di [[Guam]].<ref>Nishida, ''Imperial Japanese Navy'' and Whitman, ''Submarine Commandos''.</ref>.

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==

* {{en}} {{cite book |last = Fuller |first = Richard |year = 1992 |title = Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai|url = https://archive.org/details/shokanhirohitoss00full|publisher = Arms and Armour Press |location = London |isbn = 978-1-85409-151-2 }}

* {{en}} {{cite book |last = Morison |first = Samuel Eliot |authorlink = Samuel Eliot Morison |origyear = 1949|year = 2001 |chapter = |title = Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions, May 1942-August 1942, ''vol. 4 of ''[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]] |publisher = University of Illinois Press |location = Champaign, Illinois, USA |isbn = 978-0-252-06995-6 }}

* {{en}} {{cite book |last = Morison |first = Samuel Eliot |authorlink = Samuel Eliot Morison |year = 1961 |chapter = |title = Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944, ''vol. 7 of ''[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]] |publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]] |location = Boston |id = ASIN B0007FBB8I }}

* {{en}} {{cite book |last = Smith |first = George W. |authorlink = |year = 2003 |chapter = |title = Carlson's Raid: The Daring Marine Assault on Makin|url = https://archive.org/details/carlsonsraiddari0000smit_z7e6|publisher = Berkley Trade |location = |isbn = 978-0-425-19019-7 }} - Neutral review of this book: [http://www.historyofmilitary.com/Carlsons_Raid_0891417443.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208205748/http://www.historyofmilitary.com/Carlsons_Raid_0891417443.html |date=2006-12-08 }}

* {{en}} {{cite book |last = Wiles |first = W. Emerson "Tripp" |authorlink = |year = 2007 |chapter = |title = Forgotten Raiders of '42: The Fate of the Marines Left Behind on Makin |publisher = Potomac Books |location = |isbn = 978-1-59797-055-6 }}

* {{en}} Young, Howard. "Carlson's Raiders on Makin, 17–18 August 1942", ''Marine Corps Gazette'' 87(8): August 31, 2003.

== Pranala Luarluar ==

* {{en}} {{cite web |last = Crowl |first = Philip A. |authorlink = |author2=Edmund G. Love |date = |year = 1955 |month = |url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Gilberts/index.html |title = Seizure of the Gilberts and Marshalls |work = United States Army in World War II - The War in the Pacific |pages = 60–66 |publisher = [[Office of the Chief of Military History]], Department of the Army |accessdate = January 23, 2007 }} - Briefly describes the Makin Raid and its impact on future U.S. operations in the Gilbert Islands.

* {{en}} {{cite web |last = Hoffman |first = Jon T. |authorlink = |date = |year = 1995 |month = |url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003130-00/sec4.htm |title = Makin |format = brochure |work = FROM MAKIN TO BOUGAINVILLE: Marine Raiders in the Pacific War |pages = |publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center |language = |accessdate = 2006-11-21 }}

* {{en}} {{cite web |last = Nishida |first = Hiroshi |authorlink = |url = http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/px40.htm#v002 |title = Imperial Japanese Navy: Abe, Koso |format = |work = |accessdate = 2008-08-25 |archive-date = 2012-07-10 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20120710131929/http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/px40.htm%23v007#v002 |dead-url = yes }}

* {{en}} {{cite web |last = Whitman |first = Edward C. |authorlink = |date = |year = |month = |url = http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_10/submarine_commandos.html |title = SUBMARINE COMMANDOS: "Carlson's Raiders" at Makin Atoll |work = Undersea Warfare |pages = |publisher = [[United States Navy]], Chief of Naval Operations, Submarine Warfare Division |language = |accessdate = 2006-11-21 |archive-date = 2006-12-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061207083134/http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_10/submarine_commandos.html |dead-url = yes }}

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