Shabbos goy: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''''Shabbos goy''''', '''''Shabbat goy''''' atau '''''Shabbes goy''''' ([[bahasa Yiddish|Yiddish]]: שבת גוי, ''shabbos goy'' [[IbraniBahasa ModernIbrani|Ibrani]]: גוי של שבת ''goy shel shabat'') adalah orang [[non-Yahudi]] yang melakukan jenis-jenis pekerjaan tertentu (''[[kegiatan yang dilarang pada hari Shabbat|melakha]]'') yang menurut hukum agama Yahudi (''[[halakha]]'') dilarang untuk dilakukan Yahudi pada hari [[Shabbat|SabbathSabat]]. Frase tersebut merupakan sebuah kombinasi dari kata "Shabbos" (שבת) yang artinya [[Shabbat|Sabbath]]Sabat, dan ''[[goy]]'', yang artinya "bangsa" namun juga dapat berarti "non-Yahudi" (dalam [[Ibrani Biblikal]] "goy" artinya "bangsa", namun dalam [[Ibrani Mishnaik]] digunakan dalam artian "non-nasional", seperti "non-Yahudi"). Kata goy sering dipandang sebagai istilah kasar terhadap non-Yahudi.

Yudaisme melarang Yahudi melakukan jenis-jenis pekerjaan tertentu (yang dikenal sebagai ''melakha'') pada hari SabbathSabat. Dengan mengikuti panduan tertentu (lihat [[Shulkhan Arukh]]), non-Yahudi dapat melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan tertentu yang bermanfaat bagi Yahudi namun tidak boleh dilakukan oleh Yahudi pada hari SabbathSabat. Terdapat sejumlah pembatasan<ref>"The Myth of the Shabbos Goy", [http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1140867/jewish/The-Myth-of-the-Shabbos-Goy.htm "The Myth of the Shabbos Goy"]</ref> dan jenis pekerjaan tertentu yang dilarang, seperti pekerjaan pembangunanmembangun.<ref>"May One Allow a Non-Jewish Contractor to Build on Shabbat?" [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1604] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109120347/http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1604 |date=2017-11-09 }}</ref>

"Shabbat goy" tidak dibutuhkan saatjika nyawa seseorang hidupnyasedang tercukupiterancam ([[pikuach nefesh]]). Para dokter Yahudi harus bekerja dipada hari SabbathSabat jika pekerjaanjasa mereka dibutuhkan untuk menyelamatkan nyawa.

Pada abad ke-20, [[Colin Powell]], [[Mario Cuomo]], [[Martin Scorsese]], [[Floyd B. Olson]], [[Harry Truman]], dan [[Elvis Presley]] remaja membantu tetangga Yahudi mereka dengan cara ini.<ref>"Former Secretary of State Gen. Colin Powell and Mario Cuomo, former governor of New York State, each a former Shabbos goy, both share fond recollections of their youth, when they were uniquely qualified to lend a Jewish neighbor a hand." Fertig, Avi. [https://archive.istoday/20070701152800/http://www.jewishpress.com/print.do/26175/Glatt_Kosher_Adventure_To_The_Land_Down_Under.html "Glatt Kosher Adventure To The Land Down Under"], ''[[The Jewish Press]]'', November 21, 2007.</ref><ref>"...[R]eaders follow General Powell all the way back from Gulf War strategist to South Bronx Shabbos goy, the lad who earned a quarter on Friday nights turning on and off the synagogue lights for Orthodox Jews." Clines, Francis X. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E1DF1539F932A35753C1A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all "The Co-Author of Gen. Powell's Book Is Given a Part as the Story Goes On"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 1, 1995.</ref><ref>Chan, Sewell, [http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/25/white-ethnic-politics-irish-and-italian-catholics-and-jews-oh-my/?scp=1-b&sq=White+Ethnic+Politics%3A+I+&st=nyt "White Ethnic Politics: Irish and Italian Catholics and Jews, Oh, My!"], ''The New York Times,'' October 25, 2007</ref><ref>Sources give two different people for whom Elvis was a Shabbos goy. In [http://faculty.tamu-commerce.edu/droyal/Steve%20Stern%20Interview.pdf Tugging at Jewish Weeds: An Interview with Steve Stern]{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} it was the Dubrovner family; to [[Alfred J. Kolatch]], in his ''Inside Judaism: The Concepts, Customs, and Celebrations of the Jewish People'' (Pub. Jonathan David, 2006), p. 480, citing a secondary source, it is Rabbi Alfred Fruchter who is helped.</ref>

* Katz, Jacob (trans. Yoel Lerner). [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=HwCSm1GrnyF1CDFJCYZJ3yZJJTb65GtLyS9kqGqJlyL1CmLyTFh5!867149249?a=o&d=1445473# The "Shabbes Goy": A Study in Halakhic Flexibility], [[Jewish Publication Society]], Philadelphia/Jerusalem, 1989. {{deadlinkWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628225729/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=HwCSm1GrnyF1CDFJCYZJ3yZJJTb65GtLyS9kqGqJlyL1CmLyTFh5!867149249?a=o&d=1445473 |date=July2011-06-28 2013}}