Toussaint Louverture: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) k →top: minor cosmetic change |
Reformat 1 URL (Wayback Medic 2.5)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
(9 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 7:
|nationality =
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1803|4|7|1743|5|20}}
|death_place = [[Fort-de-Joux]],
|other_names = Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda
|movement = [[Revolusi Haiti]]
|religion = [[Katolik Roma]]
|module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
|allegiance = {{flag|
|branch = [[Angkatan Darat
|service years = 1791–1803
|rank = [[Jenderal]]
Baris 19:
}}
}}
'''François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture''' ({{IPA-fr|fʁɑ̃swa dɔminik tusɛ̃ luvɛʁtyʁ}}; 20 Mei 1743 – 7 April 1803), juga dikenal dengan nama '''Toussaint L'Ouverture''', '''Toussaint-Louverture''', '''Toussaint Bréda''', dan dijuluki "Napoléon Noir" (''Napoleon Hitam''),<ref>[http://www.historywiz.com/toussaint.htm ''The Slave Who Defeated Napoleon''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725084524/http://www.historywiz.com/toussaint.htm |date=2017-07-25 }} from ''[[History Wiz]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYJfurSt3j0C&pg=PA95 |title=Martini |author=Taylor, David |page=95 |year=2002 |isbn=1930603037}}</ref> adalah pemimpin [[Revolusi Haiti]]. Bakat militer dan politiknya berhasil mengubah masyarakat budak [[Saint-Domingue]] menjadi negara [[Haiti]] yang merdeka.<ref>Bell, hlm.3–4</ref> Keberhasilan Revolusi Haiti
Toussaint Louverture memulai karier militernya sebagai pemimpin pemberontakan budak pada tahun 1791 di koloni
Pada tahun 1801, ia merumuskan konstitusi untuk Saint-Domingue, dan ia menjadi gubernur seumur hidup. Pada tahun 1802, ia dipaksa mundur oleh pasukan yang dikirim oleh [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] untuk mengembalikan kekuasaan
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 30:
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/beard63/beard63.html Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography and Autobiography by J. R. Beard, 1863]
* [http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43a/104.html A section of Bob Corbett's on-line course on the history of Haïti that deals with Toussaint's rise to power.]
* [http://www.thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Main_Page The Louverture Project]
* {{IMDb title|id=0785063|title=Toussaint}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/egaliteforall/ "Égalité for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005225710/http://www.pbs.org/egaliteforall/ |date=2009-10-05 }}. Noland Walker. [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] documentary. 2009.
* [http://www.newberry.org/collections/FindingAids/spencernapoleonica/SpencerNapoleonica.html Spencer Napoleonica Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205060758/http://www.newberry.org/collections/FindingAids/spencernapoleonica/SpencerNapoleonica.html |date=2012-12-05 }} at [[Newberry Library]]
* ''[http://www.wirelesstheatrecompany.co.uk/index.php/component/jotloader?Itemid=15&cid=2&id=164 Black Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603115739/http://www.wirelesstheatrecompany.co.uk/index.php/component/jotloader?Itemid=15&cid=2&id=164 |date=2013-06-03 }}'' by Anthony Maddalena (Thee Black Swan Theatre Company); a radio play in four parts which tells the story of Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Haitian Slave Uprising of 1791–1803
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/foot-paul/1991/07/toussaint.html Paul Foot] on Toussaint Louverture (lecture from 1991)
* {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Toussaint, Dominique François|year=1889 |short=x |notaref=x}}
* Elliott, Charles Wyllys. ''St. Domingo, its revolution and its hero, Toussaint Louverture'', New York, J. A. Dix, 1855. [http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13048 Manioc]
{{bio-stub}}▼
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toussaint LOuverture}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1743]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 1803]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Haiti]]
|