Daftar hitam Hollywood: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
Reformat 1 URL (Wayback Medic 2.5)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
| (9 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{About|daftar hitam politik pada 1940an dan 1950an|film dokumenter pendek 1950 tentang ini|The Hollywood Ten|survei permainan latar yang belum diproduksi|Black List (survei)}}
'''Daftar hitam Hollywood'''—atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai '''daftar hitam industri hiburan'''—adalah praktek penolakan pekerjaan terhadap para penulis latar, aktor, sutradara, musisi, dan anggota profesional dunia hiburan Amerika lainnya pada pertengahan abad ke-20 karena mereka dituduh simpatisan atau berhubungan dengan [[Komunis]]. Para artisditarik dari pekerjaannya atas dasar tuduhan keanggotaan mereka dalam atau bersimpati dengan [[Partai Komunis AS]] atau menolak untuk ikut penyelidikan dalam aktivitas partai tersebut. Bahkan pada masa penegakan terkuatnya, akhir 1940an sampai akhir 1950an, [[daftar hitam]]-nya terkadang eksplisit atau terverifiabel, namun langsung menghancurkan
Daftar hitam Hollywood sistematis pertama dilembagakan pada 24 November 1947, sehari setelah sepuluh penulis dan sutradara dikutip [[kontem Kongres]] karena menolak pentestifikasian untuk [[House Un-American Activities Committee]]. Sekelompok eksekutif studio, yang bertindak di bawah naungan [[MPAA|Motion Picture Association of America]], membela artis-artis tersebut—yang disebut [[Hollywood Ten]]—dan menjadi dikenal sebagai [[Pernyataan Waldorf]].
Baris 14 ⟶ 13:
=== Hollywood Ten ===
Berikut ini adalah sepuluh orang yang dikutip kontem Kongres dan dimasukkan daftar hitam setelah menolak menjawab pertanyaan tentang tuduhan keterlibatan mereka dengan Partai Komunis:<ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood Ten|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269472/Hollywood-Ten|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[Alvah Bessie]], penulis latar
Baris 251 ⟶ 250:
* [[Danny Dare]], koreografer<ref>Boyer (1996); Cogley (1956), p. 124.</ref>{{Ref_label|F|f|none}}
* [[Jules Dassin]], sutradara<ref>Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 105.</ref>
* [[Ossie Davis]], aktor<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://capitolwords.org/date/2005/02/09/H472_honoring-the-life-and-accomplishments-of-the-late-/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-01-09 |archive-date=2013-04-14 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414131517/http://capitolwords.org/date/2005/02/09/H472_honoring-the-life-and-accomplishments-of-the-late-/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* [[Ruby Dee]], aktris<ref>http://brbl-archive.library.yale.edu/exhibitions/cvvpw/gallery/dee1.html</ref>
* [[Dolores del Río]], aktris<ref>Ramón (1997), p. 44.</ref>
Baris 389 ⟶ 388:
'''Daftar pustaka'''
{{Refbegin|2}}
* Anderson, John (2007). "Old Hollywood", ''Village Voice'', November 20 (available [http://www.villagevoice.com/film/0747,anderson,78397,20.html online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225329/http://www.villagevoice.com/film/0747,anderson,78397,20.html |date=2008-06-23 }}).
* Andrew, Geoff (2005). "''On the Waterfront''", in ''Time Out Film Guide'', 14th ed., ed. John Pym. London: Time Out. ISBN 1-904978-48-7
* Barnouw, Erik (1990 [1975]). ''Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American Television''. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506483-6
Baris 471 ⟶ 470:
* Murray, Lawrence L. (1975). "Monsters, Spys, and Subversives: The Film Industry Responds to the Cold War, 1945–1955", ''Jump Cut'' 9 (available [http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC09folder/ColdWarFilms.html online]).
* Nizer, Louis. (1966). The Jury Returns. New York: Doubleday & Co. ISBN 978-0-671-12505-9
* "Seven-Year Justice", ''Time'', July 6, 1962 (available [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940029,00.html online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504194218/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940029,00.html |date=2009-05-04 }}).
* Vaughn, Robert. (2004). Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting, 2nd ed. New York: Proscenium/Limelight Editions. (Originally published New York: Putnam, 1972).ISBN 978-0-87910-081-0
Baris 479 ⟶ 478:
* [http://ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/mccarthy-era-blacklist-victims,-peace-groups,-academics,-and-media-file-amic "McCarthy Era Blacklist Victims, Peace Groups, Academics, and Media File Amicus Briefs in CCR Case"] news release focused on 2009 brief filed by former blacklistees including [[Irwin Corey]] in ''[[Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project]]'' Supreme Court free speech case
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071015082054/http://twcnet.edu/cschutz/history-page/Consensus/Reagan-huac-testimony.html Ronald Reagan's HUAC Testimony] transcript of the actor's testimony of October 23, 1947 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20041124000508/http://www.twcnet.edu/cschutz/history-page/Consensus/Reagan-huac-testimony.html Archived version of Nov. 2004])
* [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec97/blacklist_10-24.html "Seeing Red"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060803135428/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec97/blacklist_10-24.html |date=2006-08-03 }} transcript of excerpts from PBS documentary ''The Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist'' and interview by ''[[The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer|NewsHour]]'' correspondent Elizabeth Farnsworth with two blacklisted artists, writer/producer [[Paul Jarrico]] and actress [[Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917)|Marsha Hunt]]
* [https://archive.org/details/FBI-Communist-Infiltration-Motion-Picture-Industry FBI Documents on Communist Infiltration- Motion Picture Industry (COMPIC)]
* [http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz000905wx&title=%20Hollywood%20Blacklist Hollywood Blacklist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127032924/http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198%2Fzz000905wx&title=%20Hollywood%20Blacklist |date=2016-01-27 }}, series of interviews and transcripts (many online) from Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Daftar Hitam Hollywood}}
| |||