Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox Olympic games|2020|Musim Panas|Olimpiade|

|image = 2020 Summer Olympics logo new.svg

|host_city = [[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]]

|nations = 205

|events = 339 di 33 [[:en:Olympic sport|olahraga]] (50 disiplin)

|motto = {{Plainlist|

}}

 

 

Tokyo kembali terpilih sebagai kota tuan rumah dalam sidang [[IOC]] ke-125 di [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]], pada tanggal 7 September 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tokyo to Host 2020 Olympics|url=http://www.bangalorean.co.in/2013/09/tokyo-to-host-2020-olympics.html|accessdate=7 September 2013|newspaper=Bangalorean}}</ref> Ini merupakan ajang Olimpiade yang kedua kalinya diselenggarakan di Tokyo, setelah pertama kali dilaksanakan pada tahun [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1964|1964]]. Kota-kota kandidat penyelenggara Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020 lainnya adalah [[Madrid]], [[Spanyol]], dan [[Istanbul]], [[Turki]]. Kedua kota ini memperoleh jumlah suara sama pada seleksi babak pertama; namun Madrid tereliminasi pada babak penentuan.

== Proses penawaran ==

{{Further|Penawaran untuk Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020}}

 

=== Pemilihan kota tuan rumah ===

| '''Nama NOC'''

| style="background:silver;"|'''Putaran 1'''

| style="background:silver;"|'''Putaran 2'''

|-

Pada Januari 2020, muncul kekhawatiran tentang potensi dampak [[pandemi Covid-19]] pada atlet dan pengunjung Olimpiade.<ref name=":10">{{cite news |last=Swift |first=Rocky |title=Coronavirus spotlights Japan contagion risks as Olympics loom |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-2020-china-virus/coronavirus-spotlights-japan-contagion-risks-as-olympics-loom-idUSKBN1ZM0YJ |access-date=23 January 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124225619/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-2020-china-virus/coronavirus-spotlights-japan-contagion-risks-as-olympics-loom-idUSKBN1ZM0YJ |archive-date=24 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Penyelenggara Tokyo bersikeras mereka memantau penyebaran penyakit untuk meminimalkan dampaknya pada persiapan Olimpiade.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/01/tokyo-2020-organisers-fight-false-rumours-olympics-cancelled-over-coronavirus-crisis |title=Tokyo 2020 organisers fight false rumours Olympics cancelled over coronavirus crisis |first=Justin |last=McCurry |date=1 February 2020 |work=The Guardian |access-date=20 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419143926/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/01/tokyo-2020-organisers-fight-false-rumours-olympics-cancelled-over-coronavirus-crisis |archive-date=19 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> IOC menyatakan bahwa pada tahun 2020, mitra Jepang mereka dan Perdana Menteri [[Shinzo Abe]] "menjelaskan bahwa Jepang tidak dapat mengatur penundaan paling lambat musim panas mendatang [2021]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2021 |title=Frequently Asked Questions about the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 - Olympic News |url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc/tokyo-2020-q-a |access-date=6 June 2021 |website=International Olympic Committee}}</ref> Berbeda dengan [[Virus Zika|kasus virus Zika]] selama [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2016]] di Rio de Janeiro, [[Koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2|SARS-CoV-2]] dapat ditularkan langsung antar manusia, memberikan tantangan yang lebih berat bagi penyelenggara untuk melawan penyakit menular dan menyelenggarakan acara yang aman dan terjamin.<ref name=":10"/> Juga tidak seperti [[Pandemi flu 2009|kasus "flu babi" H1N1]] selama [[Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2010]] di Vancouver, COVID-19 memiliki tingkat kematian yang lebih tinggi, dan ada tidak ada [[vaksin Covid-19|vaksin efektif]] hingga Desember 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/tokyo-2020-olympics-postponed-over-coronavirus-concerns-n1165046 |title=Tokyo 2020 Olympics postponed over coronavirus concerns |first1=Ahiza |last1=García-Hodges |first2=Yuliya |last2=Talmazan |first3=Arata |last3=Yamamoto |date=24 March 2020 |website=[[NBCNews.com]] |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> Dalam wawancara Februari 2020, [[Pemilihan walikota London 2020|kandidat walikota London]] [[Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)|Konservatif]] [[Shaun Bailey (Politisi London)|Shaun Bailey]] berpendapat bahwa London akan dapat menjadi tuan rumah Olimpiade di bekas [[Tempat Penyelenggaraan Olimpiade dan Paralimpiade Musim Panas 2012|tempat Olimpiade 2012]] jika Olimpiade perlu dipindahkan karena pandemi COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cityam.com/exclusive-bailey-calls-for-london-to-host-olympics-if-coronavirus-forces-move/ |title=Exclusive: Bailey calls for London to host Olympics if coronavirus forces Tokyo move |last=Silvester |first=Andy |date=18 February 2020 |newspaper=[[City A.M.]] |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219125316/https://www.cityam.com/exclusive-bailey-calls-for-london-to-host-olympics-if-coronavirus-forces-move/ |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gubernur Tokyo]] [[Yuriko Koike]] mengkritik komentar Bailey sebagai tidak pantas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tokyo Governor Criticizes Suggestion That London Could Host 2020 Olympics |work=The New York Times |first=Antoni |last=Slodkowski |agency=Reuters |date=21 February 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/02/21/sports/olympics/21reuters-china-health-tokyo-governor.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221101356/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/02/21/sports/olympics/21reuters-china-health-tokyo-governor.html |archive-date=21 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pada awal tahun 2021, pejabat di negara bagian [[Florida]] AS menawarkan untuk menjadi tuan rumah Olimpiade yang tertunda di negara bagian mereka, sementara [[John Coates (administrator olahraga)|John Coates]], wakil presiden IOC yang bertanggung jawab atas Olimpiade Tokyo, mengatakan Olimpiade akan tetap dibuka meskipun kota dan bagian lain Jepang berada dalam keadaan darurat karena COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florida offers to host Olympics if Tokyo backs out: state official |url=https://japantoday.com/category/sports/florida-offers-to-host-olympics-if-tokyo-backs-out-state-official |access-date=27 January 2021 |website=Japan Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Olympics Will Be Held Even If Japan Emergency Continues, IOC Official Insists |url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/tokyo-olympics-japan-will-be-held-state-of-emergency-ioc-1234762448/ |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=Deadline |date=22 May 2021}}</ref>

 

 

== Perkembangan dan persiapan ==

Sebanyak 339 nomor dari 33 bidang olahraga (meliputi 50 cabang olahraga) akan dipertandingkan. Lima cabang baru yang dipertandingkan yaitu [[bisbol]]/[[sofbol]], [[karate]], [[panjat tebing]], [[selancar]], dan [[seluncur papan]].

 

* Akuatik

** {{GamesSport|Loncat indah|Events=8|Format=d}}

** {{GamesSport|Renang|Events=35|Format=d}}

** {{GamesSport|Renang indah|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Anggar|Events=12|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Angkat besi|Events=14|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Atletik|Events=48|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Balap sepeda|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Berkuda|Format=d}}

** Tunggang serasi <small>(2)</small>

* Bisbol

** {{GamesSport|Bisbol|Events=1|Format=d}}

** {{GamesSport|Sofbol|Events=1|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Bola basket|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Bola tangan|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Bola voli|Format=d}}

** Voli pantai <small>(2)</small>

* {{GamesSport|Bulu tangkis|Events=5|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Dayung|Events=14|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Golf|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Gulat|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Hoki lapangan|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Judo|Events=15|Format=d}}

** Kata <small>(2)</small>

** Kumite <small>(6)</small>

* {{GamesSport|Menembak|Events=15|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Panahan|Events=5|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Pancalomba modern|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Panjat tebing|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Rugbi tujuh|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Senam|Format=d}}

** Artistik <small>(14)</small>

** Trampolin <small>(2)</small>

* {{GamesSport|Sepak bola|Events=2|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Taekwondo|Events=8|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Tenis|Events=5|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Tinju|Events=13|Format=d}}

* {{GamesSport|Trilomba|Events=3|Format=d}}

 

=== Partisipasi Komite Olimpiade Nasional ===

* [[File:Olympic flag.svg|22px]] [[Tim Olimpiade Pengungsi IOC pada Olimpiade Musim Panas|Tim Olimpiade Pengungsi]] (29)

* {{flagIOC|CGO|Musim Panas 2020|3}}

* {{flagIOC|ROU|Musim Panas 2020|101}}

* {{flagIOC|RWA|Musim Panas 2020|6}}