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Daftar permaisuri Romawi dan Bizantium: Perbedaan antara revisi

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←Membuat halaman berisi 'thumb|310px|[[Livia ({{reign}}27 BC – AD 14), sebagai istri dari Augustus, adalah permaisuri pertama dan yang paling lama menjabat.]] '''Permaisuri Romawi''' adalah permaisuri kaisar Romawi, penguasa Kekaisaran Romawi. Tugas, kekuasaan, dan pengaruh permaisuri bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu tergantung pada periode waktu, politik kontemporer, dan kepribadian suami serta di...'
Tag: tidak menyebut judul [ * ]
 
Glorious Engine (bicara | kontrib)
266.500 suntingan
 
(10 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 3:
 
Maharani yang memerintah dengan haknya sendiri, seperti [[Irene dari Athena|Irene]] dan [[Zōē Porphyrogénnētē]], terkadang mengadopsi gelar pria seperti ''basileus'' dan ''autokrator'' untuk menggambarkan kekuasaan mereka.{{Sfn|Garland|1999|pp=1–4}}
 
== Kepangeranan (27 SM – 284 M) ==
 
=== Dinasti Julio-Claudia (27 SM – 68 M) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Portrait head of the empress Livia at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens on 2 January 2020.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Livia|Livia Drusilla]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=60}}
|-
|[[File:Orestilla, wife of Caligula.png|frameless|100px]]
|  [[Livia Orestilla|Orestilla]]
| rowspan="3" |<ref name=Su>{{cite book |author=Suetonius |title=[[De vita Caesarum|De vita]] |chapter=Caligula|author-link=Suetonius |chapter-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#25}}</ref><br/><ref name=dio>{{cite book |author=Cassius Dio |chapter-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html |title=Historia|chapter=Book 59|author-link=Dio Cassius}}</ref><br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=79}}
|-
|[[File:Paulina, wife of Caligula.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Lollia Paulina]]
|-
|[[File:Caesaraea Paneas. Caesonia.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Milonia Caesonia]]
|-
|[[File:Messalinaandbritannicus detail.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Messalina|Valeria Messalina]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=84–85}}
|-
|[[File:Rome Agrippina Minor.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Agrippina Muda]]<br/><small>''Julia Agrippina''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=86–87}}
|-
|[[File:Ritratto di claudia ottavia, da roma, via varese.JPG|frameless|100px]]
|[[Claudia Octavia]]
| rowspan="3" |{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=90–93}}
|-
|[[File:Portrait of Poppaea Sabina (cropped).jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Poppaea Sabina]]
|-
|[[File:Statilia Messalina crop.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Statilia Messalina]]
|}
 
=== Tahun Empat Kaisar (69) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Galeria Fundana, wife of Vitellius.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Galeria Fundana]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=100}}
|}
 
=== Dinasti Flavian (81–96) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Rome Domitia Longina.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Domitia Longina]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=112}}
|}
 
=== Dinasti Nerva–Antonine (98–192) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Head Roman woman Glyptothek Munich 405.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Pompeia Plotina]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=120}}
|-
|[[File:Vibia Sabina crop.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Vibia Sabina]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=125–126}}
|-
|[[File:0150 Altes Museum Empress Faustina the Elder anagoria.JPG|frameless|100px]]
|[[Faustina Tua]]<br /><small>''Annia Galeria Faustina''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=130}}
|-
|[[File:Faustine la Jeune 02.JPG|frameless|100px]]
|[[Faustina Muda]]<br /><small>''Annia Galeria Faustina''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=137}}
|-
|[[File:Lucilla crop.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Lucilla]]<br /><small>''Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=138}}
|-
|[[File:L'Image et le Pouvoir - Tête de Crispine 01.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Bruttia Crispina]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=144}}
|}
=== Tahun Lima Kaisar (193) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Flavia Titiana, wife of Pertinax.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Flavia Titiana]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=145}}<br />{{sfn|Birley|2005|p=174}}
|-
|[[File:Aureus of Manlia Scantilla (obverse).jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Manlia Scantilla]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=148}}
|}
 
=== Dinasti Severan (193–227) ===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Julia Domna crop.png|100px]]
|[[Julia Domna]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=152–153}}
|-
|[[File:PlautillaProvIgnota-MNRPalMassimo1 (cropped).JPG|frameless|100px]]
|[[Fulvia Plautilla|Publia Fulvia Plautilla]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=161}}
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Numia Celsa.png|frameless|100px]]
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Nonia Celsa]] (?)
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Diadumenianus*.html |title=[[Historia Augusta]] |chapter=Life of Diadumenianus |publisher=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |year=|last=|first=}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
|[[File:Julia Cornelia Paula - Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome 2016.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Julia Cornelia Paula]]
| rowspan="3" |{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=166–167}}
|-
|[[File:Aquilia Severa coin obverse.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Aquilia Severa|Julia Aquilia Severa]]
|-
|[[File:CapitoliniBustoSeverianoPavonazzetto 02.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Annia Faustina]]<br/><small>''Annia Aurelia Faustina''</small>
|-
|[[File:Sallustia Orbiana Louvre Ma1054.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Sallustia Orbiana]]<br /><small>''Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=173}}
|}
 
=== Krisis Abad Ketiga (235–285) ===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:CaeciliaPaulina.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Caecilia Paulina]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{sfn|Vagi|2000|p=316}}
|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Fabia Orestilla.png|100px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Fabia Orestilla]] (?)
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{sfn|DIR|loc=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120207095441/http://www.roman-emperors.org/gordo1.htm Gordian I (238 A.D.)]}}
|-
|[[File:Sabinia Tranquillina Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN1572.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Tranquillina]]<br /><small>''Furia Sabinia Tranquillina''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=189}}
|-
|[[File:Otacilia Severa Musei Capitolini MC2765.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Marcia Otacilia Severa]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=192}}
|-
|[[File:Etruscilla crop.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Herennia Etruscilla]]<br /><small>''Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla''</small>
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=197}}
|-
|[[File:Cornelia Supera coin.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Cornelia Supera|Gaia Cornelia Supera]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=204}}
|-
|[[File:Salonina crop.png|frameless|147x147px]]
|[[Cornelia Salonina]]
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=212}}
|-
|[[File:Severina Ant.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Ulpia Severina]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 830}}<br />{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=227}}<br />{{sfn|Watson|1999|pp=109-115}}
|-
|[[File:Magnia Urbica (obverse).jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Magnia Urbica]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 983}}<br />{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=252–253}}
|-
|—
|''Nama tidak diketahui''
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=252–253}}
|}
 
== Dominasi (284–476) ==
 
=== Tetrarki (284–324) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |&nbsp;Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Empress Prisca.png|frameless|135x135px]]
|[[Prisca (permaisuri)|Prisca]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 726}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=260}}
|-
|[[File:MSR-ra-38-2-1-DM (cropped).jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Eutropia]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 316}}
|-
|[[File:Follis of Galeria Valeria - Cropped.jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Galeria Valeria]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 937|}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=275}}
|-
|[[File:Bronze-Flavia Maximiana Theodora-trier RIC 65 (obverse).jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Flavia Maximiana Theodora]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 937}}
|-
|[[File:MSR-ra-127-1-DM (cropped).jpg|frameless|100px]]
|[[Valeria Maximilla]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 576}}
|-
|—
|''Tidak diketahui''
|{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=277}}
|-
|[[File:Coin of Flavia Julia Constantia (obverse).jpg|frameless|104x104px]]
|[[Flavia Julia Constantia]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 221}}
|}
 
=== Dinasti Constantinian (306–363) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Minervina, wife of Constantine I.png|frameless|100px]]
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Minervina]]
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 602–603}}
|-
|[[File:P1070865 Louvre tête de Fausta Ma4881 rwk.JPG|frameless|100px]]
|[[Fausta]]<br/><small>''Flavia Maxima Fausta''</small>
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 325–326}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=292}}
|-
|—
|''Nama tidak diketahui''
|{{Sfn|Vanderspoel|2020|pp=42–43}}
|-
|—
|''[[Putri Julius Constantius|Nama tidak diketahui]]''
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 226}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=302}}
|-
|[[File:Eusebia, wife of Constantius II.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Eusebia (permaisuri)|Eusebia]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 300–301}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=302}}
|-
|—
|[[Faustina (istri Konstantius II)|Faustina]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 326}}
|-
|—
|[[Justina (permaisuri)|Justina]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 488–490}}<br />{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=305, 314}}
|-
|[[File:Helena, wife of Julian, crop.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Helena (istri Julian)|Helena]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 409–410}}
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
|[[File:Charito, wife of Jovian.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Charito]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 201}}
|}
 
=== Dinasti Valentinianik (364–383) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="7%" |Potret
! width="16%" |Nama
! width="3%" |Ref
|-
|[[File:Severa, wife of Valentinian I.png|frameless|136x136px]]
|[[Marina Severa]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 828}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=314}}
|-
|—
|[[Justina (permaisuri)|Justina]]<br/><small>(''kedua kali'')</small>
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 488–490}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|pp=305, 314}}
|-
|—
|&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Domnica]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, pp. 265, 690}}<br/>{{sfn|Kienast|Eck|Heil|p=317}}
|-
|[[File:Flavia Maxima Constantia, wife of Gratian.png|frameless|100px]]
|[[Konstantia (istri Gratianus)|Konstantia]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 221}}
|-
|—
|[[Laeta]]
|{{sfn|PLRE|loc=Vol 1, p. 492}}
|}
 
== Referensi ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Daftar_permaisuri_Romawi_dan_Bizantium"