Seni rupa Maria dalam Gereja Katolik: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

Sang Perawan Suci maria adalah salah satu dari tema-tema penting dalam Kesenian Kristiani, Kesenian agama Katolik Roma dan Kesenian Dunia Barat selama berabad-abad. Ratusan ribu '''seni rupa Bunda Maria dalam agama Katolik Roma''' yang membahas berbagai tema seni Bunda Maria telah dibuat, mulai dari para maestro seperti [[Michelangelo]] dan [[Botticelli]] hingga seniman-seniman kecil di pedesaan.<ref>Timothy Verdon, 2006, ''Mary in Western Art'' ISBN 978-0-9712981-9-4</ref>

 

 

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{{RC-Mariology}}

==The diversity of Marian art==

Roman Catholic Marian art has expressed a wide range of theological topics that relate to Mary, often in ways that are far from obvious, and whose meaning can only be recovered by detailed scholarly analysis. Entire books have been written on topics such as [[Our Lady of Sorrows]], [[Black Madonna of Częstochowa]], [[Golden Madonna of Essen]], [[Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos]], [[Madonna della Misericordia (painting)| Virgin of Mercy]], [[Virgin of Ocotlán]], [[Madonna and Child with Flowers]], the [[Hortus conclusus]], or the ''significance of fountains in Marian art'' and their doctrinal implications.<ref>University of Dayton http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/resources/aoeu.htm</ref><ref>University of Dayron http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/resources/themeaning.htm</ref>

 

A number of Madonna paintings and statues have gathered a following as important religious icons and noteworthy works of art in various regions of the world.

 

 

Some Madonnas become the subject of widespread devotion, and the Marian shrines dedicated to them attract millions of pilgrims per year. An example is [[Our Lady of Aparecida]] in Brazil, whose shrine is surpassed in size only by [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] in [[Vatican City]], and receives more pilgrims per year than any other [[Roman Catholic Marian church]] in the world.

:* The [[Virgin of Ocotlán]] is a statue of the Virgin Mary in [[Ocotlán]], [[Tlaxcala]], Mexico.

 

 

=====Italy and Spain=====

:* [[Michelangelo]]'s statue of the Virgin Mary and a standing Jesus known as the [[Madonna of Bruges]] at the [[Church of Our Lady, Bruges]], [[Belgium]] shares some similarities with his [[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pieta]] which was completed sometime earlier.

 

 

===Mary in the Life of Christ===

Since a key Scriptural text pointed to in support of the doctrine was "[[Tota pulchra es]]...", "Thou art all fair, my love; there is no spot in thee", verse 4.7 from the [[Song of Solomon]],<ref>[http://193.8.230.138/etexts/www/Bible/Song_of_Solomon.html The whole text]</ref> a number of symbolic objects drawn from the imagery of the ''Song'', and often already associated with the Annunciation and the Perpetual Virginity, were combined in versions of the [[Hortus conclusus]] ("enclosed garden") subject. This gave a rather cluttered subject, and usually was impossible to combine with correct perspective, so never caught on outside Germany and the [[Low Countries]]. [[Piero di Cosimo]] was among those artists who tried new solutions, but none of these became generally adopted so that the subject would be immediately recognisable to the faithful.

The definitive iconography for the Immaculate Conception, drawing on the emblem tradition, seems to have been established by the master and then father-in-law of [[Diego Velázquez]], the painter and theorist [[Francisco Pacheco]] (1564-1644), to whom the Inquisition in [[Seville]] also contracted the approval of new images. He described his iconography in his ''Art of Painting'' (''Arte de la Pintura'', published posthumously in 1649):

 

However, although every year over five million pilgrims visit Lourdes and Guadalupe each, the volume of Roman Catholic art to accompany this enthusiasm has been essentially restricted to popular images. Hence although apparitions have resulted in the construction of very large Marian churches at [[Lourdes]] and [[Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe|Guadalupe]] they have not so far had a similar impact on Marian art.

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<gallery>

Berkas:Anunciación (Mariotto).jpg|Annunciation by [[Mariotto Albertinelli]], 15th century

Berkas:Eustache Le Sueur.jpg|Annunciation by [[Eustache Le Sueur]], 17th century

Berkas:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 023.jpg|Annunciation by [[Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo|Murillo]], 1655

Berkas:Fabrizio Boschi, annunciazione.jpg|Annunciation by [[Fabrizio Boschi]], 17th century

Berkas:Caravaggio - The Annunciation.JPG|Annunciation by [[Caravaggio]], 17th century

Berkas:Barthélemy d' Eyck 002.jpg|Annunciation by [[Barthélemy d'Eyck]], 1443

Berkas:Bayerischer Meister 001.jpg|Annunciation, German artist, 1500

Berkas:Sandro Botticelli 080.jpg|Annumciation by [[Botticelli]], 1490

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Domenico Ghirlandaio 001.jpg|Nativity by [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]] 1485

Berkas:Geertgen tot Sint Jans 002.jpg|Nativity, by [[Geertgen tot Sint Jans]], 1490

Berkas:Meister der Palastkapelle in Palermo 001.jpg|Nativity, with [[Salome (disciple)|Salome]] ([[Palermo]], c. 1150)

Berkas:La Nativite. detail .Louvre. Guido da Siena.jpg|Nativity, with Salome 13 century, by [[Guido da Siena]]

Berkas:Duccio di Buoninsegna 058.jpg|Nativity, with Salome (1308-1311) by [[Duccio]]

Berkas:Birthofchristwithangelsberruguete.png|Birth of Christ by [[Pedro Berruguete]], 15th century

Berkas:Paul Gauguin 061.jpg|Nativity [[Paul Gauguin|Gauguin]], 1896

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Raphael - Madonna dell Granduca.jpg|[[Madonna del Granduca]], [[Raphael]], 1505

Berkas:Sassoferrato - Jungfrun i bön.jpg|Virgin Mary by [[Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato|Sassoferrato]], 17th century

Berkas:Leonardo da Vinci Benois Madonna.jpg|[[Benois Madonna]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]], 1475

Berkas:Raffael 027.jpg|[[Madonna della tenda]] [[Rafael]], apx 1500

Berkas:Blackmadonna.jpeg|[[Black Madonna of Częstochowa]], Poland's holiest relic

Berkas:Madonna and Child (Filippo Lippi).jpg|''Madonna and Child'', [[Filippo Lippi]] 1440-45

Berkas:Dolorosa.jpg|Dolorosa, [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]], 1665

Berkas:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 020.jpg|''Madonna with the Rosary'', [[Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo|Murillo]], 1650

Berkas:Raffael 051.jpg|[[Sistine Madonna]], [[Raphael]], 1513

Berkas:Refugium peccatorum.jpg|[[Refuge of Sinners Madonna]], [[Luigi Crosio]], 1898

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Capela de Nª Srª da Saúde - Altar (2).JPG|Our Lady of Saúde, [[Portugal]]

Berkas:Goldene madonna-2.jpg|[[Golden Madonna of Essen]], [[Essen]], [[Germany]]

Berkas:Verge del Blau.JPG|Blue Madonna, [[Lleida]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]

Berkas:Pantheon-raphaels-tomb.jpg|Maddona on the tomb of [[Raphael]], [[Pantheon]], [[Rome]]

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Ellenrieder Maria 1824.jpg|Mary with Jesus, [[Marie Ellenrieder]], 1824

Berkas:Giotto - Scrovegni - -24- - Marriage at Cana.jpg|[[Marriage at Cana]]. [[Giotto]].

Berkas:Christus-und-Maria-1515.jpg|Christ and Mary, [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Cranach]], 1515

Berkas:Pietro lorenzetti, compianto (dettaglio) basilica inferiore di assisi (1310-1329).jpg|[[Pietro Lorenzetti]], 1310

Berkas:Michelangelo's Pieta 5450 cropncleaned.jpg|[[Michelangelo]]'s [[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]], 1498

</gallery>

 

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Inmaculada Concepcion (La Colosal).jpg|[[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]] Immaculate Conception, 1650

Berkas:La Inmaculada de Soult, 1678, Bartolomé E. Murillo.jpg|[[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]] Immaculate Conception, 1678

Berkas:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 021.jpg|[[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]] Immaculate Conception, 1660

Berkas:Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante. Inmaculada Concepción.jpg|[[Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante|Juan Antonio Escalante]] Immaculate Conception, 17th century

Berkas:Piero di Cosimo 057.jpg|[[Piero di Cosimo|di Cosimo]] Immaculate Conception, 1505

Berkas:Zurbaran - Inmaculada Concepcion.jpg|[[Francisco de Zurbarán|Zurbarán]] Immaculate Conception, 1630

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Duccio Maesta detail cro f f1.jpg|[[Duccio]] ''Dormition'' 1308-11

Berkas:Andrea Mantegna 047.jpg|[[Andrea Mantegna]] ''Dormition'' 1461

Berkas:Baroque_Rubens_Assumption-of-Virgin-3.jpg|[[Rubens]] Assumption, 1626

Berkas:Tizian 041.jpg|[[Titian]] Assumption, 1516

Berkas:Mateo Cerezo d. J. 002.jpg| [[Mateo Cerezo]] Assumption, 1650

Berkas:Guercino Assumption.jpg|[[Guercino]] Assumption, 1655

Berkas:Sir Pieter-Paul Rubens; Assumption of the Devine and Holy Virgin Mary.jpg|[[Rubens]] Assumption of the Virgin, 17th century

Berkas:Parma-cupola duomo.jpg|Assumption, [[Parma]] Cathedral

Berkas:Zeil Kirche Hochaltar Figuren Mittelgruppe.jpg|[[Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer|Joseph Feuchtmayer]], Assumption, 1763

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Peter Paul Rubens 079.jpg|''Crowning of the Virgin'' by [[Rubens]], 17th century

Berkas:Gaddi Agnolo Coronation.jpg|Coronation, [[Agnolo Gaddi]], 14th century

Berkas:Le Couronnement de la Vierge.jpg|[[Jean Fouquet]], Coronation of the Virgin, 15th century

Berkas:Fra Filippo Lippi 007.jpg|Coronation of the Virgin by [[Filippo Lippi]]|, 1441

</gallery>

 

<gallery>

Berkas:Virgin Giving Scapular.jpg|''Virgin Giving Scapular to [[Simon Stock|St. Simon]]'' by [[Pierre Puget]] 17th century

Berkas:Carracci Saint Hyacinth.jpg|''Apparition to St. [[Saint Hyacinth|Hyacinth]]'' by [[Lodovico Carracci]] 1594

</gallery>

 

[[Seni rupa dalam agama Katolik Roma]]

 

* Arnold Hauser, Mannerism: The Crisis of the Renaissance and the Origins of Modern Art, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965, ISBN 0-674-54815-9

 

 

 

 

* Myers, Bernard (1965, 1985). Landmarks of Western Art. Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-35840-2.

 

{{Reflist}}

 

 

 

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[[Kategori:Kesenian Katolik]]