Migrasi ke Xinjiang: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{periksa terjemahan|en|Migration to Xinjiang}}
'''Migrasi Xinjiang''' adalah sebuah gerakan orang-orang yang terjadi pada masa lalu dan masa kini, yang seringkalisering kali disponsori oleh berbagai negara yang menguasai wilayah tersebut, yang meliputi [[dinasti Han]], [[dinasti Qing]], [[Republik Tiongkok]], dan [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]].
 
== Latar belakang ==
[[Berkas:Xinjiang regions simplified.png|thumbjmpl|rightka|Dzungaria (Merah) dan Cekungan Tarim (Biru)]]
 
[[Berkas:Xinjiang regions.png|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|Xinjiang Utara (Cekungan Junggar) (Kuning), Xinjiang Timur- [[Depresi Turpan]] ([[Prefektur Turpan]] dan [[Prefektur Hami]]) (Merah), dan Cekungan Tarim (Biru)]]
 
[[Berkas:Altai, Tienschan-Orte.png|thumbjmpl|250px|leftkiri|Peta fisik yang menampilkan pemisahan Dzungaria dan Cekungan Tarim (Taklamakan) oleh Pegunungan Tien Shan]]
 
[[Xinjiang]] terdiri dari dua wilayah utama yang berbeda secara geografi, sejarah, dan etnis, [[Dzungaria]] di utara Pegunungan Tianshan dan [[Cekungan Tarim]] di selatan Pegunungan Tianshan, sebelum [[dinasti Qing|Qing Tiongkok]] menyatukannya dalam satu entitas politik yang bernama provinsi [[Xinjiang]] pada 1884. Pada masa penaklukan Qing pada 1759, Dzungaria ditinggali oleh para pemukim stepa, [[suku Dzungar]] [[Mongol Oriat]] [[Buddha Tibetan]] nomadik, sementara Cekungan Tarim ditinggali oleh pemukim oasis, para petani Muslim pemakai bahasa Turkic, yang sekarang dikenal sebagai [[suku Uighur]].
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Xinjiang Selatan di bawah Tianshan memiliki koloni-koloni militer yang didirikan oleh dinasti Han.<ref>{{cite book|author=S. Frederick Starr|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA243#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=15 March 2004|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3192-3|pages=243–}}</ref>
 
Para sejarawan nasionalis Uighur seperti [[Turghun Almas]] mengklaim bahwa Uighur terpisah dan merdeka dari Tiongkok selama 6000 tahun, dan bahwa seluruh orang non-Uighur adalah imigran non-pribumi di Xinjiang.<ref name="Bovingdon30">{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|pp=25, 30–31}}</ref> Namun, [[Dinasti Han]] (206 SM–220 M) mendirikan koloni militer ([[tuntian]]) dan pengkomandanan ([[duhufu]]) untuk menguasai Xinjiang dari 120 SM, sementara [[Dinasti Tang]] (618-907) juga mengusai sebagian besar wilayah Xinjiang sampai [[pemberontakan An Lushan]].<ref name="Bovingdon25">{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|pp=25–26}}</ref> Para sejarawan Tiongkok membantah klaim-klaim nasionalis Uighur dengan memberikan bukti sejarah 2000 tahun dari pemukiman Han di Xinjiang, mendokumentasikan sejarah [[Mongol di Tiongkok|Mongol]], [[orang Kazakh|Kazakh]], [[orang Uzbek|Uzbek]], [[orang Manchu|Manchu]], [[orang Hui|Hui]], [[orang Xibo|Xibo]] di Xinjiang, dan menyatakan tentang "migrasi kawasan barat" orang [[Huigu]] (dianggap sama dengan "Uighur" oleh pemerintah RRT) dari [[Mongolia]] pada abad ke-9.<ref name="Bovingdon30"/> Nama "Uighur" dikaitkan dengan sebuah suku Buddhis[[Buddhi]]s di [[Cekungan Tarim]] pada abad ke-9, namun secara keseluruhan menghilang pada abad ke-15, sampai dibangkitkan oleh [[Uni Soviet]] pada abad ke-20.<ref>{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|p=28}}</ref>
 
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