Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Perbedaan antara revisi

|l=tulisan lokalbahasa sehari-hari

'''''Pe̍h-oē-jī''''', (disingkat '''POJ''', arti harafiahharfiah ''tulisan bahasa sehari-hari'', juga dikenal sebagai '''ChurchRomanisasi RomanizationGereja''') adalah suatu cara menulis ([[ortografi]]) varian-varian dari dialek [[bahasa Hokkien]], khususnya [[Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan]] dan [[Bahasa Hokkien Amoy]].<ref name=Kloeter90>Klöter, ''Written Taiwanese'', p. 90.</ref> Dikembangkan oleh [[misionaris]] [[Gereja Presbiterian|Presbiterian]] yang bekerja di antara pendatang Tionghoa di [[Asia Tenggara]] pada abad ke-19<ref name=KloeterH1>Klöter, ''The History of Peh-oe-ji'', p. 1.</ref> dan disempurnakan oleh para misionaris yang bekerja di [[Xiamen]] dan [[Tainan]]. Sistem ini menggunakan modifikasi [[alfabet Latin]] dan beberapa [[diakritik]] untuk mewakili bahasa ucapan. Setelah awalnya sukses dipakai di [[Fujian]], POJ menjadi berkembang di [[Taiwan]], dan pada pertengahan abad ke-20 lebih dari 100.000 orang fasih dalam POJ. Cetakan dalam jumlah besar, baik keagamaan maupun sekuler, diproduksi dalam tulisan ini, termasuk surat kabar pertama di Taiwan, ''[[:en:Taiwan Church News|Taiwan Church News]]''. Nama yang dipakai oleh para misionaris pembuatnya adalah "Romanised [[Xiamen|Amoy]] Vernacular" and "Romanised Amoy Colloquial".<ref name=Kloeter90/> Asal usul sistem dan pemakaiannya yang luas dalam masyarakat [[Kristen]] dikenal penulis modern sebagai "Church Romanization" ({{zh|t=教會羅馬字|s=教会罗马字|p=Jiàohuì Luōmǎzì}}; Pe̍h-oē-jī: Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī); sering disingkat dalam sistem POJ sendiri sebagai "Kàu-lô" ({{zh|s=教罗|t=教羅|p=Jiàoluō}}).<ref name=Kloeter89>Klöter, ''Written Taiwanese'', p. 89.</ref>

Ortografi ini ditekan pemakaiannya selama penjajahan Jepang di Taiwan (1895–1945), dan sempat menghadapi larangan selama periode hukum perang [[Kuomintang]] (dari 1947–1987). Di Fujian, penggunaannya berkurang dengan berdirinya [[Republik Rakyat CinaTiongkok]] (1949) dan pada awal abad ke-21 sudah tidak banyak digunakan di sana. Penggunaan ''Pe̍h-oē-jī'' saat ini terbatas pada sejumlah orang [[Kristen]] di Taiwan, pelajar bahasa yang bukan pemakai asli, dan pemakai bahasa yang senang memakainya di Taiwan. Bantuan komputer penuh dikembangkan pada tahun 2004. Pemakai dapat menggunakan bentuk huruf ([[font]]), metode ketik ([[''input method]]'') dan kamus online yang ekstensif. Sistem penulisan lain juga dikembangkan dalam periode ini, sehingga muncul debat di dalam pengguna bahasa ibu di Taiwan, sistem mana yang harus dipakai. Versi lain ''pe̍h-ōe-jī'' dikembangkan juga untuk dialek lain, termasuk [[Bahasa Hakka language]] dan [[Bahasa Teochew]].

== Daftar Pustaka ==

* {{cite book|title=Taiwan Fangyan zhi Lü (A Journey Through Taiwanese Regional Speech)|author=Ang Ui-jin|year=1992|isbn=957-9512-31-0|publisher=Avanguard Publishing|location=Taipei|language=Chinese}}

* {{cite book|title=Barclay of Formosa|last=Band|first=Edward|publisher=Christian Literature Society|location=Ginza, Tokyo|year=1936|oclc=4386066}}

* {{cite book|chapter="Taiwanese don't have written words": Language ideologies and language practice in a Taipei County high school|last=Baran|first=Dominika|title=Conference Proceedings – 2004 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization|year=2004|volume=2|oclc=77082548}}

* {{cite book|last=Campbell|first=William|author-link=William Campbell (missionary)|title=A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular|isbn=957-8959-92-3|year=2006|origyear=1913|publisher=PCT Press|location=Tainan}}

* {{cite book|author=Chang Yu-hong|isbn=978-957-2053-07-1|title=Principles of POJ or the Taiwanese Orthography: An Introduction to Its Sound-Symbol Correspondences and Related Issues|publisher=Crane|location=Taipei|year=2001}}

* {{cite book|last=Chiung|first=Wi-vun Taiffalo|title=Language, Identity and Decolonization|year=2005|isbn=957-8845-85-5|publisher=National Cheng Kung University|location=Tainan}}

* {{cite book|last=Chiung|first=Wi-vun Taiffalo|title=Language, Literature and Reimagined Taiwanese Nation|year=2007|isbn=978-986-00-9746-7|publisher=National Cheng Kung University|location=Tainan}}

* {{cite book|title=The Segmental Phonology of Southern Min in Taiwan|author=Chung Raung-fu|publisher=Spoken Language Services|location=Taipei|year=1996|isbn=957-9463-46-8}}

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* {{cite book|last=Doty|first=Elihu|author-link=Elihu Doty|title=Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect|year=1853|publisher=Samuel Wells Williams|location=Guangzhou|oclc=20605114}}

* {{cite book|last=Douglas|first=Carstairs|author-link=Carstairs Douglas|last2=Barclay|first2=Thomas|author2-link=Thomas Barclay (missionary)|title=Chinese–English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy|origyear=1923|isbn=957-9482-32-2|year=1990|publisher=Southern Materials Center|location=Taipei}}

* {{cite book|title=A Dictionary of Southern Min|last=Embree|first=Bernard L.M.|year=1973|oclc=2491446}}

* {{cite book|title=Authentic Chinese Christianity, Preludes to Its Development: Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries|last=Heylen|first=Ann|chapter=Romanizing Taiwanese: Codification and Standardization of Dictionaries in Southern Min (1837–1923)|isbn=978-9058671028|publisher=Leuven University Press|location=Leuven|year=2001|editor=Ku Weit Ying|editor2-last=De Ridder|editor2-first=Koen}}

* {{cite web|title=台灣福佬話非漢字拼音符號的回顧與分析 (Comparison and Analysis of non-Character Transcription Systems for Taiwanese Holo)|author=Iûⁿ Ún-giân; Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam|url=http://ws.twl.ncku.edu.tw/hak-chia/i/iunn-ungian/hui-hanji-phengim.htm|publisher=[[National Cheng Kung University]]|location=Tainan|year=1999|accessdate=2009-12-17|language=Chinese}} {{Dead link|archive-date=November 20102001-04-26|botarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010426234910/http://ws.twl.ncku.edu.tw/hak-chia/i/iunn-ungian/hui-hanji-phengim.htm|dead-url=H3llBotyes}}

* {{cite book|title=Processing Techniques for Written Taiwanese – Tone Sandhi and POS Tagging (Doctoral dissertation)|year=2009|publisher=National Taiwan University|author=Iûⁿ Ún-giân|oclc=367595113}}

* {{cite book|author=Kì Bō͘-hô|title=台語教會羅馬字講義 (Notes on Taiwanese Church Romanization)|publisher=PCT Press|location=Tainan|isbn=978-986-6947-34-6|year=2008}}

* {{cite book|last=Klöter|first=Henning|chapter=The History of Peh-oe-ji|title=''2002台灣羅馬字教學KAP研究國際學術研討會論文集'' (Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization Research)|publisher=Taiwanese Romanization Association|location=Taipei|year=2002}}

* {{cite book|last=Klöter|first=Henning|title=Written Taiwanese|year=2005|isbn=3-447-05093-4|publisher=Harrassowitz|location=Wiesbaden}}

* {{cite journal|last=Lin|first=Alvin|issue=89|title=Writing Taiwanese: The Development of Modern Written Taiwanese|journal=Sino-Platonic Papers|url=http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp089_taiwanese.pdf|year=1999|OCLC=41879041}}

* {{cite book|last=Macgowan|first=John|year=1869|title=A Manual of the Amoy Colloquial|publisher=de Souza & Co.|location=Hong Kong|oclc= 23927767}}

* {{cite book|title=Taiwanese: Book 1|author=Maryknoll Fathers|location=Taichung|publisher=Maryknoll|year=1984|oclc=44137703}}

* {{cite book|last=Medhurst|first=Walter Henry|author-link=Walter Henry Medhurst|title=Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms|year=1832|publisher=East India Press|location=Macau|oclc=5314739}}

* {{cite book|title=Chinese|url=https://archive.org/details/chinese0000norm|last=Norman|first=Jerry|year=1998|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-29653-6}}

* {{cite book|title=Taiwanyu Yanjiu Juan|year=2002|isbn=957-801-354-X|publisher=Avanguard Publishing|location=Taipei|author=Ong Iok-tek|author-link=Ong Iok-tek|language=Chinese}}

* {{cite book|title=An investigation of written Taiwanese (Master's thesis)|last=Ota|first=Katsuhiro J|publisher=University of Hawai'i at Manoa|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/11520/2/uhm_ma_3246_r.pdf|year=2005|OCLC=435500061}}

* {{cite book|title=The Chinese Language|last=Ramsey|first=S. Robert|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton|isbn=978-0-691-01468-5|year=1987}}

* {{cite journal|title=Linguistic capital in Taiwan: The KMT's Mandarin language policy and its perceived impact on language practices of bilingual Mandarin and Tai-gi speakers|last=Sandel|first=Todd L.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|journal=Language in Society|volume=32|issue=4|issn=0047-4045}}

* {{cite book|last=Sidaia|first=Babuja A.|title=A-Chhûn|isbn=957-98861-6-4|publisher=Taili|year=1998|location=Taipei|language=Hàn-lô Taiwanese}}

* {{cite book|title=A Pocket Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular: English-Chinese|last=Tipson|first=Ernest|year=1934|publisher=Lithographers|location=Singapore|oclc=504142973}}

* {{cite book|chapter=白話字kap台語文的現代化 (Peh-oe-ji and the Modernization of Written Taiwanese)|author=Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam|title=Conference Proceedings – 2004 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization|year=2004|volume=1|language=Han-lo Taiwanese|oclc=77082548}}

* {{cite book|author=Tseng Rui-cheng|title=Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an Shiyong Shouce (Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System)|publisher=ROC Ministry of Education|year=2009|isbn=978-986-01-6637-8|url=http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/9851214271.pdf|language=Chinese}}

* {{cite book|last=Van Nest Talmage|first=John|author-link=John Van Nest Talmage|title=New Dictionary in the Amoy Dialect|year=1894|oclc=41548900}}

* {{cite book|title=Lessons in the Amoy Vernacular|last=Warnshuis|first=A. Livingston|last2=de Pree|first2=H.P.|year=1911|oclc=29903392|publisher=Chui-keng-tông Press|location=Xiamen}}

* {{cite book|title=The Taigi Literature Debates and Related Developments (1987–1996) (Master's thesis)|author=Wu Chang-neng|publisher=National Chengchi University|location=Taipei|year=2007|oclc=642745725}}

* {{cite book|chapter=客家語羅馬字文獻的版本研究 (Books Written in Hakka Romanization)|author=Wu Guo-sheng|author2=Chen Yi-hsin|title=Conference Proceedings – 2004 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization|year=2004|volume=2|language=Chinese|oclc=77082548}}

== Pranala luar ==

* {{cite web|title=Tai-gu Bang|url=http://groups.google.com.tw/group/taigu/browse_thread/thread/307245daaa08a82a?pli=1}} – [[Google group]] for Taiwanese language enthusiasts – uses POJ and Chinese characters.

* {{cite web|title=Pe̍h-ōe-jī Unicode Correspondence Table|url=http://tailingua.com/resources/downloads/pojunicode.pdf|year=2009|publisher=Tailingua}} – information on Unicode encodings for POJ text

* {{cite web|title=Taiwanese Romanization Association|url=http://www.tlh.org.tw/}} – group dedicated to the promotion of Taiwanese and Hakka romanization

* {{cite web|url=http://openvanilla.org/|title=Open Vanilla}} – [[open source]] input method for both [[Windows]] and [[Mac OS X]].

* {{cite web|url=http://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/|title=Taigi-Hakka IME}} – Windows-based input method for both Hokkien and Hakka variants.

* {{cite web|url=http://www.edu.tw/mandr/content.aspx?site_content_sn=3847|title=Tai-lo Input Method|language=Chinese}} – [[cross-platform]] input method released by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.

* {{cite web|url=http://www.benya.com/transliterator/|title=Transliterator}} – extension for the [[Firefox]] browser which allows POJ input in-browser.

* {{cite web|title=Charis SIL|url=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=CharisSILFont|publisher=[[SIL International]]}} – [[serif]] font in regular, [[boldface|bold]], [[italic type|italic]], and bold italic.

* {{cite web|url=http://dejavu-fonts.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page|title=DejaVu|access-date=2012-02-15|archive-date=2009-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213050036/http://dejavu-fonts.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page|dead-url=yes}} – available in serif, [[sans-serif]], and [[monospaced font|monospace]].

* {{cite web|title=Doulos SIL|url=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=DoulosSILfont|publisher=SIL International}} – [[Times New Roman]]-style serif.

* {{cite web|url=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=gentium|title=Gentium|publisher=SIL International}} – open source serif.

* {{cite web|url=http://linuxlibertine.sourceforge.net/Libertine-EN.html|title=Linux Libertine}} – [[GPL]] and [[Open Publication License|OPL]]-licensed serif.

* {{cite web|title=Taigi Unicode|url=http://www.tailingua.com/resources/downloads/twu3.ttf}} – serif font specifically designed for POJ.

* {{cite web|url=http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/iug/ungian/Soannteng/subok/poj.htm|title=Taiwanese bibliography|access-date=2012-02-15|archive-date=2012-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222202748/http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/iug/ungian/Soannteng/subok/poj.htm|dead-url=yes}} – list of books in Taiwanese, including those written in POJ.

* {{cite web|url=http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/memory/TGB/MoWT.asp|title=Memory of Written Taiwanese|access-date=2012-02-15|archive-date=2009-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129090145/http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/Memory/TGB/mowt.asp|dead-url=yes}} – collection of Taiwanese texts in various orthographies, including many in POJ.

* {{cite web|url=http://203.64.42.21/iug/Ungian/SoannTeng/chil/Taihoa.asp|title=Tai-Hoa Dictionary|access-date=2012-02-15|archive-date=2011-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529221205/http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp|dead-url=yes}} – dictionary which includes POJ, Taiwanese in Chinese characters, and Mandarin characters. Some English definitions also available.

* {{citation|url=http://www.de-han.org/pehoeji/exhibits/index.htm|title=Exhibits: Taiwanese Romanization Peh-oe-ji}} – sample images of various older POJ texts.

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