Neokonservatisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Neokonservatisme''' (biasa disingkat '''neokon''') adalah aliran politik yang lahir di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1960-an di kalangan Demokrat yang tidak sepakat dengan kebijakan dalam dan luar negeri partainya. Sebagian besar pengikutnya mulai dikenal khalayak pada masa pemerintahan Republik tahun 1970-an, 1980-an, 1990-an, dan 2000-an. Jumlah neokonservatif meningkat pada masa pemerintahan [[George W. Bush]] dan [[George H.W. Bush]] karena mereka berperan besar dalam perencanaan [[invasi Irak 2003]].<ref>{{cite book|author= Jeffrey Record|title= Wanting War: Why the Bush Administration Invaded Iraq|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7hOlgQUq7FYC&pg=PT47|year= 2010|publisher= Potomac Books, Inc.|pages= 47–50}}</ref> Neokonservatif ternama pada masa pemerintahan George W. Bush adalah [[Paul Wolfowitz]], [[John R. Bolton|John Bolton]], [[Elliott Abrams]], [[Richard Perle]], dan [[Paul Bremer]]. Meski tidak mengaku neokonservatif, Wakil Presiden [[Dick Cheney]] dan Menteri Pertahanan [[Donald Rumsfeld]] mengikuti saran penasihat neokonservatif dalam hal kebijakan luar negeri, khususnya pertahanan Israel dan penyebaran demokrasi di Timur Tengah. Kaum neokonservatif masih memengaruhi [[pemerintahan Obama]]. Ideologi neokonservatif terus menjadi faktor penentu kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat.<ref name="abstract">{{cite journal | last1 = Homolar-Riechmann | first1 = Alexandra | year = 2009 | title = The moral purpose of US power: neoconservatism in the age of Obama | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13569770902858111 | journal = Contemporary Politics | volume = 15 | issue = 2| pages = 179–196 | doi=10.1080/13569770902858111}}</ref><ref name="Robert Singh 2014 pp 29-40">Robert Singh, "Neoconservatism in the age of Obama,"" in Inderjeet Parmar and Linda B. Miller, eds., ''Obama and the World: New Directions in US Foreign Policy'' (Routledge 2014) pp 29-40</ref>

 

{{cite web

|url= http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/03/07/c-bradley-thompson/neoconservatism-unmasked

meski Strauss sendiri [[Leo Strauss#Tanggapan terhadap kritik|tidak mendukung]] penafsiran kaum neokonservatif.

 

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* [[Foundation for Defense of Democracies]]<ref>{{cite book|author=John Feffer|title=Power Trip: Unilateralism and Global Strategy After September 11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8PQgoFju7UC&pg=PA231|year=2003|publisher=Seven Stories Press|page=231|isbn=978-1-60980-025-3}}</ref>

* [[Henry Jackson Society]]<ref>K. Dodds, K. and S. Elden, "Thinking Ahead: David Cameron, the Henry Jackson Society and BritishNeoConservatism," ''British Journal of Politics and International Relations'' (2008), 10(3): 347–63.</ref>

* [[Hudson Institute]]<ref name="Danny Cooper 2011 45">{{cite book|author=Danny Cooper|title=Neoconservatism and American Foreign Policy: A Critical Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNyZILpcSgkC&pg=PA45|year=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=45|isbn=978-0-203-84052-8}}</ref>

* [[Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs]]<ref name="Danny Cooper 2011 45"/>

 

* ''[[Commentary (majalah)|Commentary]]''

* ''[[FrontPage Magazine|Front Page Magazine]]''

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{{portal|konservatisme}}

* [[Faksi di Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)]]

* [[Trotskyisme]]

 

{{Reflist|30em}}

 

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* Albanese, Matteo. "The Concept of War in Neoconservative Thinking", IPOC, Milan, 2012.Translated by Nicolas Lewkowicz. ISBN 978-8867720002

* Bush, George W., Gerhard Schroeder, et al., "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A46687-2005Feb23?language=printer Transcript: Bush, Schroeder Roundtable With German Professionals]", ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 23 February 2005. Retrieved 16 September 2006.

* Critchlow, Donald T. ''The conservative ascendancy: how the GOP right made political history'' (2nd ed. 2011)

* [[Joan Lara Amat y León|Lara Amat y León, Joan]] y Antón Mellón, Joan, "Las persuasiones neoconservadoras: F. Fukuyama, S. P. Huntington, W. Kristol y R. Kagan", en Máiz, Ramón (comp.), ''Teorías políticas contemporáneas'', (2ªed.rev. y ampl.) Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2009. ISBN 978-84-9876-463-5. [http://www.tirant.com/detalle?articulo=8498764637&titulo=Teor%EDas%20Pol%EDticas%20Contempor%E1neas Ficha del libro]

* [[Joan Lara Amat y León|Lara Amat y León, Joan]], "Cosmopolitismo y anticosmoplitismo en el neoconservadurismo: Fukuyama y Huntington", en Nuñez, Paloma y Espinosa, Javier (eds.), ''Filosofía y política en el siglo XXI. Europa y el nuevo orden cosmopolita'', Akal, Madrid, 2009. ISBN 978-84-460-2875-8. [http://www.akal.com/libros/FilosofIa-y-PolItica-en-el-siglo-XXI/9788446028758 Ficha del libro]

* {{cite journal|last=Lipset|first=Seymour|authorlink=Seymour Martin Lipset|title=Neoconservatism: Myth and reality|journal=Society|date=4 July 1988|publisher=Transactions (purchased by Springer)|location=New York|issn=0147-2011|pages=29–37|volume=25|doi=10.1007/BF02695739|ref=harv|issue=5}}

* Mann, James. ''Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet'', Viking, 2004. ISBN 0-670-03299-9 (cloth).

* {{cite journal|title=Trotsky's orphans: From Bolshevism to Reaganism|last=Massing|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Massing|journal=The New Republic|pages=18–22|year=1987|ref=harv}}

* Mascolo, Georg. "[http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/spiegel/0,1518,388857,00.html "A Leaderless, Directionless Superpower: interview with Ex-Powell aide Wilkerson"], Spiegel Online, 6 December 2005. Retrieved 16 September 2006.

* Prueher, Joseph. [http://www.sinomania.com/CHINANEWS/usa_china_apology.htm U.S. apology to China over spy plane incident], 11 April 2001. Reproduced on sinomania.com. Retrieved 16 September 2006.

* [[Norman Podhoretz|Podoretz, Norman]]. ''The Norman Podhoretz Reader''. New York: Free Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-3661-0.

* [[Irwin Stelzer|Stelzer, Irwin]], ed. ''Neoconservatism'', Atlantic Books, 2004.

* Smith, Grant F. ''Deadly Dogma: How Neoconservatives Broke the Law to Deceive America''. ISBN 0-9764437-4-0.

* [[Leo Strauss|Strauss, Leo]]. ''Natural Right and History'', University of Chicago Press, 1999. ISBN 0-226-77694-8.

* Strauss, Leo. ''The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism'', University of Chicago Press, 1989. ISBN 0-226-77715-4.

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* Arin, Kubilay Yado: ''Think Tanks, the Brain Trusts of US Foreign Policy''. Wiesbaden: VS Springer 2013.

* Balint, Benjamin V. ''Running Commentary: The Contentious Magazine that Transformed the Jewish Left into the Neoconservative Right'' (2010)

* Dorrien, Gary. ''The Neoconservative Mind''. ISBN 1-56639-019-2, n attack from the Left

* Ehrman, John. ''The Rise of Neoconservatism: Intellectual and Foreign Affairs 1945 – 1994'', Yale University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-300-06870-0, friendly analysis

* Friedman, Murray. ''The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy''. Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-521-54501-3.

* [[Greg Grandin|Grandin, Greg]]."Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism." Metropolitan Books Henry Holt & Company, 2006.ISBN 978-0-8050-8323-1

* Vaïsse, Justin. ''Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement'' (Harvard U.P. 2010), translated from the French

 

 

* Thompson, Bradley C. (with Yaron Brook). ''Neoconservatism. An Obituary for an Idea''. Boulder/London: Paradigm Publishers, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59451-831-7.

* [http://www.vdare.com/articles/kristol-confesses-neoconservatism-is-not-conservative Kristol Confesses: Neoconservatism Is Not Conservative], by Samuel Francis

* [http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2013/09/paul-gottfried-and-claes-ryn-on-leo-strauss/ Paul Gottfried and Claes Ryn on Leo Strauss], by Kevin MacDonald

 

* [[Adam Curtis]]. ''[[The Power of Nightmares]]'', [[BBC]]. [https://archive.org/details/ThePowerOfNightmares Archive].

 

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