Hudson's Bay Company: Perbedaan antara revisi

|traded_as = {{TSX|HBC}}

|founded = [[London, Inggris]]<br>(2 Mei 1670)

|revenue = {{increase}} $5,223 miliar [[dolar Kanada|CAD]] (2014)

|assets = {{increase}} $7,943 miliar [[dolar Kanada|CAD]] (2014)

|location = [[Simpson Tower]]<br>[[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Kanada

|profit = {{increase}} $ 258,1 juta [[dolar Kanada|CAD]] (2014)

 

 

Perusahaan ini dibentuk melalui [[piagam kerajaan]] [[Kerajaan Inggris|Inggris]] pada tahun 1670 dengan nama '''The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay'''. Perusahaan ini berfungsi sebagai pemerintah ''de facto'' di sebagian wilayah Amerika Utara sebelum diambil alih oleh Amerika Serikat dan beberapa negara Eropa.<ref name=charter>{{cite web |title=The Royal Charter of the Hudson's Bay Company |website=HBC Heritage |url=http://www.hbcheritage.ca/hbcheritage/collections/archival/charter/charter |access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref> HBC pernah menjadi tuan tanah terbesar di dunia yang kekuasaannya mencakup [[daerah aliran sungai Teluk Hudson]] ([[Rupert's Land]]), 15% dari daratan Amerika Utara. Dari markanya di [[York Factory]], [[Hudson Bay]], perusahaan ini menguasai [[perdagangan bulu Amerika Utara|perdagangan bulu]] koloni Britania di Amerika Utara selama beberapa abad. Dengan merintis penjelajahan ke pedalaman, para pedagang dan pemburu bulu membina hubungan dengan berbagai [[suku pribumi di Kanada|suku pribumi]]. Jaringan [[pabrik (pos dagang)|pos dagangnya]] kelak menjadi pusat pemerintahan di sebagian besar [[Kanada Barat]] dan Amerika Serikat. Pada akhir abad ke-19, dengan ditandatanganinya Surat Penyerahan Diri, wilayah operasinya diambil alih oleh pemerintah Kanada.

 

Bulan Juli 2008, HBC diakuisisi oleh [[NRDC Equity Partners]], pemilik pusat perbelanjaan kelas atas Lord & Taylor di Amerika Serikat.<ref name=GT-DEX-2008-19/> Sejak tahun 2008 hingga 2012, HBC dioperasikan melalui perusahaan holding milik NRDC, [[Hudson's Bay Trading Company]], yang dibubarkan tanggal 23 Januari 2012.<ref name="Hudson’s Bay Trading Company dissolved"/> Sejak 2012, HBC secara langsung mengoperasikan anak perusahaannya di Kanada, Hudson's Bay (sebelumnya bernama The Bay) dan Home Outfitters, dan Lord & Taylor di Amerika Serikat.

 

 

Pada Mei 2016, HBC mengumumkan ekspansi ke Belanda dengan mengambil alih 20 pabrik [[Vroom & Dreesmann]] tahun 2017. V&D merupakan jaringan pusat perbelanjaan bersejarah di Belanda yang bangkrut dan bubar pada awal 2016. Ekspansi ini akan memakan biaya 340 juta dolar Kanada dan menciptakan 2.500 lapangan kerja ritel dan 2.500 lapangan kerja konstruksi. Pertokoan di Belanda akan dioperasikan dengan merek "Hudson's Bay" dan "Saks Off Fifth".<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/hbc-bay-saks-netherlands-1.3585549 |title=HBC to expand to the Netherlands |accessdate=17 May 2016 |work=CBC News |date=17 May 2016}}</ref>

Daftar Gubernur Hudson's Bay Company:<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History: People: Governors |website=HBC Heritage |url=http://www.hbcheritage.ca/hbcheritage/history/people/governors/ |access-date=7 October 2015}}</ref>

{{Div col||30em}}

# 1683–85&nbsp; [[James II dari Inggris|James Stuart, Duke of York]], mengundurkan diri sebelum diangkat menjadi James II, Raja Inggris.<ref>{{cite book |title=James II |last=Miller |first=John |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Connecticut |date=2000 |orig-year=1978 |edition=revised, 3rd |isbn=978-0-3000-8728-4 |p=44 |url={{google books|w5bGqCEp5n8C|plainurl=yes|page=44}} |access-date=7 October 2015}}</ref>

# 1692–96&nbsp; Sir [[Stephen Evance]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/evance-stephen-1655-1712 |title=Evance, Stephen (c.1655–1712), of the ‘Black Boy’, Lombard Street, London |work=History of Parliament Online |access-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

# 1700–12&nbsp; Sir Stephen Evance

# 1822–52&nbsp; [[Sir John Pelly, 1st Baronet|Sir John Henry Pelly]]. Pada tahun 1826, Simpson menjabat gubernur wilayah Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History: People: Governors: Sir John Henry Pelly, Bart. |website=HBC Heritage |url=http://hbcheritage.ca/hbcheritage/history/people/governors/johnhenrypelly |access-date=7 October 2015}}</ref>

# 1868–69&nbsp; [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]]

# 1869–74&nbsp; Sir [[Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh|Stafford Henry Northcote]]<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle=Northcote, Stafford Henry |last=Sanders |first=Lloyd Charles |authorlink=Lloyd Charles Sanders |volume=41 |pages=194-199}}</ref>

# 1880–89&nbsp; [[Eden Colvile]]<ref>{{cite DCB |title=Colvile, Eden |first=J.E. |last=Rea |volume=12 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/colvile_eden_12E.html |access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref>

# 1916–25&nbsp; [[Robert Kindersley, 1st Baron Kindersley|Sir Robert Molesworth Kindersley]]

# 1925–31&nbsp; [[Charles Vincent Sale]]

* {{cite book |last=Hearne |first=Samuel |authorlink=Samuel Hearne |title=A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean |date=1795 |location=London |publisher=A. Strahan and T. Cadell Publishers |url={{google books|V5NcAAAAcAAJ|plainurl=yes}} }} - 2011 reprint: {{google books|sR2aHj3eJUwC|A Journey to the Northern Ocean: The Adventures of Samuel Hearne}}

* {{cite book |last=Laut |first=Agnes C. |title=The Conquest of the Great Northwest |date=1908 |location=New York |publisher=Outing Publishing |url=https://archive.org/details/conquestofgreatn01lautuoft}}

* {{cite book |last=Maurice |first=Edward Beauclerk |title=The Last of the Gentleman Adventurers |url={{google books|FIcGxHHfsAkC|plainurl=yes}} |location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co |date=2006 |orig-year=2004 |isbn=978-0-5477-5432-1}}

* {{cite book |last=Murray |first=Alexander Hunter |authorlink=Alexander Hunter Murray| title=Expedition to Build a Hudson's Bay Company Post on the Yukon, 1847–48 |date=1848}}

* {{cite book |last=Newman |first=Peter C. |authorlink=Peter C. Newman |title=Company of Adventurers, Vol. I. |location=Markham, Ontario |publisher=Viking, Penguin Books of Canada |date=1985 |ISBN=978-0-6708-0379-8}}

* {{cite book |last=Newman |first=Peter C. |title=Company of Adventurers: How the Hudson's Bay Empire Determined the Destiny of a Continent |location=Toronto |publisher=Penguin Canada |date=2005 |isbn=978-0-1430-5147-3}}

* {{cite journal | last=Opp | first= James | title=Branding 'the Bay/la Baie': Corporate Identity, the Hudson's Bay Company, and the Burden of History in the 1960s. | journal=Canadian Historical Review | volume= 96#2 |date=2015 | pages= 223-256 }}

* {{cite book |last=Rich |first=Edwin Ernest |title=The History of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1670 – 1870 |volume=Volume II.: 1763–1870 |publisher=Hudson's Bay Record Society |date=1959}}

* {{cite book |last=Rich |first=Edwin Ernest |title=Montreal and the Fur Trade |location=Montreal |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |date=1966 |edition=reprint |series=Beatty Memorial Lectures |isbn=978-0-7735-9431-9}}

* {{cite book |last=Simmons |first=Deidre |url={{google books|y7pT8yTwbnsC|plainurl=yes}} |title=Keepers of the Record: The History of the Hudson's Bay Company Archives |location=Montreal |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |date=2007 |ISBN=978-0-7735-3291-5}}

* {{cite book |last=Tichenor |first=Harold |title=The Blanket: An Illustrated History of the Hudson's Bay Point Blanket |location=Toronto |publisher=Quantum Books for Hudson's Bay Company |date=2002 |isbn=978-1-8958-9220-8}}

* {{cite book |last=Van Kirk |first=Sylvia |title=Many Tender Ties: Women in the Fur- Trade Society, 1670–1870 |location=Winnipeg |publisher=Watson & Dwyer |date=1999 |orig-year=1980 |isbn=978-1-8962-3951-4}} - 1983 edition: {{google books|JBAp4KhDrdUC|Many Tender Ties: Women in the Fur- Trade Society, 1670–1870}}

* {{cite journal |last=Van Kirk |first=Sylvia |title=The Role of Native Women in the Fur Trade Society of Western Canada, 1670–1830 |journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies |volume=7 |issue=3 |date=1984 |pp=9–13 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3346234 |jstor=3346234 |doi=10.2307/3346234 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press }}

* {{cite journal |last=White |first=Bruce. M. |url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/483430 |title=The Woman who Married a Beaver: Trade Patterns and Gender Roles in the Ojibwa Fur Trade |journal=Ethnohistory |volume=46 |issue=1 |date=Winter 1999 |pp=109–147 |jstor=483430 |publisher=Duke University Press}}

* {{cite book |last=Willson |first=Beckles |authorlink=Henry Beckles Willson| title=The Great Company (1667–1871): A History of the Honourable Company of Merchants-adventurers Trading Into Hudson's Bay |location=London |publisher=Smith, Elder and Company |date=1900 |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42279/42279-h/42279-h.htm}} - Also: {{google books|HwsqAAAAYAAJ|The Great Company, 1667–1871: Being a History of the Honourable Company of Merchants-Adventurers Trading into Hudson's Bay }}

* [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv58833 Hudson's Bay Company papers at the University of Oregon]

* [http://www.nfb.ca/film/other_side_of_the_ledger/ ''The Other Side of the Ledger: An Indian View of the Hudson's Bay Company'']

* [http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/bullock H. Bullock-Webster fonds] – An artistic rendition of the Canadian fur trade, from the UBC Library Digital Collections, depicting social life, activities and customs in Hudson's Bay Company posts in the 19th Century

 

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