T-26: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20231010)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
(10 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{other uses|T26 (disambiguasi)}}
[[Berkas:T-26 in Kirovsk.JPG|300px|ka
'''T-26''' adalah sebuah [[tank infanteri]] [[tank ringan|ringan]] milik [[Tentara Merah]] dari Soviet yang digunakan pada masa [[Perang Dunia II]] (terutama tahun 1930-an).
== Pengembangan ==
Pada tahun 1930 Uni Soviet membeli 15 unit tank Vickers Mark E dari Inggris. Tank-tank Vickers Mark E tersebut kemudian digunakan sebagai sarana latihan dan mempelajari taktik peperangan kendaraan lapis [[baja]]. Beberapa unit dari Vickers Mark E itu digunakan sebagai sarana penelitian untuk mengembangkan tank buatan Unit Soviet sendiri. Dari hasil mempelajari tank Vickers Mark E akhirnya Uni Soviet membuat tank ringan T-26 pada tahun 1931.
== Varian ==
Sama seperti tank Vickers Mark E, versi awal T-26 yang disebut T-26 mod 1931 juga dilengkapi dengan dua turet dan persenjataan dua pucuk [[senapan mesin]] DT kaliber 7,62mm. Pada tahun 1933 muncul T-26 mod 1933 dengan satu turet dan persenjataan meriam 20K kaliber 45mm. T-26 mod 1933 juga dilengkapi dengan lapisan baja yang lebih bagus, mengingat banyak T-26 mod 1891 hanya menggunakan lapisan baja setebal 10mm yang berkualitas, yang bahkan mampu ditembus oleh peluru kaliber 7,62mm tipe AP dari jarak 150 meter. Selain persenjataan meriam kaliber 45mm dan lapisan baja yang lebih baik, pada versi T-26 mod 1933 juga dipasangi radio komunikasi. Tank-tank buatan Uni Soviet pada saat itu memang banyak yang tidak dipasangi radio, dan hal ini terus berlanjut hingga Perang Dunia II. Pada tahun 1938 kemudian muncul versi T-26 mod 1938 yang bisa dikatakan merupakan versi terakhir dari tank ringan T-26. Tiga versi dasar inilah yang merupakan varian T-26 yang paling banyak diproduksi. Produksi T-26 sendiri secara total mencapai lebih dari 11.000 unit dalam berbagai varian. Uni Soviet mencatat rekor dengan mengembangkan setidaknya 53 varian kendaraan tempur dari T-26, termasuk kendaraan istirahat lapis bajae, kendaraan komando, pengangkut [[mortir]], kendaraan pengintai, tank [[pelontar api]], traktor artileri, serta tank asap dan kimiawi.
== Operator ==
Selain digunakan oleh [[Uni Soviet]], tank T-26 juga diekspor ke [[Spanyol]], [[Tiongkok]], dan [[Turki]]. Dalam Perang Dunia II, [[Finlandia]], [[Jerman]], [[
== Operasi ==
Debut pertempuran T-26 terjadi dalam [[Perang Saudara Spanyol|perang saudara Spanyol]] yang terjadi pada tahun 1936 -1939. Sebanyak 281 unit T-26 mod 1933 dikirim untuk memperkuat pasukan Repubik menghadapi pasukan Nasionalis. Tank ini terbukti jauh lebih unggul daripada [[Panzer I]] buatan Jerman dan tanket C-33 buatan Italia yang saat itu digunakan oleh pasukan Nasionalis.Selain perang saudara Spanyol, tank T-26 juga digunakan dalam konflik perbatasan antara Jepang dengan Uni Soviet di Manchuria pada tahun 1938. Dalam konflik bersenjata ini ternyata T-26 sangat rentan terhadap serangan pasukan infanteri Jepang. Tidak sedikit T-26 yang berhasil dilumpuhkan pasukan infanteri Jepang dengan menggunakan [[granat]] dan [[bom molotov]]. Tank ini juga banyak yang berhasil dilumpuhkan oleh tank Type 95 milik Jepang yang dipersenjatai dengan meriam kaliber 37mm.Ketika pecah Perang Dunia II, T-26 digunakan oleh Uni Soviet untuk menyerbu Polanda pada bulan September 1939 dan Finlandia pada bulan Desember 1939. Ketika Jerman melancarkan [[Operasi Barbarossa]] pada bulan Juni 1941, Rusia masih memiliki sekitar 10.000 unit tank T-26 dalam berbagai varian. Tank ini masih mampu mengimbangi tank ringan milik Jerman seperti Panzer I dan Panzer II, namun mengalami kesulitan jika harus menghadapi [[Panzer III]] dan [[Panzer IV]]. Karena lapisan bajanya yang tipis, tidak sedikit pula T-26 yang hancur karena tembakan artileri dan serangan udara Jerman. Seiring dengan semakin sengitnya pertempuran Perang Dunia II, Jerman pun mulai mengurangi jumlah Panzer I dan Panzer II mereka serta menggantinya dengan Panzer III, Panzer IV, dan kemudian Panzer V Panther. Rusia pun mulai menarik T-26 mereka dan menggantinya dan medium tank T-34. Namun T-26 masih terus digunakan dalam [[Pertempuran Moskwa]] tahun 1941 dan [[Pertempuran Stalingrad]] tahun 1942. Tank ini masih terus digunakan hingga Perang Dunia II berakhir dan terakhir kali digunakan oleh Rusia saat menyerbu pasukan Jepang di Manchuria pada tahun 1945.
Finlandia menjadi negara terakhir yang menggunakan T-26. Berhasil merebut sejumlah T-26 dari Rusia dalam Perang Dunia II, T-26 masih digunakan Finlandia sampai dengan tahun 1961.
Baris 26:
* {{cite book |last= García |first= José María |author2=Lucas Molina Franco |title= Las Armas de la Guerra Civil Española |year= 2006 |publisher= La Esfera de los Libros |location= 28002 Madrid |language= Spanish |page= 613 |isbn = 84-9734-475-8}}
* {{cite book |last= Glantz |first= David M. |title= Stumbling Colossus |year= 1998 |publisher= Kansas Press |location= Lawrence, Kansas |page= 374 |isbn = 0-7006-0879-6}}
* {{cite book |last= Glantz |first= David M. |author2=[[Jonathan House|Jonathan M. House]] |title= When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0 |year= 1995 |publisher= Kansas Press |location= Lawrence, Kansas | page= [https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0/page/414 414] |isbn = 0-7006-0899-0}}
* {{cite book |last= House |first= Jonathan M. |title= Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20th-Century Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization |year= 1984 |publisher= U.S. Army Command and General Staff College |location= Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027-6900 | page= 231}}
* Hughes-Wilson, John (2006). "Snow and Slaughter at Suomussalmi" in ''Military History'', 1 January 2006. ISSN 0889-7328.
* {{cite book |last= Jorgensen |first= Christer |author2=Chris Mann |title= Strategy and Tactics: Tank Warfare|url= https://archive.org/details/strategytacticst0000jorg |year= 2001 |publisher= MBI Publishing Company |location= Osceola, USA |page= [https://archive.org/details/strategytacticst0000jorg/page/176 176] |isbn = 0-7603-1016-5}}
* {{cite book |last= Kantakoski |first= Pekka |title= Punaiset panssarit – Puna-armeijan panssarijoukot 1918–1945 |trans-title=Red tanks: the Red Army's armoured forces 1918–1945 |year= 1998 |publisher= Ilves-Paino Oy |location= Hämeenlinna |language= Finnish |page= 512 |isbn = 951-98057-0-2}}
* {{cite book |last= Kolomiets |first= Maxim |title= Tanki v Zimnei voine 1939–1940 (Tanks during the Winter War 1939–1940). Frontline Illustration No. 3 |year= 2001 |publisher= Strategiya KM|location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= 82 |isbn = 978-5-699-20928-6}}
* {{cite book |last= Kolomiets |first= Maxim |author2=Svirin Mikhail |title= Legkiy tank T-26. 1931–1941 (The Light Tank T-26. 1931–1941). Frontline Illustration No. 1 |year= 2003 |publisher= Strategiya KM|location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= 79 |isbn = 5-901266-01-3}}
* {{cite book |last= Kolomiets |first= Maxim |author2=Svirin Mikhail |title= T-26: mashiny na ego base (T-26: The Vehicles on its Base). Frontline Illustration No. 4 |year= 2003 |publisher= Strategiya KM|location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= 80 |isbn = 5-901266-01-3}}
* {{cite book |last= Kolomiets |first= Maxim |title= T-26. Tyazhelaya sud'ba legkogo tanka (T-26. The Heavy Fate of the Light Tank) |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9785699218714 |year= 2007 |publisher= Yauza, Strategiya KM, EKSMO |location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9785699218714/page/n128 128] |isbn = 978-5-699-21871-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last= Macksey |first= Kenneth |title= Tanks: A History of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle |year= 1970 |publisher= Charles Scribner's Sons |location= United States of America | page= 160 |id = SBN 684-13651-1}}
* {{cite book |last= Miller |first= David |title= Illustrated Directory of Tanks and Fighting Vehicles: From World War I to the Present Day |url= https://archive.org/details/illustrateddirec0000mill_r1i6 |date= 30 June 2000 |publisher= Zenith Press | page= [https://archive.org/details/illustrateddirec0000mill_r1i6/page/480 480] |isbn = 0-7603-0892-6}}
* {{cite book |last= Muikku |first= Esa |author2=Jukka Purhonen |title= Suomalaiset Panssarivaunut 1918–1997 (The Finnish Armoured Vehicles 1918–1997) |year= 1998 |publisher= Apali |location= Jyväskylä |language= Finnish, English |page= 208 |isbn = 952-5026-09-4}}
* {{cite book |last= Raus |first= Erhard |title= Panzers on the Eastern Front: General Erhard Raus and his Panzer Divisions in Russia, 1941–1945 |editor= Peter G. Tsouras |year= 2002 |publisher= Greenhill Books |location= United States of America | page= 253 |isbn = 0-7394-2644-3}}
* {{cite book |last= Regenberg |first= Dr. Werner |author2=Horst Scheibert |title= Captured Tanks Under the German Flag |url= https://archive.org/details/capturedtanksund00sche |year= 1990 |publisher= Schiffer |location= United States of America | page= [https://archive.org/details/capturedtanksund00sche/page/n50 49] |isbn = 0-88740-201-1}}
* {{cite book |last= Rybalkin |first= Yuriy |title= Operatsiya "X". Sovetskaya voennaya pomoshch respublikanskoy Ispanii 1936–1939 (Operation X. The Soviet Military Aid to Republican Spain 1936–1939) |year= 2000 |publisher= AIRO-XX|location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= 149 |isbn = 5-88735-067-9}}
* {{cite book |last= Solyankin |first= Alexander |author2=Pavlov Ivan |author3=Pavlov Mikhail |author4=Zheltov Igor |title= Otechestvennye bronirovannye mashiny. XX vek. Tom 1: 1905–1941 (Native Armoured Vehicles. 20th century. Vol. 1: 1905–1941) |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_5940380301 |year= 2002 |publisher= Exprint |location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= [https://archive.org/details/isbn_5940380301/page/n344 344] |isbn = 5-94038-030-1}}
* {{cite book |last= Svirin |first= Mikhail |author2=Kolomiets Maxim |title= Legkiy tank T-26 (Light Tank T-26) ARMADA No. 20|year= 2000 |publisher= Exprint |location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= 58 |isbn = 5-94038-003-4}}
* {{cite book |last= Svirin |first= Mikhail |title= Bronya krepka. Istoriya Sovetskogo tanka 1919–1937 (The armour is strong. A history of Soviet tank 1919–1937)|year= 2007 |publisher= Yauza, EKSMO |location= Moscow |language= Russian |page= 384 |isbn = 978-5-699-13809-8}}
* {{cite book |last= Weeks |first= John|title= Men Against Tanks: A History of Anti-Tank Warfare|url= https://archive.org/details/menagainsttanksh00week |year= 1975 |publisher= Mason Charter |location= New York, United States of America | page= [https://archive.org/details/menagainsttanksh00week/page/189 189]}}
* Woodel, Rosemary C. (April 2003). ''Freezing in hell'' in ''Military History'', Vol. 20 Issue 1. ISSN 0889-7328
* [[Steven Zaloga|Zaloga, Steven J.]], James Grandsen (1981). ''Soviet Heavy Tanks''. London: Osprey Publishing. {{ISBN|0-85045-422-0}}.
* Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). ''Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two''. London: Arms and Armour Press. {{ISBN|0-85368-606-8}}.
* Zaloga, Steven J. "[http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/soviet_tank_operations_in_the_sp.htm Soviet Tank Operations in the Spanish Civil War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041305/http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/soviet_tank_operations_in_the_sp.htm |date=2009-10-05 }}", in ''Journal of Slavic Military Studies'', vol 12, no 3, September 1999.
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons|T-26}}
* [http://english.battlefield.ru/t-26.html T-26: Development History and combat employment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219025458/http://english.battlefield.ru/t-26.html |date=2013-12-19 }}, short info about the T-26
* [http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26M31.htm T-26 mod. 1931] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302182634/http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26M31.htm |date=2009-03-02 }}, photos of twin-turreted T-26
* [http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26cyl.htm T-26 mod. 1933] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302182644/http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26cyl.htm |date=2009-03-02 }}, photos of T-26 mod. 1933
* [http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26con.htm T-26 mod. 1938/39] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302182639/http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26con.htm |date=2009-03-02 }}, photos of T-26 mod. 1938 and mod. 1939
* [http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26arm.htm T-26 with additional armour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304163925/http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/galleries/T-26/T-26arm.htm |date=2010-03-04 }}, photos of T-26 with appliqué armour
* [http://bronetehnika.narod.ru/t26/t26_2.html Light tank T-26], combat use of the T-26 (in Russian), many photos of T-26
* [http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=4022 Foreign tanks in Finnish service], Axis History Factbook, [http://www.axishistory.com/ Axis History]
* [http://www.wwiivehicles.com/ussr/tanks-light/t-26.asp Russia's T-26 Light Tanks], www.wwiivehicles.com
* Ferris, Dave (2000–2003). "[http://www.irvania.com/downloads/TBOTRus1.pdf Russian/Soviet Section I (1915 to 1944) Russian/Soviet Section I (1915 to 1944)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206043237/http://www.irvania.com/downloads/TBOTRus1.pdf |date=2012-02-06 }}", in ''[http://www.irvania.com/tbot.htm The Book of Tanks: A Wargamer's Portable Guide to Tanks, Self-Propelled Guns, Armoured Cars, and Personnel Carriers from World War I through the 1990s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212233725/http://www.irvania.com/archives/wargames/tbot/tbot.htm |date=2021-02-12 }}'', self-published, URL accessed 2006-11-10
* [http://legion-afv.narod.ru/Light-USSR.html T-26 tanks], T-26 tanks in museums and monuments
|